jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Spliterators.java
changeset 16929 c984ae5655cb
child 18155 889970e5b728
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Spliterators.java	Tue Apr 16 13:51:53 2013 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,2154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package java.util;
+
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.DoubleConsumer;
+import java.util.function.IntConsumer;
+import java.util.function.LongConsumer;
+
+/**
+ * Static classes and methods for operating on or creating instances of
+ * {@link Spliterator} and its primitive specializations
+ * {@link Spliterator.OfInt}, {@link Spliterator.OfLong}, and
+ * {@link Spliterator.OfDouble}.
+ *
+ * @see Spliterator
+ * @since 1.8
+ */
+public final class Spliterators {
+
+    // Suppresses default constructor, ensuring non-instantiability.
+    private Spliterators() {}
+
+    // Empty spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty {@code Spliterator}
+     *
+     * <p>The empty spliterator reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
+     * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}.  Calls to
+     * {@link java.util.Spliterator#trySplit()} always return {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @return An empty spliterator
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> emptySpliterator() {
+        return (Spliterator<T>) EMPTY_SPLITERATOR;
+    }
+
+    private static final Spliterator<Object> EMPTY_SPLITERATOR =
+            new EmptySpliterator.OfRef<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty {@code Spliterator.OfInt}
+     *
+     * <p>The empty spliterator reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
+     * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}.  Calls to
+     * {@link java.util.Spliterator#trySplit()} always return {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @return An empty spliterator
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfInt emptyIntSpliterator() {
+        return EMPTY_INT_SPLITERATOR;
+    }
+
+    private static final Spliterator.OfInt EMPTY_INT_SPLITERATOR =
+            new EmptySpliterator.OfInt();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty {@code Spliterator.OfLong}
+     *
+     * <p>The empty spliterator reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
+     * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}.  Calls to
+     * {@link java.util.Spliterator#trySplit()} always return {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @return An empty spliterator
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfLong emptyLongSpliterator() {
+        return EMPTY_LONG_SPLITERATOR;
+    }
+
+    private static final Spliterator.OfLong EMPTY_LONG_SPLITERATOR =
+            new EmptySpliterator.OfLong();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty {@code Spliterator.OfDouble}
+     *
+     * <p>The empty spliterator reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
+     * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}.  Calls to
+     * {@link java.util.Spliterator#trySplit()} always return {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @return An empty spliterator
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfDouble emptyDoubleSpliterator() {
+        return EMPTY_DOUBLE_SPLITERATOR;
+    }
+
+    private static final Spliterator.OfDouble EMPTY_DOUBLE_SPLITERATOR =
+            new EmptySpliterator.OfDouble();
+
+    // Array-based spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator} covering the elements of a given array,
+     * using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(Object[])}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(Object[])
+     */
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator(Object[] array,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new ArraySpliterator<>(Objects.requireNonNull(array),
+                                      additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator} covering a range of elements of a given
+     * array, using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(Object[])}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param fromIndex The least index (inclusive) to cover
+     * @param toIndex One past the greatest index to cover
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} is negative,
+     *         {@code toIndex} is less than {@code fromIndex}, or
+     *         {@code toIndex} is greater than the array size
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(Object[], int, int)
+     */
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator(Object[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        checkFromToBounds(Objects.requireNonNull(array).length, fromIndex, toIndex);
+        return new ArraySpliterator<>(array, fromIndex, toIndex, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfInt} covering the elements of a given array,
+     * using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(int[])}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(int[])
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfInt spliterator(int[] array,
+                                                int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new IntArraySpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(array), additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfInt} covering a range of elements of a
+     * given array, using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(int[], int, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param fromIndex The least index (inclusive) to cover
+     * @param toIndex One past the greatest index to cover
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} is negative,
+     *         {@code toIndex} is less than {@code fromIndex}, or
+     *         {@code toIndex} is greater than the array size
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(int[], int, int)
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfInt spliterator(int[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
+                                                int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        checkFromToBounds(Objects.requireNonNull(array).length, fromIndex, toIndex);
+        return new IntArraySpliterator(array, fromIndex, toIndex, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfLong} covering the elements of a given array,
+     * using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(long[])}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(long[])
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfLong spliterator(long[] array,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new LongArraySpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(array), additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfLong} covering a range of elements of a
+     * given array, using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(long[], int, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report.  (For example, if it is
+     * known the array will not be further modified, specify {@code IMMUTABLE};
+     * if the array data is considered to have an an encounter order, specify
+     * {@code ORDERED}).  The method {@link Arrays#spliterator(long[], int, int)} can
+     * often be used instead, which returns a spliterator that reports
+     * {@code SIZED}, {@code SUBSIZED}, {@code IMMUTABLE}, and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param fromIndex The least index (inclusive) to cover
+     * @param toIndex One past the greatest index to cover
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} is negative,
+     *         {@code toIndex} is less than {@code fromIndex}, or
+     *         {@code toIndex} is greater than the array size
