jdk/src/share/demo/nio/zipfs/com/sun/nio/zipfs/ZipFileSystem.java
changeset 6699 d8229570529d
child 7189 5749df30059b
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/demo/nio/zipfs/com/sun/nio/zipfs/ZipFileSystem.java	Fri Oct 08 21:33:28 2010 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,2257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ *   - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *   - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *   - Neither the name of Oracle nor the names of its
+ *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
+ * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.sun.nio.zipfs;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.*;
+import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.*;
+import java.nio.file.spi.*;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.zip.CRC32;
+import java.util.zip.Inflater;
+import java.util.zip.Deflater;
+import java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.DeflaterOutputStream;
+import java.util.zip.ZipException;
+import java.util.zip.ZipError;
+import static java.lang.Boolean.*;
+import static com.sun.nio.zipfs.ZipConstants.*;
+import static com.sun.nio.zipfs.ZipUtils.*;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.*;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.*;
+
+/**
+ * A FileSystem built on a zip file
+ *
+ * @author Xueming Shen
+ */
+
+public class ZipFileSystem extends FileSystem {
+
+    private final ZipFileSystemProvider provider;
+    private final ZipPath defaultdir;
+    private boolean readOnly = false;
+    private final Path zfpath;
+    private final ZipCoder zc;
+
+    private final Object lock = new Object();
+
+    // configurable by env map
+    private final String  defaultDir;    // default dir for the file system
+    private final String  nameEncoding;  // default encoding for name/comment
+    private final boolean buildDirTree;  // build a dir tree for directoryStream ops
+    private final boolean useTempFile;   // use a temp file for newOS, default
+                                         // is to use BAOS for better performance
+    private final boolean createNew;     // create a new zip if not exists
+
+    ZipFileSystem(ZipFileSystemProvider provider,
+                  Path zfpath,
+                  Map<String, ?> env)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        // configurable env setup
+        this.buildDirTree = TRUE.equals(env.get("buildDirTree"));
+        this.useTempFile = TRUE.equals(env.get("useTempFile"));
+        this.createNew = TRUE.equals(env.get("createNew"));
+        this.nameEncoding = env.containsKey("nameEncoding") ?
+                            (String)env.get("nameEncoding") : "UTF-8";
+        this.defaultDir = env.containsKey("default.dir") ?
+                          (String)env.get("default.dir") : "/";
+        if (this.defaultDir.charAt(0) != '/')
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("default dir should be absolute");
+
+        this.provider = provider;
+        this.zfpath = zfpath;
+        if (zfpath.notExists()) {
+            if (createNew) {
+                OutputStream os = zfpath.newOutputStream(CREATE_NEW, WRITE);
+                new END().write(os, 0);
+                os.close();
+            } else {
+                throw new FileSystemNotFoundException(zfpath.toString());
+            }
+        }
+        zfpath.checkAccess(AccessMode.READ); // sm and existence check
+        try {
+            zfpath.checkAccess(AccessMode.WRITE);
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException x) {
+            this.readOnly = true;
+        }
+        this.zc = ZipCoder.get(nameEncoding);
+        this.defaultdir = new ZipPath(this, getBytes(defaultDir));
+        initZipFile();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FileSystemProvider provider() {
+        return provider;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getSeparator() {
+        return "/";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isOpen() {
+        return isOpen;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReadOnly() {
+        return readOnly;
+    }
+
+    private void checkWritable() throws IOException {
+        if (readOnly)
+            throw new ReadOnlyFileSystemException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<Path> getRootDirectories() {
+        ArrayList<Path> pathArr = new ArrayList<>();
+        pathArr.add(new ZipPath(this, new byte[]{'/'}));
+        return pathArr;
+    }
+
+    ZipPath getDefaultDir() {  // package private
+        return defaultdir;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ZipPath getPath(String path) {
+        if (path.length() == 0)
+            throw new InvalidPathException(path, "path should not be empty");
+        return new ZipPath(this, getBytes(path));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UserPrincipalLookupService getUserPrincipalLookupService() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WatchService newWatchService() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    FileStore getFileStore(ZipPath path) {
+        return new ZipFileStore(path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<FileStore> getFileStores() {
+        ArrayList<FileStore> list = new ArrayList<FileStore>(1);
+        list.add(new ZipFileStore(new ZipPath(this, new byte[]{'/'})));
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    private static final Set<String> supportedFileAttributeViews =
+            Collections.unmodifiableSet(
+                new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList("basic", "zip")));
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<String> supportedFileAttributeViews() {
+        return supportedFileAttributeViews;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return zfpath.toString();
+    }
+
+    Path getZipFile() {
+        return zfpath;
+    }
+
+    private static final String GLOB_SYNTAX = "glob";
+    private static final String REGEX_SYNTAX = "regex";
+
+    @Override
+    public PathMatcher getPathMatcher(String syntaxAndInput) {
+        int pos = syntaxAndInput.indexOf(':');
+        if (pos <= 0 || pos == syntaxAndInput.length()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        String syntax = syntaxAndInput.substring(0, pos);
+        String input = syntaxAndInput.substring(pos + 1);
+        String expr;
+        if (syntax.equals(GLOB_SYNTAX)) {
+            expr = toRegexPattern(input);
+        } else {
+            if (syntax.equals(REGEX_SYNTAX)) {
+                expr = input;
+            } else {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Syntax '" + syntax +
+                    "' not recognized");
+            }
+        }
+        // return matcher
+        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(expr);
+        return new PathMatcher() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean matches(Path path) {
+                return pattern.matcher(path.toString()).matches();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            if (!isOpen)
+                return;
+            isOpen = false;
+            if (!streams.isEmpty()) {
+                synchronized(streams) {
+                    for (InputStream is: streams)
+                    is.close();
+                }
+            }
+            sync();
+            ch.close();
+        }
+        synchronized (inflaters) {
+            for (Inflater inf : inflaters)
+                inf.end();
+        }
+        synchronized (deflaters) {
+            for (Deflater def : deflaters)
+                def.end();
+        }
+        for (Path p: tmppaths) {
+            try {
+                p.deleteIfExists();
+            } catch (IOException x) {
+                x.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        provider.removeFileSystem(zfpath);
+    }
+
+    ZipFileAttributes[] getAllAttributes() throws IOException {
+        ensureOpen();
+        int n = inodes.size();
+        ZipFileAttributes[] zes = new ZipFileAttributes[n];
+        Iterator<IndexNode> itr = inodes.values().iterator();
+        int i = 0;
+        while(itr.hasNext()) {
+            zes[i++] = new ZipFileAttributes(Entry.readCEN(cen, itr.next().pos));
+        }
+        return zes;
+    }
+
+    EntryName[] getEntryNames() throws IOException {
+        ensureOpen();
+        return inodes.keySet().toArray(new EntryName[0]);
+    }
+
+    ZipFileAttributes getFileAttributes(byte[] path)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e == null) {
+                if (path.length == 0) {
+                    e = new Entry(new byte[0]);  // root
+                } else if (buildDirTree) {
+                    IndexNode inode = getDirs().get(new EntryName(path));
+                    if (inode == null)
+                        return null;
+                    e = new Entry(inode.name);
+                } else {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                e.method = METHOD_STORED;        // STORED for dir
+                BasicFileAttributes bfas = Attributes.readBasicFileAttributes(zfpath);
+                if (bfas.lastModifiedTime() != null)
+                    e.mtime = javaToDosTime(bfas.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
+                if (bfas.lastAccessTime() != null)
+                    e.atime = javaToDosTime(bfas.lastAccessTime().toMillis());
+                if (bfas.creationTime() != null)
+                    e.ctime = javaToDosTime(bfas.creationTime().toMillis());
+            }
+            return new ZipFileAttributes(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTimes(byte[] path, FileTime mtime, FileTime atime, FileTime ctime)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkWritable();
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);    // ensureOpen checked
+            if (e == null)
+                throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+            if (e.type == Entry.CEN)
+                e.type = Entry.COPY;      // copy e
+            if (mtime != null)
+                e.mtime = javaToDosTime(mtime.toMillis());
+            if (atime != null)
+                e.atime = javaToDosTime(atime.toMillis());
+            if (ctime != null)
+                e.ctime = javaToDosTime(ctime.toMillis());
+            update(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean exists(byte[] path)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        return getEntry0(path) != null;
+    }
+
+    boolean isDirectory(byte[] path)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            if (buildDirTree) {
+                return getDirs().containsKey(new EntryName(path));
+            }
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            return (e != null && e.isDir()) || path.length == 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ZipPath toZipPath(byte[] path) {
+        // make it absolute
+        byte[] p = new byte[path.length + 1];
+        p[0] = '/';
