nashorn/src/jdk.scripting.nashorn/share/classes/overview.html
changeset 43039 d2a8a38e3070
parent 43038 7b8b8750a78e
parent 43023 06da62eee782
child 43040 ab2c8b03c328
--- a/nashorn/src/jdk.scripting.nashorn/share/classes/overview.html	Fri Jan 06 10:31:25 2017 -0800
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
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-<body>
-<p>
-Nashorn is a runtime environment for programs written in ECMAScript 5.1.
-</p>
-<h1>Usage</h1>
-<p>
-The recommended way to use Nashorn is through the <a href="http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=223" target="_top">JSR-223
-"Scripting for the Java Platform"</a> APIs found in the {@link javax.script} package. Usually, you'll obtain a
-{@link javax.script.ScriptEngine} instance for Nashorn using:
-<pre>
-import javax.script.*;
-...
-ScriptEngine nashornEngine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName("nashorn");
-</pre>
-and then use it just as you would any other JSR-223 script engine. See
-<a href="jdk/nashorn/api/scripting/package-summary.html">{@code jdk.nashorn.api.scripting}</a> package
-for details.
-<p>
-<h1>Compatibility</h1>
-Nashorn is 100% compliant with the <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm"
-target="_top">ECMA-262 Standard, Edition 5.1</a>. It requires a Java Virtual Machine that implements the
-<a href="http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=292" target="_top">JSR-292 "Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java
-Platform"</a> specification (often referred to as "invokedynamic"), as well as the already mentioned JSR-223.
-<h1>Interoperability with the Java platform</h1>
-<p>
-In addition to being a 100% ECMAScript 5.1 runtime, Nashorn provides features for interoperability of the ECMAScript
-programs with the Java platform. In general, any Java object put into the script engine's context will be visible from
-the script. In terms of the standard, such Java objects are not considered "native objects", but rather "host objects",
-as defined in section 4.3.8. This distinction allows certain semantical differences in handling them compared to native
-objects. For most purposes, Java objects behave just as native objects do: you can invoke their methods, get and set
-their properties. In most cases, though, you can't add arbitrary properties to them, nor can you remove existing
-properties.
-<p>
-<h2>Java collection handling</h2>
-<p>
-Native Java arrays and {@link java.util.List}s support indexed access to their elements through the property accessors,
-and {@link java.util.Map}s support both property and element access through both dot and square-bracket property
-accessors, with the difference being that dot operator gives precedence to object properties (its fields and properties
-defined as {@code getXxx} and {@code setXxx} methods) while the square bracket operator gives precedence to map
-elements. Native Java arrays expose the {@code length} property.
-<p>
-<h2>ECMAScript primitive types</h2>
-<p>
-ECMAScript primitive types for number, string, and boolean are represented with {@link java.lang.Number},
-{@link java.lang.CharSequence}, and {@link java.lang.Boolean} objects. While the most often used number type is
-{@link java.lang.Double} and the most often used string type is {@link java.lang.String}, don't rely on it as various
-internal optimizations cause other subclasses of {@code Number} and internal implementations of {@code CharSequence} to
-be used.
-<p>
-<h2>Type conversions</h2>
-<p>
-When a method on a Java object is invoked, the arguments are converted to the formal parameter types of the Java method
-using all allowed ECMAScript conversions. This can be surprising, as in general, conversions from string to number will
-succeed according to Standard's section 9.3 "ToNumber" and so on; string to boolean, number to boolean, Object to
-number, Object to string all work. Note that if the Java method's declared parameter type is {@code java.lang.Object},
-Nashorn objects are passed without any conversion whatsoever; specifically if the JavaScript value being passed is of
-primitive string type, you can only rely on it being a {@code java.lang.CharSequence}, and if the value is a number, you
-can only rely on it being a {@code java.lang.Number}. If the Java method declared parameter type is more specific (e.g.
-{@code java.lang.String} or {@code java.lang.Double}), then Nashorn will of course ensure the required type is passed.
-<p>
-<h2>SAM types</h2>
-<p>
-As a special extension when invoking Java methods, ECMAScript function objects can be passed in place of an argument
-whose Java type is so-called "single abstract method" or "SAM" type. While this name usually covers single-method
-interfaces, Nashorn is a bit more versatile, and it recognizes a type as a SAM type if all its abstract methods are
-overloads of the same name, and it is either an interface, or it is an abstract class with
-a no-arg constructor. The type itself must be public, while the constructor and the methods can be either public or
-protected. If there are multiple abstract overloads of the same name, the single function will serve as the shared
-implementation for all of them, <em>and additionally it will also override any non-abstract methods of the same name</em>.
-This is done to be consistent with the fact that ECMAScript does not have the concept of overloaded methods.
-<p>
-<h2>The {@code Java} object</h2>
-Nashorn exposes a non-standard global object named {@code Java} that is the primary API entry point into Java
-platform-specific functionality. You can use it to create instances of Java classes, convert from Java arrays to native
-arrays and back, and so on. The methods on the objects are directly implemented by public static methods on the class
-<a href="jdk/nashorn/internal/objects/NativeJava.html">{@code NativeJava}</a>, see that class for details on what
-functionality is available.
-<h2>Representations of Java types</h2>
-The method <a href="jdk/nashorn/internal/objects/NativeJava.html#type(java.lang.Object,%20java.lang.Object)">
-{@code Java.type(typeName)}</a> takes a name of a type, and returns an object representing a Java type. You can
-use that object to both create new instances of Java classes, as well as to access static fields and methods on them.
-The type object is distinct from the {@code java.lang.Class} object, which represents the reflective run-time type
-identity and doesn't carry i.e. static members. Again, see the link for {@code NativeJava} above for details.
-<h2>Other non-standard built-in objects</h2>
-In addition to {@code Java}, Nashorn also exposes some other non-standard built-in objects:
-<a href="jdk/nashorn/internal/objects/NativeJSAdapter.html">{@code JSAdapter}</a>,
-<a href="jdk/nashorn/internal/objects/NativeJavaImporter.html">{@code JavaImporter}</a>,
-<a href="jdk/nashorn/internal/runtime/NativeJavaPackage.html">{@code Packages}.</a>
-</body>