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(long[], int, int)
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfLong spliterator(long[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        checkFromToBounds(Objects.requireNonNull(array).length, fromIndex, toIndex);
+        return new LongArraySpliterator(array, fromIndex, toIndex, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfDouble} covering the elements of a given array,
+     * using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(double[])}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report; it is common to
+     * additionally specify {@code IMMUTABLE} and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(double[])
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator(double[] array,
+                                                   int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new DoubleArraySpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(array), additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfDouble} covering a range of elements of a
+     * given array, using a customized set of spliterator characteristics.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is provided as an implementation convenience for
+     * Spliterators which store portions of their elements in arrays, and need
+     * fine control over Spliterator characteristics.  Most other situations in
+     * which a Spliterator for an array is needed should use
+     * {@link Arrays#spliterator(double[], int, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned spliterator always reports the characteristics
+     * {@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}.  The caller may provide additional
+     * characteristics for the spliterator to report.  (For example, if it is
+     * known the array will not be further modified, specify {@code IMMUTABLE};
+     * if the array data is considered to have an an encounter order, specify
+     * {@code ORDERED}).  The method {@link Arrays#spliterator(long[], int, int)} can
+     * often be used instead, which returns a spliterator that reports
+     * {@code SIZED}, {@code SUBSIZED}, {@code IMMUTABLE}, and {@code ORDERED}.
+     *
+     * @param array The array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+     * @param fromIndex The least index (inclusive) to cover
+     * @param toIndex One past the greatest index to cover
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator for an array
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given array is {@code null}
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} is negative,
+     *         {@code toIndex} is less than {@code fromIndex}, or
+     *         {@code toIndex} is greater than the array size
+     * @see Arrays#spliterator(double[], int, int)
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator(double[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
+                                                   int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        checkFromToBounds(Objects.requireNonNull(array).length, fromIndex, toIndex);
+        return new DoubleArraySpliterator(array, fromIndex, toIndex, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate inclusive start index and exclusive end index against the length
+     * of an array.
+     * @param arrayLength The length of the array
+     * @param origin The inclusive start index
+     * @param fence The exclusive end index
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the start index is greater than
+     * the end index, if the start index is negative, or the end index is
+     * greater than the array length
+     */
+    private static void checkFromToBounds(int arrayLength, int origin, int fence) {
+        if (origin > fence) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "origin(" + origin + ") > fence(" + fence + ")");
+        }
+        if (origin < 0) {
+            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(origin);
+        }
+        if (fence > arrayLength) {
+            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(fence);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Iterator-based spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator} using the given collection's
+     * {@link java.util.Collection#iterator()} as the source of elements, and
+     * reporting its {@link java.util.Collection#size()} as its initial size.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the collection's iterator, and
+     * implements {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param c The collection
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given collection is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator(Collection<? extends T> c,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new IteratorSpliterator<>(Objects.requireNonNull(c),
+                                         additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator} using a given {@code Iterator}
+     * as the source of elements, and with a given initially reported size.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned, or the initially reported
+     * size is not equal to the actual number of elements in the source.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param size The number of elements in the source, to be reported as
+     *        initial {@code estimateSize}
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
+                                                 long size,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new IteratorSpliterator<>(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator), size,
+                                         additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator} using a given {@code Iterator}
+     * as the source of elements, with no initial size estimate.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param characteristics Properties of this spliterator's source
+     *        or elements ({@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}, if supplied, are
+     *        ignored and are not reported.)
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliteratorUnknownSize(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
+                                                            int characteristics) {
+        return new IteratorSpliterator<>(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator), characteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfInt} using a given
+     * {@code IntStream.IntIterator} as the source of elements, and with a given
+     * initially reported size.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned, or the initially reported
+     * size is not equal to the actual number of elements in the source.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param size The number of elements in the source, to be reported as
+     *        initial {@code estimateSize}.
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfInt spliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator,
+                                                long size,
+                                                int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new IntIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator),
+                                          size, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfInt} using a given
+     * {@code IntStream.IntIterator} as the source of elements, with no initial
+     * size estimate.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param characteristics Properties of this spliterator's source
+     *        or elements ({@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}, if supplied, are
+     *        ignored and are not reported.)
