jaxp/src/com/sun/org/apache/xml/internal/serialize/BaseMarkupSerializer.java
changeset 12457 c348e06f0e82
parent 6 7f561c08de6b
child 23777 ce87cedb71cf
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jaxp/src/com/sun/org/apache/xml/internal/serialize/BaseMarkupSerializer.java	Thu Apr 12 08:38:26 2012 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,1968 @@
+/*
+ * reserved comment block
+ * DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER!
+ */
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2002,2004,2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+// Sep 14, 2000:
+//  Fixed comments to preserve whitespaces and add a line break
+//  when indenting. Reported by Gervase Markham <gerv@gerv.net>
+// Sep 14, 2000:
+//  Fixed serializer to report IO exception directly, instead at
+//  the end of document processing.
+//  Reported by Patrick Higgins <phiggins@transzap.com>
+// Sep 13, 2000:
+//   CR in character data will print as &#0D;
+// Aug 25, 2000:
+//   Fixed processing instruction printing inside element content
+//   to not escape content. Reported by Mikael Staldal
+//   <d96-mst@d.kth.se>
+// Aug 25, 2000:
+//   Added ability to omit comments.
+//   Contributed by Anupam Bagchi <abagchi@jtcsv.com>
+// Aug 26, 2000:
+//   Fixed bug in newline handling when preserving spaces.
+//   Contributed by Mike Dusseault <mdusseault@home.com>
+// Aug 29, 2000:
+//   Fixed state.unescaped not being set to false when
+//   entering element state.
+//   Reported by Lowell Vaughn <lvaughn@agillion.com>
+
+
+package com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serialize;
+
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
+import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.dom.DOMErrorImpl;
+import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.dom.DOMLocatorImpl;
+import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.dom.DOMMessageFormatter;
+import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.XMLChar;
+import org.w3c.dom.DOMImplementation;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment;
+import org.w3c.dom.DocumentType;
+import org.w3c.dom.DOMError;
+import org.w3c.dom.DOMErrorHandler;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Entity;
+import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+import org.w3c.dom.Notation;
+import org.w3c.dom.ls.LSException;
+import org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializerFilter;
+import org.w3c.dom.traversal.NodeFilter;
+import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
+import org.xml.sax.DTDHandler;
+import org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler;
+import org.xml.sax.Locator;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+import org.xml.sax.ext.DeclHandler;
+import org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for a serializer supporting both DOM and SAX pretty
+ * serializing of XML/HTML/XHTML documents. Derives classes perform
+ * the method-specific serializing, this class provides the common
+ * serializing mechanisms.
+ * <p>
+ * The serializer must be initialized with the proper writer and
+ * output format before it can be used by calling {@link #setOutputCharStream}
+ * or {@link #setOutputByteStream} for the writer and {@link #setOutputFormat}
+ * for the output format.
+ * <p>
+ * The serializer can be reused any number of times, but cannot
+ * be used concurrently by two threads.
+ * <p>
+ * If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
+ * output format (defaults to <tt>UTF-8</tt>). If a writer is
+ * used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
+ * as specified in the output format.
+ * <p>
+ * The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. DOM serializing is done
+ * by calling {@link #serialize(Document)} and SAX serializing is done by firing
+ * SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler.
+ * This also applies to derived class.
+ * <p>
+ * If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer
+ * will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it
+ * at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's {@link
+ * org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler#endDocument}.
+ * <p>
+ * For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
+ * the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
+ * boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
+ * lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
+ * spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
+ * <p>
+ * When indenting, the serializer is capable of detecting seemingly
+ * element content, and serializing these elements indented on separate
+ * lines. An element is serialized indented when it is the first or
+ * last child of an element, or immediate following or preceding
+ * another element.
+ *
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:arkin@intalio.com">Assaf Arkin</a>
+ * @author <a href="mailto:rahul.srivastava@sun.com">Rahul Srivastava</a>
+ * @author Elena Litani, IBM
+ * @author Sunitha Reddy, Sun Microsystems
+ * @see Serializer
+ * @see LSSerializer
+ */
+public abstract class BaseMarkupSerializer
+    implements ContentHandler, DocumentHandler, LexicalHandler,
+               DTDHandler, DeclHandler, DOMSerializer, Serializer
+{
+
+    // DOM L3 implementation
+    protected short features = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    protected DOMErrorHandler fDOMErrorHandler;
+    protected final DOMErrorImpl fDOMError = new DOMErrorImpl();
+    protected LSSerializerFilter fDOMFilter;
+
+    protected EncodingInfo _encodingInfo;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Holds array of all element states that have been entered.
+     * The array is automatically resized. When leaving an element,
+     * it's state is not removed but reused when later returning
+     * to the same nesting level.
+     */
+    private ElementState[]  _elementStates;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The index of the next state to place in the array,
+     * or one plus the index of the current state. When zero,
+     * we are in no state.
+     */
+    private int             _elementStateCount;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Vector holding comments and PIs that come before the root
+     * element (even after it), see {@link #serializePreRoot}.