+        System.arraycopy(path, 0, p, 1, path.length);
+        return new ZipPath(this, p);
+    }
+
+    // returns the list of child paths of "path"
+    Iterator<Path> iteratorOf(byte[] path,
+                              DirectoryStream.Filter<? super Path> filter)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            if (buildDirTree) {
+                IndexNode inode = getDirs().get(new EntryName(path));
+                if (inode == null)
+                    throw new NotDirectoryException(getString(path));
+                List<Path> list = new ArrayList<Path>();
+                IndexNode child = inode.child;
+                while (child != null) {
+                    ZipPath zp = toZipPath(child.name);
+                    if (filter == null || filter.accept(zp))
+                        list.add(zp);
+                    child = child.sibling;
+                }
+                return list.iterator();
+            }
+
+            if (!isDirectory(path))
+                throw new NotDirectoryException(getString(path));
+            List<Path> list = new ArrayList<Path>();
+            EntryName[] entries = getEntryNames();
+            path = toDirectoryPath(path);
+            for (EntryName en :entries) {
+                if (!isParentOf(path, en.name))  // is "path" the parent of "name"
+                    continue;
+                int off = path.length;
+                while (off < en.name.length) {
+                    if (en.name[off] == '/')
+                        break;
+                    off++;
+                }
+                if (off < (en.name.length - 1))
+                    continue;
+                ZipPath zp = toZipPath(en.name);
+                if (filter == null || filter.accept(zp))
+                    list.add(zp);
+            }
+            return list.iterator();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void createDirectory(byte[] dir, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkWritable();
+        dir = toDirectoryPath(dir);
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            ensureOpen();
+            // pseudo root dir, or exiting dir
+            if (dir.length == 0 || exists(dir))
+                throw new FileAlreadyExistsException(getString(dir));
+            checkParents(dir);
+
+            Entry e = new Entry(dir, Entry.NEW);
+            e.method = METHOD_STORED;  // STORED for dir
+            update(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void copyFile(boolean deletesrc, byte[]src, byte[] dst, CopyOption... options)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkWritable();
+        if (Arrays.equals(src, dst))
+            return;    // do nothing, src and dst are the same
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            Entry eSrc = getEntry0(src);  // ensureOpen checked
+            if (eSrc == null)
+                throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(src));
+            if (eSrc.isDir()) {    // spec says to create dst dir
+                createDirectory(dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            boolean hasReplace = false;
+            boolean hasCopyAttrs = false;
+            for (CopyOption opt : options) {
+                if (opt == REPLACE_EXISTING)
+                    hasReplace = true;
+                else if (opt == COPY_ATTRIBUTES)
+                    hasCopyAttrs = true;
+            }
+            Entry eDst = getEntry0(dst);
+            if (eDst != null) {
+                if (!hasReplace)
+                    throw new FileAlreadyExistsException(getString(dst));
+            } else {
+                checkParents(dst);
+            }
+            Entry u = new Entry(eSrc, Entry.COPY);    // copy eSrc entry
+            u.name = dst;                             // change name
+            // don't touch the "nlen and elen" here. writeLOC() always
+            // re-calculate from "name" and "extra" for the correct length,
+            // copyLOCEntry however needs the original lengths to skip the
+            // loc header.
+            // u.nlen = dst.length;
+            if (eSrc.type == Entry.NEW || eSrc.type == Entry.FILECH)
+            {
+                u.type = eSrc.type;    // make it the same type
+                if (!deletesrc) {      // if it's not "rename", just take the data
+                    if (eSrc.bytes != null)
+                        u.bytes = Arrays.copyOf(eSrc.bytes, eSrc.bytes.length);
+                    else if (eSrc.file != null) {
+                        u.file = getTempPathForEntry(null);
+                        eSrc.file.copyTo(u.file, REPLACE_EXISTING);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!hasCopyAttrs)
+                u.mtime = u.atime= u.ctime = javaToDosTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            update(u);
+            if (deletesrc)
+                updateDelete(eSrc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns an output stream for writing the contents into the specified
+    // entry.
+    OutputStream newOutputStream(byte[] path, OpenOption... options)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkWritable();
+        boolean hasCreateNew = false;
+        boolean hasCreate = false;
+        boolean hasAppend = false;
+        for (OpenOption opt: options) {
+            if (opt == READ)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("READ not allowed");
+            if (opt == CREATE_NEW)
+                hasCreateNew = true;
+            if (opt == CREATE)
+                hasCreate = true;
+            if (opt == APPEND)
+                hasAppend = true;
+        }
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e != null) {
+                if (e.isDir() || hasCreateNew)
+                    throw new FileAlreadyExistsException(getString(path));
+                if (hasAppend) {
+                    InputStream is = getInputStream(e);
+                    OutputStream os = getOutputStream(new Entry(e, Entry.NEW));
+                    copyStream(is, os);
+                    is.close();
+                    return os;
+                 }
+                 return getOutputStream(new Entry(e, Entry.NEW));
+            } else {
+                if (!hasCreate && !hasCreateNew)
+                    throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+                checkParents(path);
+                return getOutputStream(new Entry(path, Entry.NEW));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns an input stream for reading the contents of the specified
+    // file entry.
+    InputStream newInputStream(byte[] path) throws IOException {
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e == null)
+                throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+            if (e.isDir())
+                throw new FileSystemException(getString(path), "is a directory", null);
+            return getInputStream(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkOptions(Set<? extends OpenOption> options) {
+        // check for options of null type and option is an intance of StandardOpenOption
+        for (OpenOption option : options) {
+            if (option == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (!(option instanceof StandardOpenOption))
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns a Writable/ReadByteChannel for now. Might consdier to use
+    // newFileChannel() instead, which dump the entry data into a regular
+    // file on the default file system and create a FileChannel on top of
+    // it.
+    SeekableByteChannel newByteChannel(byte[] path,
+                                       Set<? extends OpenOption> options,
+                                       FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkOptions(options);
+        if (options.contains(StandardOpenOption.WRITE) ||
+            options.contains(StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
+            checkWritable();
+            final WritableByteChannel wbc = Channels.newChannel(newOutputStream(path,
+                                                options.toArray(new OpenOption[0])));
+            long leftover = 0;;
+            if (options.contains(StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
+                Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+                if (e != null && e.size >= 0)
+                    leftover = e.size;
+            }
+            final long offset = leftover;
+            return new SeekableByteChannel() {
+                long written = offset;
+                public boolean isOpen() {
+                    return wbc.isOpen();
+                }
+                public long position() throws IOException {
+                    return written;
+                }
+                public SeekableByteChannel position(long pos) throws IOException {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+                public int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+                public SeekableByteChannel truncate(long size) throws IOException {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+                public int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException {
+                    int n = wbc.write(src);
+                    written += n;
+                    return n;
+                }
+                public long size() throws IOException {
+                    return written;
+                }
+                public void close() throws IOException {
+                    wbc.close();
+                }
+            };
+        } else {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e == null || e.isDir())
+                throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+            final ReadableByteChannel rbc =
+                Channels.newChannel(getInputStream(e));
+            final long size = e.size;
+            return new SeekableByteChannel() {
+                long read = 0;
+                public boolean isOpen() {
+                    return rbc.isOpen();
+                }
+                public long position() throws IOException {
+                    return read;
+                }
+                public SeekableByteChannel position(long pos) throws IOException {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+                public int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException {
+                    return rbc.read(dst);
+                }
+                public SeekableByteChannel truncate(long size) throws IOException {
+                    throw new NonWritableChannelException();
+                }
+                public int write (ByteBuffer src) throws IOException {
+                    throw new NonWritableChannelException();
+                }
+                public long size() throws IOException {
+                    return size;
+                }
+                public void close() throws IOException {
+                    rbc.close();
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns a FileChannel of the specified entry.