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfInt spliteratorUnknownSize(PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator,
+                                                           int characteristics) {
+        return new IntIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator), characteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfLong} using a given
+     * {@code LongStream.LongIterator} as the source of elements, and with a
+     * given initially reported size.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned, or the initially reported
+     * size is not equal to the actual number of elements in the source.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param size The number of elements in the source, to be reported as
+     *        initial {@code estimateSize}.
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfLong spliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfLong iterator,
+                                                 long size,
+                                                 int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new LongIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator),
+                                           size, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfLong} using a given
+     * {@code LongStream.LongIterator} as the source of elements, with no
+     * initial size estimate.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param characteristics Properties of this spliterator's source
+     *        or elements ({@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}, if supplied, are
+     *        ignored and are not reported.)
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfLong spliteratorUnknownSize(PrimitiveIterator.OfLong iterator,
+                                                            int characteristics) {
+        return new LongIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator), characteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfDouble} using a given
+     * {@code DoubleStream.DoubleIterator} as the source of elements, and with a
+     * given initially reported size.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned, or the initially reported
+     * size is not equal to the actual number of elements in the source.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param size The number of elements in the source, to be reported as
+     *        initial {@code estimateSize}
+     * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+     *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+     *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble iterator,
+                                                   long size,
+                                                   int additionalCharacteristics) {
+        return new DoubleIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator),
+                                             size, additionalCharacteristics);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code Spliterator.OfDouble} using a given
+     * {@code DoubleStream.DoubleIterator} as the source of elements, with no
+     * initial size estimate.
+     *
+     * <p>The spliterator is not
+     * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>, inherits
+     * the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterator, and implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the spliterator.
+     * The behaviour of splitting and traversal is undefined if the iterator is
+     * operated on after the spliterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iterator for the source
+     * @param characteristics Properties of this spliterator's source
+     *        or elements ({@code SIZED} and {@code SUBSIZED}, if supplied, are
+     *        ignored and are not reported.)
+     * @return A spliterator from an iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given iterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliteratorUnknownSize(PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble iterator,
+                                                              int characteristics) {
+        return new DoubleIteratorSpliterator(Objects.requireNonNull(iterator), characteristics);
+    }
+
+    // Iterators from Spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an {@code Iterator} from a {@code Spliterator}.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the iterator.
+     * The behaviour of traversal is undefined if the spliterator is operated
+     * after the iterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of elements
+     * @param spliterator The spliterator
+     * @return An iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given spliterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static<T> Iterator<T> iteratorFromSpliterator(Spliterator<? extends T> spliterator) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(spliterator);
+        class Adapter implements Iterator<T>, Consumer<T> {
+            boolean valueReady = false;
+            T nextElement;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(T t) {
+                valueReady = true;
+                nextElement = t;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                if (!valueReady)
+                    spliterator.tryAdvance(this);
+                return valueReady;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public T next() {
+                if (!valueReady && !hasNext())
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                else {
+                    valueReady = false;
+                    return nextElement;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Adapter();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an {@code PrimitiveIterator.OfInt} from a
+     * {@code Spliterator.OfInt}.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the iterator.
+     * The behaviour of traversal is undefined if the spliterator is operated
+     * after the iterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param spliterator The spliterator
+     * @return An iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given spliterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iteratorFromSpliterator(Spliterator.OfInt spliterator) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(spliterator);
+        class Adapter implements PrimitiveIterator.OfInt, IntConsumer {
+            boolean valueReady = false;
+            int nextElement;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(int t) {
+                valueReady = true;
+                nextElement = t;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                if (!valueReady)
+                    spliterator.tryAdvance(this);
+                return valueReady;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int nextInt() {
+                if (!valueReady && !hasNext())
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                else {
+                    valueReady = false;
+                    return nextElement;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Adapter();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an {@code PrimitiveIterator.OfLong} from a
+     * {@code Spliterator.OfLong}.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the iterator.
+     * The behaviour of traversal is undefined if the spliterator is operated
+     * after the iterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param spliterator The spliterator
+     * @return An iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given spliterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static PrimitiveIterator.OfLong iteratorFromSpliterator(Spliterator.OfLong spliterator) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(spliterator);
+        class Adapter implements PrimitiveIterator.OfLong, LongConsumer {
+            boolean valueReady = false;
+            long nextElement;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(long t) {
+                valueReady = true;
+                nextElement = t;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                if (!valueReady)
+                    spliterator.tryAdvance(this);
+                return valueReady;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public long nextLong() {
+                if (!valueReady && !hasNext())
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                else {
+                    valueReady = false;
+                    return nextElement;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Adapter();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an {@code PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble} from a
+     * {@code Spliterator.OfDouble}.