+     */
+    private Vector          _preRoot;
+
+
+    /**
+     * If the document has been started (header serialized), this
+     * flag is set to true so it's not started twice.
+     */
+    protected boolean       _started;
+
+
+    /**
+     * True if the serializer has been prepared. This flag is set
+     * to false when the serializer is reset prior to using it,
+     * and to true after it has been prepared for usage.
+     */
+    private boolean         _prepared;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Association between namespace URIs (keys) and prefixes (values).
+     * Accumulated here prior to starting an element and placing this
+     * list in the element state.
+     */
+    protected Hashtable     _prefixes;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The system identifier of the document type, if known.
+     */
+    protected String        _docTypePublicId;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The system identifier of the document type, if known.
+     */
+    protected String        _docTypeSystemId;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The output format associated with this serializer. This will never
+     * be a null reference. If no format was passed to the constructor,
+     * the default one for this document type will be used. The format
+     * object is never changed by the serializer.
+     */
+    protected OutputFormat   _format;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The printer used for printing text parts.
+     */
+    protected Printer       _printer;
+
+
+    /**
+     * True if indenting printer.
+     */
+    protected boolean       _indenting;
+
+    /** Temporary buffer to store character data */
+    protected final StringBuffer fStrBuffer = new StringBuffer(40);
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying writer.
+     */
+    private Writer          _writer;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The output stream.
+     */
+    private OutputStream    _output;
+
+    /** Current node that is being processed  */
+    protected Node fCurrentNode = null;
+
+
+
+    //--------------------------------//
+    // Constructor and initialization //
+    //--------------------------------//
+
+
+    /**
+     * Protected constructor can only be used by derived class.
+     * Must initialize the serializer before serializing any document,
+     * by calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
+                 * first
+     */
+    protected BaseMarkupSerializer( OutputFormat format )
+    {
+        int i;
+
+        _elementStates = new ElementState[ 10 ];
+        for ( i = 0 ; i < _elementStates.length ; ++i )
+            _elementStates[ i ] = new ElementState();
+        _format = format;
+    }
+
+
+    public DocumentHandler asDocumentHandler()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        prepare();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    public ContentHandler asContentHandler()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        prepare();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    public DOMSerializer asDOMSerializer()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        prepare();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    public void setOutputByteStream( OutputStream output )
+    {
+        if ( output == null ) {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                                           "ArgumentIsNull", new Object[]{"output"});
+            throw new NullPointerException(msg);
+        }
+        _output = output;
+        _writer = null;
+        reset();
+    }
+
+
+    public void setOutputCharStream( Writer writer )
+    {
+        if ( writer == null ) {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                                           "ArgumentIsNull", new Object[]{"writer"});
+            throw new NullPointerException(msg);
+        }
+        _writer = writer;
+        _output = null;
+        reset();
+    }
+
+
+    public void setOutputFormat( OutputFormat format )
+    {
+        if ( format == null ) {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                                           "ArgumentIsNull", new Object[]{"format"});
+            throw new NullPointerException(msg);
+        }
+        _format = format;
+        reset();
+    }
+
+
+    public boolean reset()
+    {
+        if ( _elementStateCount > 1 ) {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                                           "ResetInMiddle", null);
+            throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
+        }
+        _prepared = false;
+        fCurrentNode = null;
+        fStrBuffer.setLength(0);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    protected void prepare()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        if ( _prepared )
+            return;
+
+        if ( _writer == null && _output == null ) {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                                           "NoWriterSupplied", null);
+            throw new IOException(msg);
+        }
+        // If the output stream has been set, use it to construct
+        // the writer. It is possible that the serializer has been
+        // reused with the same output stream and different encoding.
+
+        _encodingInfo = _format.getEncodingInfo();
+
+        if ( _output != null ) {
+            _writer = _encodingInfo.getWriter(_output);
+        }
+
+        if ( _format.getIndenting() ) {
+            _indenting = true;
+            _printer = new IndentPrinter( _writer, _format );
+        } else {
+            _indenting = false;
+            _printer = new Printer( _writer, _format );
+        }
+
+        ElementState state;
+
+        _elementStateCount = 0;
+        state = _elementStates[ 0 ];
+        state.namespaceURI = null;
+        state.localName = null;
+        state.rawName = null;
+        state.preserveSpace = _format.getPreserveSpace();
+        state.empty = true;
+        state.afterElement = false;
+        state.afterComment = false;
+        state.doCData = state.inCData = false;
+        state.prefixes = null;
+
+        _docTypePublicId = _format.getDoctypePublic();
+        _docTypeSystemId = _format.getDoctypeSystem();
+        _started = false;
+        _prepared = true;
+    }
+
+
+
+    //----------------------------------//
+    // DOM document serializing methods //
+    //----------------------------------//
+
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the DOM element using the previously specified
+     * writer and output format. Throws an exception only if
+     * an I/O exception occured while serializing.
+     *
+     * @param elem The element to serialize
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    public void serialize( Element elem )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        reset();
+        prepare();
+        serializeNode( elem );
+        _printer.flush();
+        if ( _printer.getException() != null )
+            throw _printer.getException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes a node using the previously specified
+     * writer and output format. Throws an exception only if
+     * an I/O exception occured while serializing.