+    //
+    // This implementation creates a temporary file on the default file system,
+    // copy the entry data into it if the entry exists, and then create a
+    // FileChannel on top of it.
+    FileChannel newFileChannel(byte[] path,
+                               Set<? extends OpenOption> options,
+                               FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkOptions(options);
+        final  boolean forWrite = (options.contains(StandardOpenOption.WRITE) ||
+                                   options.contains(StandardOpenOption.APPEND));
+        Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+        if (forWrite) {
+            checkWritable();
+            if (e == null) {
+                if (!options.contains(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW))
+                    throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+            } else {
+                if (options.contains(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW))
+                    throw new FileAlreadyExistsException(getString(path));
+                if (e.isDir())
+                    throw new FileAlreadyExistsException("directory <"
+                        + getString(path) + "> exists");
+            }
+            options.remove(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW); // for tmpfile
+        } else if (e == null || e.isDir()) {
+            throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+        }
+
+        final boolean isFCH = (e != null && e.type == Entry.FILECH);
+        final Path tmpfile = isFCH ? e.file : getTempPathForEntry(path);
+        final FileChannel fch = tmpfile.getFileSystem()
+                                       .provider()
+                                       .newFileChannel(tmpfile, options, attrs);
+        final Entry u = isFCH ? e : new Entry(path, tmpfile, Entry.FILECH);
+        if (forWrite) {
+            u.flag = FLAG_DATADESCR;
+            u.method = METHOD_DEFLATED;
+        }
+        // is there a better way to hook into the FileChannel's close method?
+        return new FileChannel() {
+            public int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException {
+                return fch.write(src);
+            }
+            public long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.write(srcs, offset, length);
+            }
+            public long position() throws IOException {
+                return fch.position();
+            }
+            public FileChannel position(long newPosition)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                fch.position(newPosition);
+                return this;
+            }
+            public long size() throws IOException {
+                return fch.size();
+            }
+            public FileChannel truncate(long size)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                fch.truncate(size);
+                return this;
+            }
+            public void force(boolean metaData)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                fch.force(metaData);
+            }
+            public long transferTo(long position, long count,
+                                   WritableByteChannel target)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.transferTo(position, count, target);
+            }
+            public long transferFrom(ReadableByteChannel src,
+                                     long position, long count)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.transferFrom(src, position, count);
+            }
+            public int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException {
+                return fch.read(dst);
+            }
+            public int read(ByteBuffer dst, long position)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.read(dst, position);
+            }
+            public long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.read(dsts, offset, length);
+            }
+            public int write(ByteBuffer src, long position)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+               return fch.write(src, position);
+            }
+            public MappedByteBuffer map(MapMode mode,
+                                        long position, long size)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+            public FileLock lock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.lock(position, size, shared);
+            }
+            public FileLock tryLock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
+                throws IOException
+            {
+                return fch.tryLock(position, size, shared);
+            }
+            protected void implCloseChannel() throws IOException {
+                fch.close();
+                if (forWrite) {
+                    u.mtime = javaToDosTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+                    u.size = Attributes.readBasicFileAttributes(u.file).size();
+                    update(u);
+                } else {
+                    if (!isFCH)    // if this is a new fch for reading
+                        removeTempPathForEntry(tmpfile);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // the outstanding input streams that need to be closed
+    private Set<InputStream> streams =
+        Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<InputStream>());
+
+    // the ex-channel and ex-path that need to close when their outstanding
+    // input streams are all closed by the obtainers.
+    private Set<ExChannelCloser> exChClosers = new HashSet<>();
+
+    private Set<Path> tmppaths = new HashSet<>();
+    private Path getTempPathForEntry(byte[] path) throws IOException {
+        Path tmpPath = createTempFileInSameDirectoryAs(zfpath);
+        tmppaths.add(tmpPath);
+
+        if (path != null) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e != null) {
+                InputStream is = newInputStream(path);
+                OutputStream os = tmpPath.newOutputStream(WRITE);
+                try {
+                    copyStream(is, os);
+                } finally {
+                    is.close();
+                    os.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return tmpPath;
+    }
+
+    private void removeTempPathForEntry(Path path) throws IOException {
+        path.delete();
+        tmppaths.remove(path);
+    }
+
+    // check if all parents really exit. ZIP spec does not require
+    // the existence of any "parent directory".
+    private void checkParents(byte[] path) throws IOException {
+        while ((path = getParent(path)) != null) {
+            if (!inodes.containsKey(new EntryName(path)))
+                throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getParent(byte[] path) {
+        int off = path.length - 1;
+        if (off > 0 && path[off] == '/')  // isDirectory
+            off--;
+        while (off > 0 && path[off] != '/') { off--; }
+        if (off == 0)
+            return null;                  // top entry
+        return Arrays.copyOf(path, off + 1);
+    }
+
+    // If "starter" is the parent directory of "path"
+    private static boolean isParentOf(byte[] p, byte[] c) {
+        final int plen = p.length;
+        if (plen == 0)          // root dir
+            return true;
+        if (plen  >= c.length)
+            return false;
+        int n = 0;
+        while (n < plen) {
+            if (p[n] != c[n])
+                return false;
+            n++;
+        }
+        if (p[n - 1] != '/' && (c[n] != '/' || n == c.length - 1))
+            return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    private void initZipFile() throws IOException {
+        ch = zfpath.newByteChannel(READ);
+        initCEN();
+    }
+
+    private volatile boolean isOpen = true;
+    private SeekableByteChannel ch; // channel to the zipfile
+    ByteBuffer cen;        // CEN & ENDHDR
+    private END  end;
+    private long locpos;   // position of first LOC header (usually 0)
+
+    // name -> pos (in cen), package private for ZipInfo
+    LinkedHashMap<EntryName, IndexNode> inodes;
+
+    byte[] getBytes(String name) {
+        return zc.getBytes(name);
+    }
+    String getString(byte[] name) {
+        return zc.toString(name);
+    }
+
+    protected void finalize() throws IOException {
+        close();
+    }
+
+    private long getDataPos(Entry e) throws IOException {
+        if (e.locoff == -1) {
+            Entry e2 = getEntry0(e.name);
+            if (e2 == null)
+                throw new ZipException("invalid loc for entry <" + e.name + ">");
+            e.locoff = e2.locoff;
+        }
+        byte[] buf = new byte[LOCHDR];
+        if (readFullyAt(buf, 0, buf.length, e.locoff) != buf.length)
+            throw new ZipException("invalid loc for entry <" + e.name + ">");
+        return locpos + e.locoff + LOCHDR + LOCNAM(buf) + LOCEXT(buf);
+    }
+
+    // Reads len bytes of data from the specified offset into buf.
+    // Returns the total number of bytes read.
+    // Each/every byte read from here (except the cen, which is mapped).
+    private long readFullyAt(byte[] buf, int off, long len, long pos)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf);
+        bb.position(off);
+        bb.limit((int)(off + len));
+        return readFullyAt(bb, pos);
+    }
+
+    private long readFullyAt(ByteBuffer bb, long pos)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        synchronized(ch) {
+            return ch.position(pos).read(bb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Searches for end of central directory (END) header. The contents of
+    // the END header will be read and placed in endbuf. Returns the file
+    // position of the END header, otherwise returns -1 if the END header
+    // was not found or an error occurred.