+     *
+     * <p>Traversal of elements should be accomplished through the iterator.
+     * The behaviour of traversal is undefined if the spliterator is operated
+     * after the iterator is returned.
+     *
+     * @param spliterator The spliterator
+     * @return An iterator
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the given spliterator is {@code null}
+     */
+    public static PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble iteratorFromSpliterator(Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(spliterator);
+        class Adapter implements PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble, DoubleConsumer {
+            boolean valueReady = false;
+            double nextElement;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(double t) {
+                valueReady = true;
+                nextElement = t;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                if (!valueReady)
+                    spliterator.tryAdvance(this);
+                return valueReady;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public double nextDouble() {
+                if (!valueReady && !hasNext())
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                else {
+                    valueReady = false;
+                    return nextElement;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Adapter();
+    }
+
+    // Implementations
+
+    private static abstract class EmptySpliterator<T, S extends Spliterator<T>, C> {
+
+        EmptySpliterator() { }
+
+        public S trySplit() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public boolean tryAdvance(C consumer) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void forEachRemaining(C consumer) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
+        }
+
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        private static final class OfRef<T>
+                extends EmptySpliterator<T, Spliterator<T>, Consumer<? super T>>
+                implements Spliterator<T> {
+            OfRef() { }
+        }
+
+        private static final class OfInt
+                extends EmptySpliterator<Integer, Spliterator.OfInt, IntConsumer>
+                implements Spliterator.OfInt {
+            OfInt() { }
+        }
+
+        private static final class OfLong
+                extends EmptySpliterator<Long, Spliterator.OfLong, LongConsumer>
+                implements Spliterator.OfLong {
+            OfLong() { }
+        }
+
+        private static final class OfDouble
+                extends EmptySpliterator<Double, Spliterator.OfDouble, DoubleConsumer>
+                implements Spliterator.OfDouble {
+            OfDouble() { }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Array-based spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator designed for use by sources that traverse and split
+     * elements maintained in an unmodifiable {@code Object[]} array.
+     */
+    static final class ArraySpliterator<T> implements Spliterator<T> {
+        /**
+         * The array, explicitly typed as Object[]. Unlike in some other
+         * classes (see for example CR 6260652), we do not need to
+         * screen arguments to ensure they are exactly of type Object[]
+         * so long as no methods write into the array or serialize it,
+         * which we ensure here by defining this class as final.
+         */
+        private final Object[] array;
+        private int index;        // current index, modified on advance/split
+        private final int fence;  // one past last index
+        private final int characteristics;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering all of the given array.
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         * of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         * {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public ArraySpliterator(Object[] array, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this(array, 0, array.length, additionalCharacteristics);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering the given array and range
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param origin the least index (inclusive) to cover
+         * @param fence one past the greatest index to cover
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         * of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         * {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public ArraySpliterator(Object[] array, int origin, int fence, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.array = array;
+            this.index = origin;
+            this.fence = fence;
+            this.characteristics = additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator<T> trySplit() {
+            int lo = index, mid = (lo + fence) >>> 1;
+            return (lo >= mid)
+                   ? null
+                   : new ArraySpliterator<>(array, lo, index = mid, characteristics);
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super T> action) {
+            Object[] a; int i, hi; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if ((a = array).length >= (hi = fence) &&
+                (i = index) >= 0 && i < (index = hi)) {
+                do { action.accept((T)a[i]); } while (++i < hi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action) {
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (index >= 0 && index < fence) {
+                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T e = (T) array[index++];
+                action.accept(e);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() { return (long)(fence - index); }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super T> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator.OfInt designed for use by sources that traverse and split
+     * elements maintained in an unmodifiable {@code int[]} array.
+     */
+    static final class IntArraySpliterator implements Spliterator.OfInt {
+        private final int[] array;
+        private int index;        // current index, modified on advance/split
+        private final int fence;  // one past last index
+        private final int characteristics;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering all of the given array.
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public IntArraySpliterator(int[] array, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this(array, 0, array.length, additionalCharacteristics);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering the given array and range
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param origin the least index (inclusive) to cover
+         * @param fence one past the greatest index to cover
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public IntArraySpliterator(int[] array, int origin, int fence, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.array = array;
+            this.index = origin;
+            this.fence = fence;
+            this.characteristics = additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfInt trySplit() {
+            int lo = index, mid = (lo + fence) >>> 1;
+            return (lo >= mid)
+                   ? null
+                   : new IntArraySpliterator(array, lo, index = mid, characteristics);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(IntConsumer action) {
+            int[] a; int i, hi; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if ((a = array).length >= (hi = fence) &&
+                (i = index) >= 0 && i < (index = hi)) {
+                do { action.accept(a[i]); } while (++i < hi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(IntConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (index >= 0 && index < fence) {
+                action.accept(array[index++]);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() { return (long)(fence - index); }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Integer> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator.OfLong designed for use by sources that traverse and split
+     * elements maintained in an unmodifiable {@code int[]} array.