+     *
+     * @param node Node to serialize
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while serializing
+     */
+    public void serialize( Node node ) throws IOException {
+        reset();
+        prepare();
+        serializeNode( node );
+        //Print any PIs and Comments which appeared in 'node'
+        serializePreRoot();
+        _printer.flush();
+        if ( _printer.getException() != null )
+            throw _printer.getException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the DOM document fragmnt using the previously specified
+     * writer and output format. Throws an exception only if
+     * an I/O exception occured while serializing.
+     *
+     * @param elem The element to serialize
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    public void serialize( DocumentFragment frag )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        reset();
+        prepare();
+        serializeNode( frag );
+        _printer.flush();
+        if ( _printer.getException() != null )
+            throw _printer.getException();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the DOM document using the previously specified
+     * writer and output format. Throws an exception only if
+     * an I/O exception occured while serializing.
+     *
+     * @param doc The document to serialize
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    public void serialize( Document doc )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        reset();
+        prepare();
+        serializeNode( doc );
+        serializePreRoot();
+        _printer.flush();
+        if ( _printer.getException() != null )
+            throw _printer.getException();
+    }
+
+
+    //------------------------------------------//
+    // SAX document handler serializing methods //
+    //------------------------------------------//
+
+
+    public void startDocument()
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+            prepare();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except.toString() );
+        }
+        // Nothing to do here. All the magic happens in startDocument(String)
+    }
+
+
+    public void characters( char[] chars, int start, int length )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        try {
+        state = content();
+
+        // Check if text should be print as CDATA section or unescaped
+        // based on elements listed in the output format (the element
+        // state) or whether we are inside a CDATA section or entity.
+
+        if ( state.inCData || state.doCData ) {
+            int          saveIndent;
+
+            // Print a CDATA section. The text is not escaped, but ']]>'
+            // appearing in the code must be identified and dealt with.
+            // The contents of a text node is considered space preserving.
+            if ( ! state.inCData ) {
+                _printer.printText( "<![CDATA[" );
+                state.inCData = true;
+            }
+            saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
+            _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
+            char ch;
+            final int end = start + length;
+            for ( int index = start ; index < end; ++index ) {
+                ch = chars[index];
+                if ( ch == ']' && index + 2 < end &&
+                     chars[ index + 1 ] == ']' && chars[ index + 2 ] == '>' ) {
+                    _printer.printText("]]]]><![CDATA[>");
+                    index +=2;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
+                    // check if it is surrogate
+                    if (++index < end) {
+                        surrogates(ch, chars[index]);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        fatalError("The character '"+(char)ch+"' is an invalid XML character");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    if ( ( ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char)ch) && ch != 0xF7 ) ||
+                        ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' ) {
+                        _printer.printText((char)ch);
+                    } else {
+                        // The character is not printable -- split CDATA section
+                        _printer.printText("]]>&#x");
+                        _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(ch));
+                        _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );
+
+        } else {
+
+            int saveIndent;
+
+            if ( state.preserveSpace ) {
+                // If preserving space then hold of indentation so no
+                // excessive spaces are printed at line breaks, escape
+                // the text content without replacing spaces and print
+                // the text breaking only at line breaks.
+                saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
+                _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
+                printText( chars, start, length, true, state.unescaped );
+                _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );
+            } else {
+                printText( chars, start, length, false, state.unescaped );
+            }
+        }
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void ignorableWhitespace( char[] chars, int start, int length )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        int i;
+
+        try {
+        content();
+
+        // Print ignorable whitespaces only when indenting, after
+        // all they are indentation. Cancel the indentation to
+        // not indent twice.
+        if ( _indenting ) {
+            _printer.setThisIndent( 0 );
+            for ( i = start ; length-- > 0 ; ++i )
+                _printer.printText( chars[ i ] );
+        }
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public final void processingInstruction( String target, String code )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+            processingInstructionIO( target, code );
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+        throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void processingInstructionIO( String target, String code )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int          index;
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = content();
+
+        // Create the processing instruction textual representation.
+        // Make sure we don't have '?>' inside either target or code.
+        index = target.indexOf( "?>" );
+        if ( index >= 0 )
+            fStrBuffer.append( "<?" ).append( target.substring( 0, index ) );
+        else
+            fStrBuffer.append( "<?" ).append( target );
+        if ( code != null ) {
+            fStrBuffer.append( ' ' );
+            index = code.indexOf( "?>" );
+            if ( index >= 0 )
+                fStrBuffer.append( code.substring( 0, index ) );
+            else
+                fStrBuffer.append( code );
+        }
+        fStrBuffer.append( "?>" );
+
+        // If before the root element (or after it), do not print
+        // the PI directly but place it in the pre-root vector.