+    private END findEND() throws IOException
+    {
+        byte[] buf = new byte[READBLOCKSZ];
+        long ziplen = ch.size();
+        long minHDR = (ziplen - END_MAXLEN) > 0 ? ziplen - END_MAXLEN : 0;
+        long minPos = minHDR - (buf.length - ENDHDR);
+
+        for (long pos = ziplen - buf.length; pos >= minPos; pos -= (buf.length - ENDHDR))
+        {
+            int off = 0;
+            if (pos < 0) {
+                // Pretend there are some NUL bytes before start of file
+                off = (int)-pos;
+                Arrays.fill(buf, 0, off, (byte)0);
+            }
+            int len = buf.length - off;
+            if (readFullyAt(buf, off, len, pos + off) != len)
+                zerror("zip END header not found");
+
+            // Now scan the block backwards for END header signature
+            for (int i = buf.length - ENDHDR; i >= 0; i--) {
+                if (buf[i+0] == (byte)'P'    &&
+                    buf[i+1] == (byte)'K'    &&
+                    buf[i+2] == (byte)'\005' &&
+                    buf[i+3] == (byte)'\006' &&
+                    (pos + i + ENDHDR + ENDCOM(buf, i) == ziplen)) {
+                    // Found END header
+                    buf = Arrays.copyOfRange(buf, i, i + ENDHDR);
+                    END end = new END();
+                    end.endsub = ENDSUB(buf);
+                    end.centot = ENDTOT(buf);
+                    end.cenlen = ENDSIZ(buf);
+                    end.cenoff = ENDOFF(buf);
+                    end.comlen = ENDCOM(buf);
+                    end.endpos = pos + i;
+                    if (end.cenlen == ZIP64_MINVAL ||
+                        end.cenoff == ZIP64_MINVAL ||
+                        end.centot == ZIP64_MINVAL32)
+                    {
+                        // need to find the zip64 end;
+                        byte[] loc64 = new byte[ZIP64_LOCHDR];
+                        if (readFullyAt(loc64, 0, loc64.length, end.endpos - ZIP64_LOCHDR)
+                            != loc64.length) {
+                            return end;
+                        }
+                        long end64pos = ZIP64_LOCOFF(loc64);
+                        byte[] end64buf = new byte[ZIP64_ENDHDR];
+                        if (readFullyAt(end64buf, 0, end64buf.length, end64pos)
+                            != end64buf.length) {
+                            return end;
+                        }
+                        // end64 found, re-calcualte everything.
+                        end.cenlen = ZIP64_ENDSIZ(end64buf);
+                        end.cenoff = ZIP64_ENDOFF(end64buf);
+                        end.centot = (int)ZIP64_ENDTOT(end64buf); // assume total < 2g
+                        end.endpos = end64pos;
+                    }
+                    return end;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        zerror("zip END header not found");
+        return null; //make compiler happy
+    }
+
+    // Reads zip file central directory. Returns the file position of first
+    // CEN header, otherwise returns -1 if an error occured. If zip->msg != NULL
+    // then the error was a zip format error and zip->msg has the error text.
+    // Always pass in -1 for knownTotal; it's used for a recursive call.
+    private long initCEN() throws IOException {
+        end = findEND();
+        if (end.endpos == 0) {
+            inodes = new LinkedHashMap<EntryName, IndexNode>(10);
+            locpos = 0;
+            return 0;         // only END header present
+        }
+        if (end.cenlen > end.endpos)
+            zerror("invalid END header (bad central directory size)");
+        long cenpos = end.endpos - end.cenlen;     // position of CEN table
+
+        // Get position of first local file (LOC) header, taking into
+        // account that there may be a stub prefixed to the zip file.
+        locpos = cenpos - end.cenoff;
+        if (locpos < 0)
+            zerror("invalid END header (bad central directory offset)");
+
+        // read in the CEN and END
+        cen = ByteBuffer.allocate((int)(end.cenlen + ENDHDR));
+        if (readFullyAt(cen, cenpos) != end.cenlen + ENDHDR) {
+            zerror("read CEN tables failed");
+        }
+        cen.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).flip();
+
+        // Iterate through the entries in the central directory
+        inodes = new LinkedHashMap<EntryName, IndexNode>(end.centot + 1);
+        int pos = 0;
+        int limit = cen.remaining() - ENDHDR;
+        int i = 0;
+        byte[] bBuf = new byte[1024];
+        while (pos < limit) {
+            if (CENSIG(cen, pos) != CENSIG)
+                zerror("invalid CEN header (bad signature)");
+            int method = CENHOW(cen, pos);
+            int nlen   = CENNAM(cen, pos);
+            int elen   = CENEXT(cen, pos);
+            int clen   = CENCOM(cen, pos);
+            if ((CENFLG(cen, pos) & 1) != 0)
+                zerror("invalid CEN header (encrypted entry)");
+            if (method != METHOD_STORED && method != METHOD_DEFLATED)
+                zerror("invalid CEN header (bad compression method: " + method + ")");
+            if (pos + CENHDR + nlen > limit)
+                zerror("invalid CEN header (bad header size)");
+            if (bBuf.length < nlen)
+                 bBuf = new byte[nlen];
+            cen.position(pos + CENHDR);
+            byte[] name = new byte[nlen];
+            cen.get(name);
+            inodes.put(new EntryName(name), new IndexNode(name, pos));
+            // skip ext and comment
+            cen.position(pos += (CENHDR + nlen + elen + clen));
+            i++;
+        }
+        if (cen.remaining() != ENDHDR) {
+            zerror("invalid CEN header (bad header size)");
+        }
+        dirs = null;  // clear the dir map
+        return cenpos;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
+        if (!isOpen)
+            throw new ClosedFileSystemException();
+    }
+
+    // Creates a new empty temporary file in the same directory as the
+    // specified file.  A variant of File.createTempFile.
+    private static Path createTempFileInSameDirectoryAs(Path path)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        Path parent = path.toAbsolutePath().getParent();
+        String dir = (parent == null)? "." : parent.toString();
+        return File.createTempFile("zipfstmp", null, new File(dir)).toPath();
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////update & sync //////////////////////////////////////
+
+    private boolean hasUpdate = false;
+    private void updateDelete(Entry e) {
+        EntryName en = new EntryName(e.name);
+        inodes.remove(en);
+        hasUpdate = true;
+    }
+
+    private void update(Entry e) {
+        EntryName en = new EntryName(e.name);
+        inodes.put(en, e);
+        hasUpdate = true;
+    }
+
+    // copy over the whole LOC entry (header if necessary, data and ext) from
+    // old zip to the new one.
+    private long copyLOCEntry(Entry e, boolean updateHeader,
+                              OutputStream os,
+                              long written, byte[] buf)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        long locoff = e.locoff;  // where to read
+        e.locoff = written;      // update the e.locoff with new value
+
+        // calculate the size need to write out
+        long size = 0;
+        //  if there is A ext
+        if ((e.flag & FLAG_DATADESCR) != 0) {
+            if (e.size >= ZIP64_MINVAL || e.csize >= ZIP64_MINVAL)
+                size = 24;
+            else
+                size = 16;
+        }
+        if (updateHeader) {       // if we need update the loc header
+            locoff += LOCHDR + e.nlen + e.elen;  // skip header
+            size += e.csize;
+            written = e.writeLOC(os) + size;
+        } else {
+            size += LOCHDR + e.nlen + e.elen + e.csize;
+            written = size;
+        }
+        int n;
+        while (size > 0 &&
+            (n = (int)readFullyAt(buf, 0, buf.length, locoff)) != -1)
+        {
+            if (size < n)
+                n = (int)size;
+            os.write(buf, 0, n);
+            size -= n;
+            locoff += n;
+        }
+        return written;
+    }
+
+    // sync the zip file system, if there is any udpate
+    private void sync() throws IOException {
+        assert Thread.holdsLock(this);
+
+        // check ex-closer
+        if (!exChClosers.isEmpty()) {
+            for (ExChannelCloser ecc : exChClosers) {
+                if (ecc.streams.isEmpty()) {
+                    ecc.ch.close();
+                    ecc.path.delete();
+                    exChClosers.remove(ecc);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!hasUpdate)
+            return;
+
+        Path tmpFile = createTempFileInSameDirectoryAs(zfpath);
+        OutputStream os = tmpFile.newOutputStream(WRITE);
+        ArrayList<Entry> elist = new ArrayList<>(inodes.size());
+        long written = 0;
+        byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+        Entry e = null;
+
+        // write loc
+        for (IndexNode inode : inodes.values()) {
+            if (inode instanceof Entry) {    // an updated inode
+                e = (Entry)inode;
+                try {
+                    if (e.type == Entry.COPY) {
+                        // entry copy: the only thing changed is the "name"
+                        // and "nlen" in LOC header, so we udpate/rewrite the
+                        // LOC in new file and simply copy the rest (data and
+                        // ext) without enflating/deflating from the old zip
+                        // file LOC entry.