+     */
+    static final class LongArraySpliterator implements Spliterator.OfLong {
+        private final long[] array;
+        private int index;        // current index, modified on advance/split
+        private final int fence;  // one past last index
+        private final int characteristics;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering all of the given array.
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public LongArraySpliterator(long[] array, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this(array, 0, array.length, additionalCharacteristics);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering the given array and range
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param origin the least index (inclusive) to cover
+         * @param fence one past the greatest index to cover
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public LongArraySpliterator(long[] array, int origin, int fence, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.array = array;
+            this.index = origin;
+            this.fence = fence;
+            this.characteristics = additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfLong trySplit() {
+            int lo = index, mid = (lo + fence) >>> 1;
+            return (lo >= mid)
+                   ? null
+                   : new LongArraySpliterator(array, lo, index = mid, characteristics);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(LongConsumer action) {
+            long[] a; int i, hi; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if ((a = array).length >= (hi = fence) &&
+                (i = index) >= 0 && i < (index = hi)) {
+                do { action.accept(a[i]); } while (++i < hi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(LongConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (index >= 0 && index < fence) {
+                action.accept(array[index++]);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() { return (long)(fence - index); }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Long> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator.OfDouble designed for use by sources that traverse and split
+     * elements maintained in an unmodifiable {@code int[]} array.
+     */
+    static final class DoubleArraySpliterator implements Spliterator.OfDouble {
+        private final double[] array;
+        private int index;        // current index, modified on advance/split
+        private final int fence;  // one past last index
+        private final int characteristics;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering all of the given array.
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public DoubleArraySpliterator(double[] array, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this(array, 0, array.length, additionalCharacteristics);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator covering the given array and range
+         * @param array the array, assumed to be unmodified during use
+         * @param origin the least index (inclusive) to cover
+         * @param fence one past the greatest index to cover
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics Additional spliterator characteristics
+         *        of this spliterator's source or elements beyond {@code SIZED} and
+         *        {@code SUBSIZED} which are are always reported
+         */
+        public DoubleArraySpliterator(double[] array, int origin, int fence, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.array = array;
+            this.index = origin;
+            this.fence = fence;
+            this.characteristics = additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfDouble trySplit() {
+            int lo = index, mid = (lo + fence) >>> 1;
+            return (lo >= mid)
+                   ? null
+                   : new DoubleArraySpliterator(array, lo, index = mid, characteristics);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(DoubleConsumer action) {
+            double[] a; int i, hi; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if ((a = array).length >= (hi = fence) &&
+                (i = index) >= 0 && i < (index = hi)) {
+                do { action.accept(a[i]); } while (++i < hi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(DoubleConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (index >= 0 && index < fence) {
+                action.accept(array[index++]);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() { return (long)(fence - index); }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Double> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * An abstract {@code Spliterator} that implements {@code trySplit} to
+     * permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>An extending class need only
+     * implement {@link #tryAdvance(java.util.function.Consumer) tryAdvance}.
+     * The extending class should override
+     * {@link #forEachRemaining(java.util.function.Consumer) forEach} if it can
+     * provide a more performant implementation.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This class is a useful aid for creating a spliterator when it is not
+     * possible or difficult to efficiently partition elements in a manner
+     * allowing balanced parallel computation.
+     *
+     * <p>An alternative to using this class, that also permits limited
+     * parallelism, is to create a spliterator from an iterator
+     * (see {@link #spliterator(Iterator, long, int)}.  Depending on the
+     * circumstances using an iterator may be easier or more convenient than
+     * extending this class, such as when there is already an iterator
+     * available to use.
+     *
+     * @see #spliterator(Iterator, long, int)
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public static abstract class AbstractSpliterator<T> implements Spliterator<T> {
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = 1 << 10;  // batch array size increment
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = 1 << 25;  // max batch array size;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator reporting the given estimated size and
+         * additionalCharacteristics.
+         *
+         * @param est the estimated size of this spliterator if known, otherwise
+         *        {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         *        source or elements.  If {@code SIZED} is reported then this
+         *        spliterator will additionally report {@code SUBSIZED}.