+        if ( isDocumentState() ) {
+            if ( _preRoot == null )
+                _preRoot = new Vector();
+            _preRoot.addElement( fStrBuffer.toString() );
+        } else {
+            _printer.indent();
+            printText( fStrBuffer.toString(), true, true );
+            _printer.unindent();
+            if ( _indenting )
+            state.afterElement = true;
+        }
+
+        fStrBuffer.setLength(0);
+    }
+
+
+    public void comment( char[] chars, int start, int length )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        comment( new String( chars, start, length ) );
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+    }
+    }
+
+
+    public void comment( String text )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int          index;
+        ElementState state;
+
+        if ( _format.getOmitComments() )
+            return;
+
+        state  = content();
+        // Create the processing comment textual representation.
+        // Make sure we don't have '-->' inside the comment.
+        index = text.indexOf( "-->" );
+        if ( index >= 0 )
+            fStrBuffer.append( "<!--" ).append( text.substring( 0, index ) ).append( "-->" );
+        else
+            fStrBuffer.append( "<!--" ).append( text ).append( "-->" );
+
+        // If before the root element (or after it), do not print
+        // the comment directly but place it in the pre-root vector.
+        if ( isDocumentState() ) {
+            if ( _preRoot == null )
+                _preRoot = new Vector();
+            _preRoot.addElement( fStrBuffer.toString() );
+        } else {
+            // Indent this element on a new line if the first
+            // content of the parent element or immediately
+            // following an element.
+            if ( _indenting && ! state.preserveSpace)
+                _printer.breakLine();
+                                                _printer.indent();
+            printText( fStrBuffer.toString(), true, true );
+                                                _printer.unindent();
+            if ( _indenting )
+                state.afterElement = true;
+        }
+
+        fStrBuffer.setLength(0);
+        state.afterComment = true;
+        state.afterElement = false;
+    }
+
+
+    public void startCDATA()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.doCData = true;
+    }
+
+
+    public void endCDATA()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.doCData = false;
+    }
+
+
+    public void startNonEscaping()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.unescaped = true;
+    }
+
+
+    public void endNonEscaping()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.unescaped = false;
+    }
+
+
+    public void startPreserving()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.preserveSpace = true;
+    }
+
+
+    public void endPreserving()
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        state.preserveSpace = false;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Called at the end of the document to wrap it up.
+     * Will flush the output stream and throw an exception
+     * if any I/O error occured while serializing.
+     *
+     * @throws SAXException An I/O exception occured during
+     *  serializing
+     */
+    public void endDocument()
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        // Print all the elements accumulated outside of
+        // the root element.
+        serializePreRoot();
+        // Flush the output, this is necessary for fStrBuffered output.
+        _printer.flush();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+    }
+    }
+
+
+    public void startEntity( String name )
+    {
+        // ???
+    }
+
+
+    public void endEntity( String name )
+    {
+        // ???
+    }
+
+
+    public void setDocumentLocator( Locator locator )
+    {
+        // Nothing to do
+    }
+
+
+    //-----------------------------------------//
+    // SAX content handler serializing methods //
+    //-----------------------------------------//
+
+
+    public void skippedEntity ( String name )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        endCDATA();
+        content();
+        _printer.printText( '&' );
+        _printer.printText( name );
+        _printer.printText( ';' );
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+    }
+    }
+
+
+    public void startPrefixMapping( String prefix, String uri )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        if ( _prefixes == null )
+            _prefixes = new Hashtable();
+        _prefixes.put( uri, prefix == null ? "" : prefix );
+    }
+
+
+    public void endPrefixMapping( String prefix )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    //------------------------------------------//
+    // SAX DTD/Decl handler serializing methods //
+    //------------------------------------------//
+
+
+    public final void startDTD( String name, String publicId, String systemId )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        _docTypePublicId = publicId;
+        _docTypeSystemId = systemId;
+
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void endDTD()
+    {
+        // Nothing to do here, all the magic occurs in startDocument(String).