+                        written += copyLOCEntry(e, true, os, written, buf);
+                    } else {                          // NEW or FILECH
+                        e.locoff = written;
+                        written += e.writeLOC(os);    // write loc header
+                        if (e.bytes != null) {        // in-memory, deflated
+                            os.write(e.bytes);        // already
+                            written += e.bytes.length;
+                        } else if (e.file != null) {  // tmp file
+                            InputStream is = e.file.newInputStream();
+                            int n;
+                            if (e.type == Entry.NEW) {  // deflated already
+                                while ((n = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
+                                    os.write(buf, 0, n);
+                                    written += n;
+                                }
+                            } else if (e.type == Entry.FILECH) {
+                                // the data are not deflated, use ZEOS
+                                OutputStream os2 = new EntryOutputStream(e, os);
+                                while ((n = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
+                                    os2.write(buf, 0, n);
+                                }
+                                os2.close();
+                                written += e.csize;
+                                if ((e.flag & FLAG_DATADESCR) != 0)
+                                    written += e.writeEXT(os);
+                            }
+                            is.close();
+                            e.file.delete();
+                            tmppaths.remove(e.file);
+                        } else {
+                            // dir, 0-length data
+                        }
+                    }
+                    elist.add(e);
+                } catch (IOException x) {
+                    x.printStackTrace();    // skip any in-accurate entry
+                }
+            } else {    // unchanged inode
+                e = Entry.readCEN(cen, inode.pos);
+                try {
+                    written += copyLOCEntry(e, false, os, written, buf);
+                    elist.add(e);
+                } catch (IOException x) {
+                    x.printStackTrace();    // skip any wrong entry
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now write back the cen and end table
+        end.cenoff = written;
+        for (Entry entry : elist) {
+            written += entry.writeCEN(os);
+        }
+        end.centot = elist.size();
+        end.cenlen = written - end.cenoff;
+        end.write(os, written);
+        os.close();
+
+        if (!streams.isEmpty()) {
+            // There are outstanding input streams open on existing "ch",
+            // so, don't close the "cha" and delete the "file for now, let
+            // the "ex-channel-closer" to handle them
+            ExChannelCloser ecc = new ExChannelCloser(
+                                      createTempFileInSameDirectoryAs(zfpath),
+                                      ch,
+                                      streams);
+            zfpath.moveTo(ecc.path, REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            exChClosers.add(ecc);
+            streams = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<InputStream>());
+        } else {
+            ch.close();
+            zfpath.delete();
+        }
+        tmpFile.moveTo(zfpath, REPLACE_EXISTING);
+        hasUpdate = false;    // clear
+
+        if (isOpen) {
+            ch = zfpath.newByteChannel(READ); // re-fresh "ch" and "cen"
+            initCEN();
+        }
+        //System.out.println("->sync() done!");
+    }
+
+    private Entry getEntry0(byte[] path) throws IOException {
+        assert Thread.holdsLock(this);
+
+        if (path == null)
+            throw new NullPointerException("path");
+        if (path.length == 0)
+            return null;
+        EntryName en = new EntryName(path);
+        IndexNode inode = null;
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            ensureOpen();
+            if ((inode = inodes.get(en)) == null) {
+                if (path[path.length -1] == '/')  // already has a slash
+                    return null;
+                path = Arrays.copyOf(path, path.length + 1);
+                path[path.length - 1] = '/';
+                en.name(path);
+                if ((inode = inodes.get(en)) == null)
+                    return null;
+            }
+            if (inode instanceof Entry)
+                return (Entry)inode;
+            return Entry.readCEN(cen, inode.pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Test if the "name" a parent directory of any entry (dir empty)
+    boolean isAncestor(byte[] name) {
+        for (Map.Entry<EntryName, IndexNode> entry : inodes.entrySet()) {
+            byte[] ename = entry.getKey().name;
+            if (isParentOf(name, ename))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void deleteFile(byte[] path, boolean failIfNotExists)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        checkWritable();
+        synchronized(lock) {
+            Entry e = getEntry0(path);
+            if (e == null) {
+                if (path != null && path.length == 0)
+                    throw new ZipException("root directory </> can't not be delete");
+                if (failIfNotExists)
+                    throw new NoSuchFileException(getString(path));
+            } else {
+                if (e.isDir() && isAncestor(path))
+                    throw new DirectoryNotEmptyException(getString(path));
+                updateDelete(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void copyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        byte[] copyBuf = new byte[8192];
+        int n;
+        while ((n = is.read(copyBuf)) != -1) {
+            os.write(copyBuf, 0, n);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns an out stream for either
+    // (1) writing the contents of a new entry, if the entry exits, or
+    // (2) updating/replacing the contents of the specified existing entry.
+    private OutputStream getOutputStream(Entry e) throws IOException {
+
+        ensureOpen();
+        if (e.mtime == -1)
+            e.mtime = javaToDosTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+        if (e.method == -1)
+            e.method = METHOD_DEFLATED;  // TBD:  use default method
+        // store size, compressed size, and crc-32 in LOC header
+        e.flag = 0;
+        if (zc.isUTF8())
+            e.flag |= FLAG_EFS;
+        OutputStream os;
+        if (useTempFile) {
+            e.file = getTempPathForEntry(null);
+            os = e.file.newOutputStream(WRITE);
+        } else {
+            os = new ByteArrayOutputStream((e.size > 0)? (int)e.size : 8192);
+        }
+        return new EntryOutputStream(e, os);
+    }
+
+    private InputStream getInputStream(Entry e)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        InputStream eis = null;
+
+        if (e.type == Entry.NEW) {
+            if (e.bytes != null)
+                eis = new ByteArrayInputStream(e.bytes);
+            else if (e.file != null)
+                eis = e.file.newInputStream();
+            else
+                throw new ZipException("update entry data is missing");
+        } else if (e.type == Entry.FILECH) {
+            // FILECH result is un-compressed.
+            eis = e.file.newInputStream();
+            // TBD: wrap to hook close()
+            // streams.add(eis);
+            return eis;
+        } else {  // untouced  CEN or COPY
+            eis = new EntryInputStream(e, ch);
+        }
+        if (e.method == METHOD_DEFLATED) {
+            // MORE: Compute good size for inflater stream:
+            long bufSize = e.size + 2; // Inflater likes a bit of slack
+            if (bufSize > 65536)
+                bufSize = 8192;
+            final long size = e.size;;
+            eis = new InflaterInputStream(eis, getInflater(), (int)bufSize) {
+
+                private boolean isClosed = false;
+                public void close() throws IOException {
+                    if (!isClosed) {
+                        releaseInflater(inf);
+                        this.in.close();
+                        isClosed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                // Override fill() method to provide an extra "dummy" byte
+                // at the end of the input stream. This is required when
+                // using the "nowrap" Inflater option. (it appears the new
+                // zlib in 7 does not need it, but keep it for now)
+                protected void fill() throws IOException {
+                    if (eof) {
+                        throw new EOFException(
+                            "Unexpected end of ZLIB input stream");
+                    }
+                    len = this.in.read(buf, 0, buf.length);
+                    if (len == -1) {
+                        buf[0] = 0;
+                        len = 1;
+                        eof = true;
+                    }
+                    inf.setInput(buf, 0, len);
+                }
+                private boolean eof;
+
+                public int available() throws IOException {
+                    if (isClosed)
+                        return 0;
+                    long avail = size - inf.getBytesWritten();
+                    return avail > (long) Integer.MAX_VALUE ?
+                        Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int) avail;
+                }
+            };
+        } else if (e.method != METHOD_STORED) {
+            throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
+        }
+        streams.add(eis);
+        return eis;
+    }
+
+    // Inner class implementing the input stream used to read
+    // a (possibly compressed) zip file entry.