+         */
+        protected AbstractSpliterator(long est, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.est = est;
+            this.characteristics = ((additionalCharacteristics & Spliterator.SIZED) != 0)
+                                   ? additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SUBSIZED
+                                   : additionalCharacteristics;
+        }
+
+        static final class HoldingConsumer<T> implements Consumer<T> {
+            Object value;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(T value) {
+                this.value = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * This implementation permits limited parallelism.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator<T> trySplit() {
+            /*
+             * Split into arrays of arithmetically increasing batch
+             * sizes.  This will only improve parallel performance if
+             * per-element Consumer actions are more costly than
+             * transferring them into an array.  The use of an
+             * arithmetic progression in split sizes provides overhead
+             * vs parallelism bounds that do not particularly favor or
+             * penalize cases of lightweight vs heavyweight element
+             * operations, across combinations of #elements vs #cores,
+             * whether or not either are known.  We generate
+             * O(sqrt(#elements)) splits, allowing O(sqrt(#cores))
+             * potential speedup.
+             */
+            HoldingConsumer<T> holder = new HoldingConsumer<>();
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && tryAdvance(holder)) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                Object[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new Object[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = holder.value; } while (++j < n && tryAdvance(holder));
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new ArraySpliterator<>(a, 0, j, characteristics());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the estimated size as reported when
+         * created and, if the estimate size is known, decreases in size when
+         * split.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the characteristics as reported when
+         * created.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An abstract {@code Spliterator.OfInt} that implements {@code trySplit} to
+     * permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>To implement a spliterator an extending class need only
+     * implement {@link #tryAdvance(java.util.function.IntConsumer)}
+     * tryAdvance}.  The extending class should override
+     * {@link #forEachRemaining(java.util.function.IntConsumer)} forEach} if it
+     * can provide a more performant implementation.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This class is a useful aid for creating a spliterator when it is not
+     * possible or difficult to efficiently partition elements in a manner
+     * allowing balanced parallel computation.
+     *
+     * <p>An alternative to using this class, that also permits limited
+     * parallelism, is to create a spliterator from an iterator
+     * (see {@link #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfInt, long, int)}.
+     * Depending on the circumstances using an iterator may be easier or more
+     * convenient than extending this class. For example, if there is already an
+     * iterator available to use then there is no need to extend this class.
+     *
+     * @see #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfInt, long, int)
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public static abstract class AbstractIntSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfInt {
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = AbstractSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = AbstractSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator reporting the given estimated size and
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param est the estimated size of this spliterator if known, otherwise
+         *        {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         *        source or elements.  If {@code SIZED} is reported then this
+         *        spliterator will additionally report {@code SUBSIZED}.
+         */
+        protected AbstractIntSpliterator(long est, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.est = est;
+            this.characteristics = ((additionalCharacteristics & Spliterator.SIZED) != 0)
+                                   ? additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SUBSIZED
+                                   : additionalCharacteristics;
+        }
+
+        static final class HoldingIntConsumer implements IntConsumer {
+            int value;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(int value) {
+                this.value = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * This implementation permits limited parallelism.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator.OfInt trySplit() {
+            HoldingIntConsumer holder = new HoldingIntConsumer();
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && tryAdvance(holder)) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                int[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new int[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = holder.value; } while (++j < n && tryAdvance(holder));
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new IntArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the estimated size as reported when
+         * created and, if the estimate size is known, decreases in size when
+         * split.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the characteristics as reported when
+         * created.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An abstract {@code Spliterator.OfLong} that implements {@code trySplit}
+     * to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>To implement a spliterator an extending class need only
+     * implement {@link #tryAdvance(java.util.function.LongConsumer)}
+     * tryAdvance}.  The extending class should override
+     * {@link #forEachRemaining(java.util.function.LongConsumer)} forEach} if it
+     * can provide a more performant implementation.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This class is a useful aid for creating a spliterator when it is not
+     * possible or difficult to efficiently partition elements in a manner
+     * allowing balanced parallel computation.
+     *
+     * <p>An alternative to using this class, that also permits limited
+     * parallelism, is to create a spliterator from an iterator
+     * (see {@link #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfLong, long, int)}.
+     * Depending on the circumstances using an iterator may be easier or more
+     * convenient than extending this class. For example, if there is already an
+     * iterator available to use then there is no need to extend this class.
+     *
+     * @see #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfLong, long, int)
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public static abstract class AbstractLongSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfLong {
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = AbstractSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = AbstractSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator reporting the given estimated size and
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param est the estimated size of this spliterator if known, otherwise
+         *        {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         *        source or elements.  If {@code SIZED} is reported then this
+         *        spliterator will additionally report {@code SUBSIZED}.