+    }
+
+
+    public void elementDecl( String name, String model )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        _printer.printText( "<!ELEMENT " );
+        _printer.printText( name );
+        _printer.printText( ' ' );
+        _printer.printText( model );
+        _printer.printText( '>' );
+        if ( _indenting )
+            _printer.breakLine();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void attributeDecl( String eName, String aName, String type,
+                               String valueDefault, String value )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        _printer.printText( "<!ATTLIST " );
+        _printer.printText( eName );
+        _printer.printText( ' ' );
+        _printer.printText( aName );
+        _printer.printText( ' ' );
+        _printer.printText( type );
+        if ( valueDefault != null ) {
+            _printer.printText( ' ' );
+            _printer.printText( valueDefault );
+        }
+        if ( value != null ) {
+            _printer.printText( " \"" );
+            printEscaped( value );
+            _printer.printText( '"' );
+        }
+        _printer.printText( '>' );
+        if ( _indenting )
+            _printer.breakLine();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+    }
+    }
+
+
+    public void internalEntityDecl( String name, String value )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        _printer.printText( "<!ENTITY " );
+        _printer.printText( name );
+        _printer.printText( " \"" );
+        printEscaped( value );
+        _printer.printText( "\">" );
+        if ( _indenting )
+            _printer.breakLine();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void externalEntityDecl( String name, String publicId, String systemId )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        unparsedEntityDecl( name, publicId, systemId, null );
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void unparsedEntityDecl( String name, String publicId,
+                                    String systemId, String notationName )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        if ( publicId == null ) {
+            _printer.printText( "<!ENTITY " );
+            _printer.printText( name );
+            _printer.printText( " SYSTEM " );
+            printDoctypeURL( systemId );
+        } else {
+            _printer.printText( "<!ENTITY " );
+            _printer.printText( name );
+            _printer.printText( " PUBLIC " );
+            printDoctypeURL( publicId );
+            _printer.printText( ' ' );
+            printDoctypeURL( systemId );
+        }
+        if ( notationName != null ) {
+            _printer.printText( " NDATA " );
+            _printer.printText( notationName );
+        }
+        _printer.printText( '>' );
+        if ( _indenting )
+            _printer.breakLine();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+    }
+    }
+
+
+    public void notationDecl( String name, String publicId, String systemId )
+        throws SAXException
+    {
+        try {
+        _printer.enterDTD();
+        if ( publicId != null ) {
+            _printer.printText( "<!NOTATION " );
+            _printer.printText( name );
+            _printer.printText( " PUBLIC " );
+            printDoctypeURL( publicId );
+            if ( systemId != null ) {
+                _printer.printText( ' ' );
+                printDoctypeURL( systemId );
+            }
+        } else {
+            _printer.printText( "<!NOTATION " );
+            _printer.printText( name );
+            _printer.printText( " SYSTEM " );
+            printDoctypeURL( systemId );
+        }
+        _printer.printText( '>' );
+        if ( _indenting )
+            _printer.breakLine();
+        } catch ( IOException except ) {
+            throw new SAXException( except );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    //------------------------------------------//
+    // Generic node serializing methods methods //
+    //------------------------------------------//
+
+
+    /**
+     * Serialize the DOM node. This method is shared across XML, HTML and XHTML
+     * serializers and the differences are masked out in a separate {@link
+     * #serializeElement}.
+     *
+     * @param node The node to serialize
+     * @see #serializeElement
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    protected void serializeNode( Node node )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        fCurrentNode = node;
+
+        // Based on the node type call the suitable SAX handler.
+        // Only comments entities and documents which are not
+        // handled by SAX are serialized directly.
+        switch ( node.getNodeType() ) {
+        case Node.TEXT_NODE : {
+            String text;
+
+            text = node.getNodeValue();
+            if ( text != null ) {
+                if (fDOMFilter !=null &&
+                    (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT)!= 0) {
+                    short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                    switch (code) {
+                        case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT:
+                        case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default: {
+                            characters(text);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if ( !_indenting || getElementState().preserveSpace
+                     || (text.replace('\n',' ').trim().length() != 0))
+                    characters( text );
+
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE : {
+            String text = node.getNodeValue();
+            if ((features & DOMSerializerImpl.CDATA) != 0) {
+                if (text != null) {
+                    if (fDOMFilter != null
+                        && (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow()
+                            & NodeFilter.SHOW_CDATA_SECTION)
+                            != 0) {
+                        short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                        switch (code) {
+                            case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT :
+                            case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP :
+                                {
+                                    // skip the CDATA node
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                            default :
+                                {
+                                    //fall through..
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    startCDATA();
+                    characters(text);
+                    endCDATA();
+                }
+            } else {
+                // transform into a text node
+                characters(text);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case Node.COMMENT_NODE : {
+            String text;
+
+            if ( ! _format.getOmitComments() ) {
+                text = node.getNodeValue();
+                if ( text != null ) {
+
+                    if (fDOMFilter !=null &&
+                          (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_COMMENT)!= 0) {
+                          short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                          switch (code) {
+                              case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT:
+                              case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: {
+                                  // skip the comment node
+                                  return;
+                              }
+                              default: {
+                                   // fall through
+                              }
+                          }
+                    }
+                    comment( text );
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Node.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE : {
+            Node         child;
+
+            endCDATA();
+            content();
+
+            if (((features & DOMSerializerImpl.ENTITIES) != 0)
+                || (node.getFirstChild() == null)) {
+                if (fDOMFilter !=null &&
+                      (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_ENTITY_REFERENCE)!= 0) {
+                      short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                      switch (code) {
+                        case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT:{
+                            return; // remove the node
+                          }
+                          case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: {
+                              child = node.getFirstChild();
+                              while ( child != null ) {
+                                  serializeNode( child );
+                                  child = child.getNextSibling();
+                              }
+                              return;
+                          }
+
+                          default: {
+                               // fall through
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+                checkUnboundNamespacePrefixedNode(node);
+
+                _printer.printText("&");
+                _printer.printText(node.getNodeName());
+                _printer.printText(";");
+            }
+            else {
+                child = node.getFirstChild();
+                while ( child != null ) {
+                    serializeNode( child );
+                    child = child.getNextSibling();
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE : {
+
+            if (fDOMFilter !=null &&
+                  (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION)!= 0) {
+                  short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                  switch (code) {
+                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT:
+                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: {
+                          return;  // skip this node
+                    }
+                    default: { // fall through
+                    }
+                  }
+            }
+            processingInstructionIO( node.getNodeName(), node.getNodeValue() );
+            break;
+        }
+        case Node.ELEMENT_NODE :  {
+
+            if (fDOMFilter !=null &&
+                  (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT)!= 0) {
+                  short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(node);
+                  switch (code) {
+                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT: {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: {
+                        Node child = node.getFirstChild();
+                        while ( child != null ) {
+                            serializeNode( child );
+                            child = child.getNextSibling();
+                        }
+                        return;  // skip this node
+                    }
+
+                    default: { // fall through
+                    }
+                  }
+            }
+            serializeElement( (Element) node );
+            break;
+        }
+        case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE : {
+            DocumentType      docType;
+            DOMImplementation domImpl;
+            NamedNodeMap      map;
+            Entity            entity;
+            Notation          notation;
+            int               i;
+
+            serializeDocument();
+
+            // If there is a document type, use the SAX events to
+            // serialize it.