+    private class EntryInputStream extends InputStream {
+        private SeekableByteChannel zfch; // local ref to zipfs's "ch". zipfs.ch might
+                                          // point to a new channel after sync()
+        private   long pos;               // current position within entry data
+        protected long rem;               // number of remaining bytes within entry
+        protected long size;              // uncompressed size of this entry
+
+        EntryInputStream(Entry e, SeekableByteChannel zfch)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            this.zfch = zfch;
+            rem = e.csize;
+            size = e.size;
+            pos = getDataPos(e);
+        }
+        public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            ensureOpen();
+            if (rem == 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (len > rem) {
+                len = (int) rem;
+            }
+            // readFullyAt()
+            long n = 0;
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(b);
+            bb.position(off);
+            bb.limit(off + len);
+            synchronized(zfch) {
+                n = zfch.position(pos).read(bb);
+            }
+            if (n > 0) {
+                pos += n;
+                rem -= n;
+            }
+            if (rem == 0) {
+                close();
+            }
+            return (int)n;
+        }
+        public int read() throws IOException {
+            byte[] b = new byte[1];
+            if (read(b, 0, 1) == 1) {
+                return b[0] & 0xff;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
+            ensureOpen();
+            if (n > rem)
+                n = rem;
+            pos += n;
+            rem -= n;
+            if (rem == 0) {
+                close();
+            }
+            return n;
+        }
+        public int available() {
+            return rem > Integer.MAX_VALUE ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int) rem;
+        }
+
+        public long size() {
+            return size;
+        }
+        public void close() {
+            rem = 0;
+            streams.remove(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class EntryOutputStream extends DeflaterOutputStream
+    {
+        private CRC32 crc;
+        private Entry e;
+        private long written;
+
+        EntryOutputStream(Entry e, OutputStream os)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            super(os, getDeflater());
+            if (e == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException("Zip entry is null");
+            this.e = e;
+            crc = new CRC32();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            if (e.type != Entry.FILECH)    // only from sync
+                ensureOpen();
+            if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off > b.length - len) {
+                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+            } else if (len == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            switch (e.method) {
+            case METHOD_DEFLATED:
+                super.write(b, off, len);
+                break;
+            case METHOD_STORED:
+                written += len;
+                out.write(b, off, len);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
+            }
+            crc.update(b, off, len);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws IOException {
+            // TBD ensureOpen();
+            switch (e.method) {
+            case METHOD_DEFLATED:
+                finish();
+                e.size  = def.getBytesRead();
+                e.csize = def.getBytesWritten();
+                e.crc = crc.getValue();
+                break;
+            case METHOD_STORED:
+                // we already know that both e.size and e.csize are the same
+                e.size = e.csize = written;
+                e.crc = crc.getValue();
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
+            }
+            //crc.reset();
+            if (out instanceof ByteArrayOutputStream)
+                e.bytes = ((ByteArrayOutputStream)out).toByteArray();
+
+            if (e.type == Entry.FILECH) {
+                releaseDeflater(def);
+                return;
+            }
+            super.close();
+            releaseDeflater(def);
+            update(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void zerror(String msg) {
+        throw new ZipError(msg);
+    }
+
+    // Maxmum number of de/inflater we cache
+    private final int MAX_FLATER = 20;
+    // List of available Inflater objects for decompression
+    private List<Inflater> inflaters = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    // Gets an inflater from the list of available inflaters or allocates
+    // a new one.
+    private Inflater getInflater() {
+        synchronized (inflaters) {
+            int size = inflaters.size();
+            if (size > 0) {
+                Inflater inf = (Inflater)inflaters.remove(size - 1);
+                return inf;
+            } else {
+                return new Inflater(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Releases the specified inflater to the list of available inflaters.
+    private void releaseInflater(Inflater inf) {
+        synchronized (inflaters) {
+            if (inflaters.size() < MAX_FLATER) {
+                inf.reset();
+                inflaters.add(inf);
+            } else {
+                inf.end();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // List of available Deflater objects for compression
+    private List<Deflater> deflaters = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    // Gets an deflater from the list of available deflaters or allocates
+    // a new one.
+    private Deflater getDeflater() {
+        synchronized (deflaters) {
+            int size = deflaters.size();
+            if (size > 0) {
+                Deflater def = (Deflater)deflaters.remove(size - 1);
+                return def;
+            } else {
+                return new Deflater(Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Releases the specified inflater to the list of available inflaters.
+    private void releaseDeflater(Deflater def) {
+        synchronized (deflaters) {
+            if (inflaters.size() < MAX_FLATER) {
+               def.reset();
+               deflaters.add(def);
+            } else {
+               def.end();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // End of central directory record
+    static class END {
+        int  disknum;
+        int  sdisknum;
+        int  endsub;     // endsub
+        int  centot;     // 4 bytes
+        long cenlen;     // 4 bytes
+        long cenoff;     // 4 bytes
+        int  comlen;     // comment length
+        byte[] comment;
+
+        /* members of Zip64 end of central directory locator */
+        int diskNum;
+        long endpos;
+        int disktot;
+
+        void write(OutputStream os, long offset) throws IOException {
+            boolean hasZip64 = false;
+            long xlen = cenlen;
+            long xoff = cenoff;
+            if (xlen >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                xlen = ZIP64_MINVAL;
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            if (xoff >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                xoff = ZIP64_MINVAL;
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            int count = centot;
+            if (count >= ZIP64_MINVAL32) {
+                count = ZIP64_MINVAL32;
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            if (hasZip64) {
+                long off64 = offset;
+                //zip64 end of central directory record
+                writeInt(os, ZIP64_ENDSIG);       // zip64 END record signature
+                writeLong(os, ZIP64_ENDHDR - 12); // size of zip64 end
+                writeShort(os, 45);               // version made by
+                writeShort(os, 45);               // version needed to extract
+                writeInt(os, 0);                  // number of this disk
+                writeInt(os, 0);                  // central directory start disk
+                writeLong(os, centot);            // number of directory entires on disk
+                writeLong(os, centot);            // number of directory entires
+                writeLong(os, cenlen);            // length of central directory
+                writeLong(os, cenoff);            // offset of central directory
+
+                //zip64 end of central directory locator
+                writeInt(os, ZIP64_LOCSIG);       // zip64 END locator signature
+                writeInt(os, 0);                  // zip64 END start disk
+                writeLong(os, off64);             // offset of zip64 END
+                writeInt(os, 1);                  // total number of disks (?)
+            }
+            writeInt(os, ENDSIG);                 // END record signature
+            writeShort(os, 0);                    // number of this disk
+            writeShort(os, 0);                    // central directory start disk
+            writeShort(os, count);                // number of directory entries on disk
+            writeShort(os, count);                // total number of directory entries
+            writeInt(os, xlen);                   // length of central directory
+            writeInt(os, xoff);                   // offset of central directory
+            if (comment != null) {            // zip file comment
+                writeShort(os, comment.length);
+                writeBytes(os, comment);
+            } else {
+                writeShort(os, 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // wrapper for the byte[] name
+    static class EntryName {
+        byte[] name;
+        int hashcode;    // node is hashable/hashed by its name
+
+        public EntryName (byte[] name) {
+            name(name);
+        }
+
+        void name(byte[] name) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.hashcode = Arrays.hashCode(name);
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (!(other instanceof EntryName))
+                return false;
+            return Arrays.equals(name, ((EntryName)other).name);
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return hashcode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // can simply use Integer instead, if we don't use it to
+    // build a internal node tree.
+    static class IndexNode {
+        byte[] name;
+        int pos = -1;     // postion in cen table, -1 menas the
+                          // entry does not exists in zip file
+        IndexNode(byte[] name, int pos) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.pos = pos;
+        }
+
+        IndexNode() {}
+
+        IndexNode sibling;
+        IndexNode child;  // 1st child
+    }
+
+    static class Entry extends IndexNode {
+
+        static final int CEN    = 1;    // entry read from cen
+        static final int NEW    = 2;    // updated contents in bytes or file
+        static final int FILECH = 3;    // fch update in "file"
+        static final int COPY   = 4;    // copy of a CEN entry
+
+        byte[] bytes;      // updated content bytes
+        Path   file;       // use tmp file to store bytes;
+        int    type = CEN; // default is the entry read from cen
+
+        // entry attributes
+        int    version;
+        int    flag;
+        int    method = -1;    // compression method
+        long   mtime  = -1;    // last modification time (in DOS time)
+        long   atime  = -1;    // last access time
+        long   ctime  = -1;    // create time
+        long   crc    = -1;    // crc-32 of entry data
+        long   csize  = -1;    // compressed size of entry data
+        long   size   = -1;    // uncompressed size of entry data
+        int    nlen;
+        int    elen;
+        byte[] extra;
+
+        // loc
+        long   startPos;
+        long   endPos;         // exclusive
+
+        // cen
+        int    versionMade;
+        int    disk;
+        int    attrs;
+        long   attrsEx;
+        long   locoff;
+
+        int    clen;
+        byte[] comment;
+
+        // ZIP64 flag
+        boolean hasZip64;
+
+        Entry() {}
+
+        Entry(byte[] name) {
+            this.name = name;
+            //this.nlen = name.length;
+            this.mtime  = javaToDosTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            this.crc       = 0;
+            this.size      = 0;
+            this.csize     = 0;
+            this.method    = METHOD_DEFLATED;
+        }
+
+        Entry(byte[] name, int type) {
+            this(name);
+            this.type = type;
+        }
+
+        Entry (byte[] name, Path file, int type) {
+            this(name, type);
+            this.file = file;
+            this.method = METHOD_STORED;
+        }
+
+        Entry(Entry e) {
+            this.version   = e.version;
+            this.name      = e.name;  // copyOf?