+         */
+        protected AbstractLongSpliterator(long est, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.est = est;
+            this.characteristics = ((additionalCharacteristics & Spliterator.SIZED) != 0)
+                                   ? additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SUBSIZED
+                                   : additionalCharacteristics;
+        }
+
+        static final class HoldingLongConsumer implements LongConsumer {
+            long value;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(long value) {
+                this.value = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * This implementation permits limited parallelism.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator.OfLong trySplit() {
+            HoldingLongConsumer holder = new HoldingLongConsumer();
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && tryAdvance(holder)) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                long[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new long[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = holder.value; } while (++j < n && tryAdvance(holder));
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new LongArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the estimated size as reported when
+         * created and, if the estimate size is known, decreases in size when
+         * split.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the characteristics as reported when
+         * created.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An abstract {@code Spliterator.OfDouble} that implements
+     * {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism.
+     *
+     * <p>To implement a spliterator an extending class need only
+     * implement {@link #tryAdvance(java.util.function.DoubleConsumer)}
+     * tryAdvance}.  The extending class should override
+     * {@link #forEachRemaining(java.util.function.DoubleConsumer)} forEach} if
+     * it can provide a more performant implementation.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This class is a useful aid for creating a spliterator when it is not
+     * possible or difficult to efficiently partition elements in a manner
+     * allowing balanced parallel computation.
+     *
+     * <p>An alternative to using this class, that also permits limited
+     * parallelism, is to create a spliterator from an iterator
+     * (see {@link #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble, long, int)}.
+     * Depending on the circumstances using an iterator may be easier or more
+     * convenient than extending this class. For example, if there is already an
+     * iterator available to use then there is no need to extend this class.
+     *
+     * @see #spliterator(java.util.PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble, long, int)
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public static abstract class AbstractDoubleSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfDouble {
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = AbstractSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = AbstractSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator reporting the given estimated size and
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param est the estimated size of this spliterator if known, otherwise
+         *        {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
+         * @param additionalCharacteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         *        source or elements.  If {@code SIZED} is reported then this
+         *        spliterator will additionally report {@code SUBSIZED}.
+         */
+        protected AbstractDoubleSpliterator(long est, int additionalCharacteristics) {
+            this.est = est;
+            this.characteristics = ((additionalCharacteristics & Spliterator.SIZED) != 0)
+                                   ? additionalCharacteristics | Spliterator.SUBSIZED
+                                   : additionalCharacteristics;
+        }
+
+        static final class HoldingDoubleConsumer implements DoubleConsumer {
+            double value;
+
+            @Override
+            public void accept(double value) {
+                this.value = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * This implementation permits limited parallelism.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator.OfDouble trySplit() {
+            HoldingDoubleConsumer holder = new HoldingDoubleConsumer();
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && tryAdvance(holder)) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                double[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new double[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = holder.value; } while (++j < n && tryAdvance(holder));
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new DoubleArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the estimated size as reported when
+         * created and, if the estimate size is known, decreases in size when
+         * split.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * {@inheritDoc}
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * This implementation returns the characteristics as reported when
+         * created.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() {
+            return characteristics;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Iterator-based Spliterators
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator using a given Iterator for element
+     * operations. The spliterator implements {@code trySplit} to
+     * permit limited parallelism.
+     */
+    static class IteratorSpliterator<T> implements Spliterator<T> {
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = 1 << 10;  // batch array size increment
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = 1 << 25;  // max batch array size;
+        private final Collection<? extends T> collection; // null OK
+        private Iterator<? extends T> it;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given given
+         * collection's {@link java.util.Collection#iterator()) for traversal,
+         * and reporting its {@link java.util.Collection#size()) as its initial
+         * size.
+         *
+         * @param c the collection
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         *        source or elements.
+         */
+        public IteratorSpliterator(Collection<? extends T> collection, int characteristics) {
+            this.collection = collection;
+            this.it = null;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator
+         * for traversal, and reporting the given initial size
+         * and characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param size the number of elements in the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public IteratorSpliterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, long size, int characteristics) {
+            this.collection = null;
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = size;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator
+         * for traversal, and reporting the given initial size
+         * and characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public IteratorSpliterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, int characteristics) {
+            this.collection = null;
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics & ~(Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Spliterator<T> trySplit() {
+            /*
+             * Split into arrays of arithmetically increasing batch
+             * sizes.  This will only improve parallel performance if
+             * per-element Consumer actions are more costly than
+             * transferring them into an array.  The use of an
+             * arithmetic progression in split sizes provides overhead
+             * vs parallelism bounds that do not particularly favor or
+             * penalize cases of lightweight vs heavyweight element
+             * operations, across combinations of #elements vs #cores,
+             * whether or not either are known.  We generate
+             * O(sqrt(#elements)) splits, allowing O(sqrt(#cores))
+             * potential speedup.