+            docType = ( (Document) node ).getDoctype();
+            if (docType != null) {
+                // DOM Level 2 (or higher)
+                domImpl = ( (Document) node ).getImplementation();
+                try {
+                    String internal;
+
+                    _printer.enterDTD();
+                    _docTypePublicId = docType.getPublicId();
+                    _docTypeSystemId = docType.getSystemId();
+                    internal = docType.getInternalSubset();
+                    if ( internal != null && internal.length() > 0 )
+                        _printer.printText( internal );
+                    endDTD();
+                }
+                // DOM Level 1 -- does implementation have methods?
+                catch (NoSuchMethodError nsme) {
+                    Class docTypeClass = docType.getClass();
+
+                    String docTypePublicId = null;
+                    String docTypeSystemId = null;
+                    try {
+                        java.lang.reflect.Method getPublicId = docTypeClass.getMethod("getPublicId", (Class[]) null);
+                        if (getPublicId.getReturnType().equals(String.class)) {
+                            docTypePublicId = (String)getPublicId.invoke(docType, (Object[]) null);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception e) {
+                        // ignore
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        java.lang.reflect.Method getSystemId = docTypeClass.getMethod("getSystemId", (Class[]) null);
+                        if (getSystemId.getReturnType().equals(String.class)) {
+                            docTypeSystemId = (String)getSystemId.invoke(docType, (Object[]) null);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception e) {
+                        // ignore
+                    }
+                    _printer.enterDTD();
+                    _docTypePublicId = docTypePublicId;
+                    _docTypeSystemId = docTypeSystemId;
+                    endDTD();
+                }
+
+                serializeDTD(docType.getName());
+
+            }
+            _started = true;
+
+            // !! Fall through
+        }
+        case Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE : {
+            Node         child;
+
+            // By definition this will happen if the node is a document,
+            // document fragment, etc. Just serialize its contents. It will
+            // work well for other nodes that we do not know how to serialize.
+            child = node.getFirstChild();
+            while ( child != null ) {
+                serializeNode( child );
+                child = child.getNextSibling();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* Serializes XML Declaration, according to 'xml-declaration' property.
+     */
+    protected void serializeDocument()throws IOException {
+        int    i;
+
+        String dtd = _printer.leaveDTD();
+        if (! _started) {
+
+            if (! _format.getOmitXMLDeclaration()) {
+                StringBuffer    buffer;
+
+                // Serialize the document declaration appreaing at the head
+                // of very XML document (unless asked not to).
+                buffer = new StringBuffer( "<?xml version=\"" );
+                if (_format.getVersion() != null)
+                    buffer.append( _format.getVersion() );
+                else
+                    buffer.append( "1.0" );
+                buffer.append( '"' );
+                String format_encoding =  _format.getEncoding();
+                if (format_encoding != null) {
+                    buffer.append( " encoding=\"" );
+                    buffer.append( format_encoding );
+                    buffer.append( '"' );
+                }
+                if (_format.getStandalone() && _docTypeSystemId == null &&
+                    _docTypePublicId == null)
+                    buffer.append( " standalone=\"yes\"" );
+                buffer.append( "?>" );
+                _printer.printText( buffer );
+                _printer.breakLine();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Always serialize these, even if not te first root element.
+        serializePreRoot();
+
+    }
+
+    /* Serializes DTD, if present.
+     */
+    protected void serializeDTD(String name) throws IOException{
+
+        String dtd = _printer.leaveDTD();
+        if (! _format.getOmitDocumentType()) {
+            if (_docTypeSystemId != null) {
+                // System identifier must be specified to print DOCTYPE.
+                // If public identifier is specified print 'PUBLIC
+                // <public> <system>', if not, print 'SYSTEM <system>'.
+                _printer.printText( "<!DOCTYPE " );
+                _printer.printText( name );
+                if (_docTypePublicId != null) {
+                    _printer.printText( " PUBLIC " );
+                    printDoctypeURL( _docTypePublicId );
+                    if (_indenting) {
+                        _printer.breakLine();
+                        for (int i = 0 ; i < 18 + name.length() ; ++i)
+                            _printer.printText( " " );
+                    } else
+                        _printer.printText( " " );
+                    printDoctypeURL( _docTypeSystemId );
+                } else {
+                    _printer.printText( " SYSTEM " );
+                    printDoctypeURL( _docTypeSystemId );
+                }
+
+                // If we accumulated any DTD contents while printing.