+            this.nlen      = e.nlen;
+            this.ctime     = e.ctime;
+            this.atime     = e.atime;
+            this.mtime     = e.mtime;
+            this.crc       = e.crc;
+            this.size      = e.size;
+            this.csize     = e.csize;
+            this.method    = e.method;
+            this.extra     = (e.extra == null)?
+                             null:Arrays.copyOf(e.extra, e.extra.length);
+            this.elen      = e.elen;
+            this.versionMade = e.versionMade;
+            this.disk      = e.disk;
+            this.attrs     = e.attrs;
+            this.attrsEx   = e.attrsEx;
+            this.locoff    = e.locoff;
+            this.clen      = e.clen;
+            this.comment   = (e.comment == null)?
+                             null:Arrays.copyOf(e.comment, e.comment.length);
+            this.startPos = e.startPos;
+            this.endPos   = e.endPos;
+            this.hasZip64 = e.hasZip64;;
+        }
+
+        Entry (Entry e, int type) {
+            this(e);
+            this.type = type;
+        }
+
+        boolean isDir() {
+            return name != null &&
+                   (name.length == 0 ||
+                    name[name.length - 1] == '/');
+        }
+
+        int version() throws ZipException {
+            if (method == METHOD_DEFLATED)
+                return 20;
+            else if (method == METHOD_STORED)
+                return 10;
+            throw new ZipException("unsupported compression method");
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////// CEN //////////////////////
+        static Entry readCEN(ByteBuffer cen, int pos) throws IOException
+        {
+            return new Entry().cen(cen, pos);
+        }
+
+        private Entry cen(ByteBuffer cen, int pos) throws IOException
+        {
+            if (CENSIG(cen, pos) != CENSIG)
+                zerror("invalid CEN header (bad signature)");
+            versionMade = CENVEM(cen, pos);
+            version     = CENVER(cen, pos);
+            flag        = CENFLG(cen, pos);
+            method      = CENHOW(cen, pos);
+            mtime       = CENTIM(cen, pos);
+            crc         = CENCRC(cen, pos);
+            csize       = CENSIZ(cen, pos);
+            size        = CENLEN(cen, pos);
+            nlen        = CENNAM(cen, pos);
+            elen        = CENEXT(cen, pos);
+            clen        = CENCOM(cen, pos);
+            disk        = CENDSK(cen, pos);
+            attrs       = CENATT(cen, pos);
+            attrsEx     = CENATX(cen, pos);
+            locoff      = CENOFF(cen, pos);
+
+            cen.position(pos + CENHDR);
+            name = new byte[nlen];
+            cen.get(name);
+
+            if (elen > 0) {
+                extra = new byte[elen];
+                cen.get(extra);
+                if (csize == ZIP64_MINVAL || size == ZIP64_MINVAL ||
+                    locoff == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                    int off = 0;
+                    while (off + 4 < elen) {
+                        // extra spec: HeaderID+DataSize+Data
+                        int sz = SH(extra, off + 2);
+                        if (SH(extra, off) == EXTID_ZIP64) {
+                            off += 4;
+                            if (size == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                                // if invalid zip64 extra fields, just skip
+                                if (sz < 8 || (off + 8) > elen)
+                                    break;
+                                size = LL(extra, off);
+                                sz -= 8;
+                                off += 8;
+                            }
+                            if (csize == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                                if (sz < 8 || (off + 8) > elen)
+                                    break;
+                                csize = LL(extra, off);
+                                sz -= 8;
+                                off += 8;
+                            }
+                            if (locoff == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                                if (sz < 8 || (off + 8) > elen)
+                                    break;
+                                locoff = LL(extra, off);
+                                sz -= 8;
+                                off += 8;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        off += (sz + 4);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (clen > 0) {
+                comment = new byte[clen];
+                cen.get(comment);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        int writeCEN(OutputStream os) throws IOException
+        {
+            int written  = CENHDR;
+            int version0 = version();
+
+            long csize0  = csize;
+            long size0   = size;
+            long locoff0 = locoff;
+            int e64len   = 0;
+
+            // confirm size/length
+            nlen = (name != null) ? name.length : 0;
+            elen = (extra != null) ? extra.length : 0;
+            clen = (comment != null) ? comment.length : 0;
+
+            boolean hasZip64 = false;
+            if (csize >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                csize0 = ZIP64_MINVAL;
+                e64len += 8;                 // csize(8)
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            if (size >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                size0 = ZIP64_MINVAL;        // size(8)
+                e64len += 8;
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            if (locoff >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                locoff0 = ZIP64_MINVAL;
+                e64len += 8;                 // offset(8)
+                hasZip64 = true;
+            }
+            writeInt(os, CENSIG);            // CEN header signature
+            if (hasZip64) {
+                writeShort(os, 45);          // ver 4.5 for zip64
+                writeShort(os, 45);
+            } else {
+                writeShort(os, version0);    // version made by
+                writeShort(os, version0);    // version needed to extract
+            }
+            writeShort(os, flag);            // general purpose bit flag
+            writeShort(os, method);          // compression method
+            writeInt(os, mtime);             // last modification time
+            writeInt(os, crc);               // crc-32
+            writeInt(os, csize0);            // compressed size
+            writeInt(os, size0);             // uncompressed size
+            writeShort(os, name.length);
+
+            if (hasZip64) {
+                // + headid(2) + datasize(2)
+                writeShort(os, e64len + 4 + elen);
+            } else {
+                writeShort(os, elen);
+            }
+            if (comment != null) {
+                writeShort(os, Math.min(clen, 0xffff));
+            } else {
+                writeShort(os, 0);
+            }
+            writeShort(os, 0);              // starting disk number
+            writeShort(os, 0);              // internal file attributes (unused)
+            writeInt(os, 0);                // external file attributes (unused)
+            writeInt(os, locoff0);          // relative offset of local header
+            writeBytes(os, name);
+            if (hasZip64) {
+                writeShort(os, EXTID_ZIP64);// Zip64 extra
+                writeShort(os, e64len);
+                if (size0 == ZIP64_MINVAL)
+                    writeLong(os, size);
+                if (csize0 == ZIP64_MINVAL)
+                    writeLong(os, csize);
+                if (locoff0 == ZIP64_MINVAL)
+                    writeLong(os, locoff);
+            }
+            if (extra != null) {
+                writeBytes(os, extra);
+            }
+            if (comment != null) {
+                //TBD: 0, Math.min(commentBytes.length, 0xffff));
+                writeBytes(os, comment);
+            }
+            return CENHDR + nlen + elen + clen + (hasZip64?(e64len + 4):0);
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////// LOC //////////////////////
+        static Entry readLOC(ZipFileSystem zf, long pos)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            return readLOC(zf, pos, new byte[1024]);
+        }
+
+        static Entry readLOC(ZipFileSystem zf, long pos, byte[] buf)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            return new Entry().loc(zf, pos, buf);
+        }
+
+        Entry loc(ZipFileSystem zf, long pos, byte[] buf)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            assert (buf.length >= LOCHDR);
+            if (zf.readFullyAt(buf, 0, LOCHDR , pos) != LOCHDR) {
+                throw new ZipException("loc: reading failed");
+            }
+            if (LOCSIG(buf) != LOCSIG) {
+                throw new ZipException("loc: wrong sig ->"
+                                       + Long.toString(LOCSIG(buf), 16));
+            }
+            startPos = pos;
+            version  = LOCVER(buf);
+            flag     = LOCFLG(buf);
+            method   = LOCHOW(buf);
+            mtime    = LOCTIM(buf);
+            crc      = LOCCRC(buf);
+            csize    = LOCSIZ(buf);
+            size     = LOCLEN(buf);
+            nlen     = LOCNAM(buf);
+            elen     = LOCEXT(buf);
+
+            name = new byte[nlen];