+             */
+            Iterator<? extends T> i;
+            long s;
+            if ((i = it) == null) {
+                i = it = collection.iterator();
+                s = est = (long) collection.size();
+            }
+            else
+                s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && i.hasNext()) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                Object[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new Object[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = i.next(); } while (++j < n && i.hasNext());
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new ArraySpliterator<>(a, 0, j, characteristics);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super T> action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            Iterator<? extends T> i;
+            if ((i = it) == null) {
+                i = it = collection.iterator();
+                est = (long)collection.size();
+            }
+            i.forEachRemaining(action);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (it == null) {
+                it = collection.iterator();
+                est = (long) collection.size();
+            }
+            if (it.hasNext()) {
+                action.accept(it.next());
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            if (it == null) {
+                it = collection.iterator();
+                return est = (long)collection.size();
+            }
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() { return characteristics; }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super T> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Spliterator.OfInt using a given IntStream.IntIterator for element
+     * operations. The spliterator implements {@code trySplit} to
+     * permit limited parallelism.
+     */
+    static final class IntIteratorSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfInt {
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = IteratorSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = IteratorSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        private PrimitiveIterator.OfInt it;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator
+         * for traversal, and reporting the given initial size
+         * and characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param size the number of elements in the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public IntIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator, long size, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = size;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator for a
+         * source of unknown size, reporting the given
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public IntIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics & ~(Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfInt trySplit() {
+            PrimitiveIterator.OfInt i = it;
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && i.hasNext()) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                int[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new int[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = i.nextInt(); } while (++j < n && i.hasNext());
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new IntArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(IntConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            it.forEachRemaining(action);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(IntConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (it.hasNext()) {
+                action.accept(it.nextInt());
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() { return characteristics; }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Integer> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final class LongIteratorSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfLong {
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = IteratorSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = IteratorSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        private PrimitiveIterator.OfLong it;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator
+         * for traversal, and reporting the given initial size
+         * and characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param size the number of elements in the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public LongIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfLong iterator, long size, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = size;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator for a
+         * source of unknown size, reporting the given
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public LongIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfLong iterator, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics & ~(Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfLong trySplit() {
+            PrimitiveIterator.OfLong i = it;
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && i.hasNext()) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                long[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new long[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = i.nextLong(); } while (++j < n && i.hasNext());
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new LongArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(LongConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            it.forEachRemaining(action);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(LongConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (it.hasNext()) {
+                action.accept(it.nextLong());
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() { return characteristics; }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Long> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final class DoubleIteratorSpliterator implements Spliterator.OfDouble {
+        static final int BATCH_UNIT = IteratorSpliterator.BATCH_UNIT;
+        static final int MAX_BATCH = IteratorSpliterator.MAX_BATCH;
+        private PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble it;
+        private final int characteristics;
+        private long est;             // size estimate
+        private int batch;            // batch size for splits
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator
+         * for traversal, and reporting the given initial size
+         * and characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param size the number of elements in the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public DoubleIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble iterator, long size, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = size;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a spliterator using the given iterator for a
+         * source of unknown size, reporting the given
+         * characteristics.
+         *
+         * @param iterator the iterator for the source
+         * @param characteristics properties of this spliterator's
+         * source or elements.
+         */
+        public DoubleIteratorSpliterator(PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble iterator, int characteristics) {
+            this.it = iterator;
+            this.est = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+            this.characteristics = characteristics & ~(Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OfDouble trySplit() {
+            PrimitiveIterator.OfDouble i = it;
+            long s = est;
+            if (s > 1 && i.hasNext()) {
+                int n = batch + BATCH_UNIT;
+                if (n > s)
+                    n = (int) s;
+                if (n > MAX_BATCH)
+                    n = MAX_BATCH;
+                double[] a;
+                try {
+                    a = new double[n];
+                } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                int j = 0;
+                do { a[j] = i.nextDouble(); } while (++j < n && i.hasNext());
+                batch = j;
+                if (est != Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                    est -= j;
+                return new DoubleArraySpliterator(a, 0, j, characteristics);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void forEachRemaining(DoubleConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            it.forEachRemaining(action);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean tryAdvance(DoubleConsumer action) {
+            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+            if (it.hasNext()) {
+                action.accept(it.nextDouble());
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long estimateSize() {
+            return est;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int characteristics() { return characteristics; }
+
+        @Override
+        public Comparator<? super Double> getComparator() {
+            if (hasCharacteristics(Spliterator.SORTED))
+                return null;
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+}