+                // this would be the place to print it.
+                if (dtd != null && dtd.length() > 0) {
+                    _printer.printText( " [" );
+                    printText( dtd, true, true );
+                    _printer.printText( ']' );
+                }
+
+                _printer.printText( ">" );
+                _printer.breakLine();
+            } else if (dtd != null && dtd.length() > 0) {
+                _printer.printText( "<!DOCTYPE " );
+                _printer.printText( name );
+                _printer.printText( " [" );
+                printText( dtd, true, true );
+                _printer.printText( "]>" );
+                _printer.breakLine();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by a method about to print any type of content.
+     * If the element was just opened, the opening tag is closed and
+     * will be matched to a closing tag. Returns the current element
+     * state with <tt>empty</tt> and <tt>afterElement</tt> set to false.
+     *
+     * @return The current element state
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    protected ElementState content()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = getElementState();
+        if ( ! isDocumentState() ) {
+            // Need to close CData section first
+            if ( state.inCData && ! state.doCData ) {
+                _printer.printText( "]]>" );
+                state.inCData = false;
+            }
+            // If this is the first content in the element,
+            // change the state to not-empty and close the
+            // opening element tag.
+            if ( state.empty ) {
+                _printer.printText( '>' );
+                state.empty = false;
+            }
+            // Except for one content type, all of them
+            // are not last element. That one content
+            // type will take care of itself.
+            state.afterElement = false;
+            // Except for one content type, all of them
+            // are not last comment. That one content
+            // type will take care of itself.
+            state.afterComment = false;
+        }
+        return state;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Called to print the text contents in the prevailing element format.
+     * Since this method is capable of printing text as CDATA, it is used
+     * for that purpose as well. White space handling is determined by the
+     * current element state. In addition, the output format can dictate
+     * whether the text is printed as CDATA or unescaped.
+     *
+     * @param text The text to print
+     * @param unescaped True is should print unescaped
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    protected void characters( String text )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        state = content();
+        // Check if text should be print as CDATA section or unescaped
+        // based on elements listed in the output format (the element
+        // state) or whether we are inside a CDATA section or entity.
+
+        if ( state.inCData || state.doCData ) {
+            int          index;
+            int          saveIndent;
+
+            // Print a CDATA section. The text is not escaped, but ']]>'
+            // appearing in the code must be identified and dealt with.
+            // The contents of a text node is considered space preserving.
+            if ( ! state.inCData ) {
+                _printer.printText("<![CDATA[");
+                state.inCData = true;
+            }
+            saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
+            _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
+            printCDATAText( text);
+            _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );
+
+        } else {
+
+            int saveIndent;
+
+            if ( state.preserveSpace ) {
+                // If preserving space then hold of indentation so no
+                // excessive spaces are printed at line breaks, escape
+                // the text content without replacing spaces and print
+                // the text breaking only at line breaks.
+                saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
+                _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
+                printText( text, true, state.unescaped );
+                _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );
+            } else {
+                printText( text, false, state.unescaped );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the suitable entity reference for this character value,
+     * or null if no such entity exists. Calling this method with <tt>'&amp;'</tt>
+     * will return <tt>"&amp;amp;"</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param ch Character value
+     * @return Character entity name, or null
+     */
+    protected abstract String getEntityRef( int ch );
+
+
+    /**
+     * Called to serializee the DOM element. The element is serialized based on
+     * the serializer's method (XML, HTML, XHTML).
+     *
+     * @param elem The element to serialize
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    protected abstract void serializeElement( Element elem )
+        throws IOException;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Comments and PIs cannot be serialized before the root element,
+     * because the root element serializes the document type, which
+     * generally comes first. Instead such PIs and comments are
+     * accumulated inside a vector and serialized by calling this
+     * method. Will be called when the root element is serialized
+     * and when the document finished serializing.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException An I/O exception occured while
+     *   serializing
+     */
+    protected void serializePreRoot()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int i;
+
+        if ( _preRoot != null ) {
+            for ( i = 0 ; i < _preRoot.size() ; ++i ) {
+                printText( (String) _preRoot.elementAt( i ), true, true );
+                if ( _indenting )
+                _printer.breakLine();
+            }
+            _preRoot.removeAllElements();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    //---------------------------------------------//
+    // Text pretty printing and formatting methods //
+    //---------------------------------------------//
+
+    protected void printCDATAText( String text ) throws IOException {
+        int length = text.length();
+        char ch;
+
+        for ( int index = 0 ; index <  length; ++index ) {
+            ch = text.charAt( index );
+            if (ch == ']'
+                && index + 2 < length
+                && text.charAt(index + 1) == ']'
+                && text.charAt(index + 2) == '>') { // check for ']]>'
+                if (fDOMErrorHandler != null) {
+                    // REVISIT: this means that if DOM Error handler is not registered we don't report any
+                    // fatal errors and might serialize not wellformed document
+                    if ((features & DOMSerializerImpl.SPLITCDATA) == 0) {
+                        String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
+                            DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                            "EndingCDATA",
+                            null);
+                        if ((features & DOMSerializerImpl.WELLFORMED) != 0) {
+                            // issue fatal error
+                            modifyDOMError(msg, DOMError.SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR, "wf-invalid-character", fCurrentNode);
+                            fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
+                            throw new LSException(LSException.SERIALIZE_ERR, msg);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            // issue error