+            if (zf.readFullyAt(name, 0, nlen, pos + LOCHDR) != nlen) {
+                throw new ZipException("loc: name reading failed");
+            }
+            if (elen > 0) {
+                extra = new byte[elen];
+                if (zf.readFullyAt(extra, 0, elen, pos + LOCHDR + nlen)
+                    != elen) {
+                    throw new ZipException("loc: ext reading failed");
+                }
+            }
+            pos += (LOCHDR + nlen + elen);
+            if ((flag & FLAG_DATADESCR) != 0) {
+                // Data Descriptor
+                Entry e = zf.getEntry0(name);  // get the size/csize from cen
+                if (e == null)
+                    throw new ZipException("loc: name not found in cen");
+                size = e.size;
+                csize = e.csize;
+                pos += (method == METHOD_STORED ? size : csize);
+                if (size >= ZIP64_MINVAL || csize >= ZIP64_MINVAL)
+                    pos += 24;
+                else
+                    pos += 16;
+            } else {
+                boolean hasZip64 = false;
+                if (extra != null &&
+                    (size == ZIP64_MINVAL || csize == ZIP64_MINVAL)) {
+                    // zip64 ext: must include both size and csize
+                    int off = 0;
+                    while (off + 20 < elen) {    // HeaderID+DataSize+Data
+                        int sz = SH(extra, off + 2);
+                        if (SH(extra, off) == EXTID_ZIP64 && sz == 16) {
+                            size = LL(extra, off + 4);
+                            csize = LL(extra, off + 12);
+                            hasZip64 = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        off += (sz + 4);
+                    }
+                }
+                pos += (method == METHOD_STORED ? size : csize);
+            }
+            endPos = pos;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        int writeLOC(OutputStream os)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            writeInt(os, LOCSIG);               // LOC header signature
+
+            int version = version();
+            if ((flag & FLAG_DATADESCR) != 0) {
+                writeShort(os, version());      // version needed to extract
+                writeShort(os, flag);           // general purpose bit flag
+                writeShort(os, method);         // compression method
+                writeInt(os, mtime);            // last modification time
+
+                // store size, uncompressed size, and crc-32 in data descriptor
+                // immediately following compressed entry data
+                writeInt(os, 0);
+                writeInt(os, 0);
+                writeInt(os, 0);
+            } else {
+                if (csize >= ZIP64_MINVAL || size >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                    hasZip64 = true;
+                    writeShort(os, 45);         // ver 4.5 for zip64
+                } else {
+                    writeShort(os, version());  // version needed to extract
+                }
+                writeShort(os, flag);           // general purpose bit flag
+                writeShort(os, method);         // compression method
+                writeInt(os, mtime);            // last modification time
+                writeInt(os, crc);              // crc-32
+                if (hasZip64) {
+                    writeInt(os, ZIP64_MINVAL);
+                    writeInt(os, ZIP64_MINVAL);
+                    //TBD:  e.elen += 20;       //headid(2) + size(2) + size(8) + csize(8)
+                } else {
+                    writeInt(os, csize);        // compressed size
+                    writeInt(os, size);         // uncompressed size
+                }
+            }
+            writeShort(os, name.length);
+            writeShort(os, elen + (hasZip64 ? 20 : 0));
+            writeBytes(os, name);
+            if (hasZip64) {
+                // TBD: should we update extra directory?
+                writeShort(os, EXTID_ZIP64);
+                writeShort(os, 16);
+                writeLong(os, size);
+                writeLong(os, csize);
+            }
+            if (extra != null) {
+                writeBytes(os, extra);
+            }
+            return LOCHDR + name.length + elen + (hasZip64 ? 20 : 0);
+        }
+
+        // Data Descriptior
+        int writeEXT(OutputStream os)
+            throws IOException
+        {
+            writeInt(os, EXTSIG);           // EXT header signature
+            writeInt(os, crc);              // crc-32
+            if (csize >= ZIP64_MINVAL || size >= ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                writeLong(os, csize);
+                writeLong(os, size);
+                return 24;
+            } else {
+                writeInt(os, csize);        // compressed size
+                writeInt(os, size);         // uncompressed size
+                return 16;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // read NTFS, UNIX and ZIP64 data from cen.extra
+        void readExtra() {
+            if (extra == null)
+                return;
+            int elen = extra.length;
+            int off = 0;
+            while (off + 4 < elen) {
+                // extra spec: HeaderID+DataSize+Data
+                int sz = SH(extra, off + 2);
+                int tag = SH(extra, off);
+                off += 4;
+                int pos = off;
+                if (pos + sz > elen)         // invalid data
+                    break;
+                switch (tag) {
+                case EXTID_ZIP64 :
+                    if (size == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                        if (pos + 8 > elen)  // invalid zip64 extra
+                            break;           // fields, just skip
+                        size = LL(extra, pos);
+                        pos += 8;
+                    }
+                    if (csize == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                        if (pos + 8 > elen)
+                            break;
+                        csize = LL(extra, pos);
+                        pos += 8;
+                    }
+                    if (locoff == ZIP64_MINVAL) {
+                        if (pos + 8 > elen)
+                            break;
+                        locoff = LL(extra, pos);
+                        pos += 8;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case EXTID_NTFS:
+                    pos += 4;    // reserved 4 bytes
+                    if (SH(extra, pos) !=  0x0001)
+                        break;
+                    if (SH(extra, pos + 2) != 24)
+                        break;
+                    mtime = LL(extra, pos + 4);
+                    atime = LL(extra, pos + 12);
+                    ctime = LL(extra, pos + 20);
+                    break;
+                case EXTID_UNIX:
+                    atime = LG(extra, pos);
+                    mtime = LG(extra, pos + 4);
+                    break;
+                default:    // unknow
+                }
+                off += sz;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class ExChannelCloser  {
+        Path path;
+        SeekableByteChannel ch;
+        Set<InputStream> streams;
+        ExChannelCloser(Path path,
+                        SeekableByteChannel ch,
+                        Set<InputStream> streams)
+        {
+            this.path = path;
+            this.ch = ch;
+            this.streams = streams;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ZIP directory has two issues:
+    // (1) ZIP spec does not require the ZIP file to include
+    //     directory entry
+    // (2) all entries are not stored/organized in a "tree"
+    //     structure.
+    // A possible solution is to build the node tree ourself as
+    // implemented below.
+    private HashMap<EntryName, IndexNode> dirs;
+    private IndexNode root;
+    private IndexNode addToDir(EntryName child) {
+        IndexNode cinode = dirs.get(child);
+        if (cinode != null)
+            return cinode;
+
+        byte[] cname = child.name;
+        byte[] pname = getParent(cname);
+        IndexNode pinode;
+
+        if (pname != null)
+            pinode = addToDir(new EntryName(pname));
+        else
+            pinode = root;
+        cinode = inodes.get(child);
+        if (cname[cname.length -1] != '/') {  // not a dir
+            cinode.sibling = pinode.child;
+            pinode.child = cinode;
+            return null;
+        }
+        cinode = dirs.get(child);
+        if (cinode == null)  // pseudo directry entry
+            cinode = new IndexNode(cname, -1);
+        cinode.sibling = pinode.child;
+        pinode.child = cinode;
+
+        dirs.put(child, cinode);
+        return cinode;
+    }
+
+    private HashMap<EntryName, IndexNode> getDirs()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        if (hasUpdate)
+            sync();
+        if (dirs != null)
+            return dirs;
+        dirs = new HashMap<EntryName, IndexNode>();
+        byte[] empty = new byte[0];
+        root = new IndexNode(empty, -1);
+        dirs.put(new EntryName(empty), root);
+
+        EntryName[] names = inodes.keySet().toArray(new EntryName[0]);
+        int i = names.length;
+        while (--i >= 0) {
+            addToDir(names[i]);
+        }
+        // for (int i EntryName en : inodes.keySet()) {
+        //     addToDir(en);
+        // }
+        return dirs;
+    }
+}