+                            modifyDOMError(msg, DOMError.SEVERITY_ERROR, "cdata-section-not-splitted", fCurrentNode);
+                            if (!fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError)) {
+                                throw new LSException(LSException.SERIALIZE_ERR, msg);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // issue warning
+                        String msg =
+                            DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
+                                DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
+                                "SplittingCDATA",
+                                null);
+                        modifyDOMError(
+                            msg,
+                            DOMError.SEVERITY_WARNING,
+                            null, fCurrentNode);
+                        fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
+                    }
+                }
+                // split CDATA section
+                _printer.printText("]]]]><![CDATA[>");
+                index += 2;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
+                // check if it is surrogate
+                if (++index <length) {
+                    surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index));
+                }
+                else {
+                    fatalError("The character '"+(char)ch+"' is an invalid XML character");
+                }
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                if ( ( ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char)ch) && ch != 0xF7 ) ||
+                     ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' ) {
+                    _printer.printText((char)ch);
+                } else {
+
+                    // The character is not printable -- split CDATA section
+                    _printer.printText("]]>&#x");
+                    _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(ch));
+                    _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    protected void surrogates(int high, int low) throws IOException{
+        if (XMLChar.isHighSurrogate(high)) {
+            if (!XMLChar.isLowSurrogate(low)) {
+                //Invalid XML
+                fatalError("The character '"+(char)low+"' is an invalid XML character");
+            }
+            else {
+                int supplemental = XMLChar.supplemental((char)high, (char)low);
+                if (!XMLChar.isValid(supplemental)) {
+                    //Invalid XML
+                    fatalError("The character '"+(char)supplemental+"' is an invalid XML character");
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (content().inCData ) {
+                        _printer.printText("]]>&#x");
+                        _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(supplemental));
+                        _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        printHex(supplemental);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            fatalError("The character '"+(char)high+"' is an invalid XML character");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called to print additional text with whitespace handling.
+     * If spaces are preserved, the text is printed as if by calling
+     * {@link #printText(String,boolean,boolean)} with a call to {@link Printer#breakLine}
+     * for each new line. If spaces are not preserved, the text is
+     * broken at space boundaries if longer than the line width;
+     * Multiple spaces are printed as such, but spaces at beginning
+     * of line are removed.
+     *
+     * @param text The text to print
+     * @param preserveSpace Space preserving flag
+     * @param unescaped Print unescaped
+     */
+    protected void printText( char[] chars, int start, int length,
+                                    boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int index;
+        char ch;
+
+        if ( preserveSpace ) {
+            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
+            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
+            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
+            // break will occur.
+            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
+                ch = chars[ start ];
+                ++start;
+                if ( ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || unescaped )
+                    _printer.printText( ch );
+                else
+                    printEscaped( ch );
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
+            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
+            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
+            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
+            // no different than other text part.
+            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
+                ch = chars[ start ];
+                ++start;
+                if ( ch == ' ' || ch == '\f' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' )
+                    _printer.printSpace();
+                else if ( unescaped )
+                    _printer.printText( ch );
+                else
+                    printEscaped( ch );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    protected void printText( String text, boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int index;
+        char ch;
+
+        if ( preserveSpace ) {
+            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
+            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
+            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
+            // break will occur.
+            for ( index = 0 ; index < text.length() ; ++index ) {
+                ch = text.charAt( index );
+                if ( ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || unescaped )
+                    _printer.printText( ch );
+                else
+                    printEscaped( ch );
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
+            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
+            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
+            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
+            // no different than other text part.
+            for ( index = 0 ; index < text.length() ; ++index ) {
+                ch = text.charAt( index );
+                if ( ch == ' ' || ch == '\f' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' )
+                    _printer.printSpace();
+                else if ( unescaped )
+                    _printer.printText( ch );
+                else
+                    printEscaped( ch );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Print a document type public or system identifier URL.
+     * Encapsulates the URL in double quotes, escapes non-printing
+     * characters and print it equivalent to {@link #printText}.
+     *
+     * @param url The document type url to print
+     */
+    protected void printDoctypeURL( String url )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        int                i;
+
+        _printer.printText( '"' );
+        for( i = 0 ; i < url.length() ; ++i ) {
+            if ( url.charAt( i ) == '"' ||  url.charAt( i ) < 0x20 || url.charAt( i ) > 0x7F ) {
+                _printer.printText( '%' );
+                _printer.printText( Integer.toHexString( url.charAt( i ) ) );
+            } else
+                _printer.printText( url.charAt( i ) );
+        }
+        _printer.printText( '"' );
+    }
+
+
+    protected void printEscaped( int ch )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        String charRef;
+        // If there is a suitable entity reference for this
+        // character, print it. The list of available entity
+        // references is almost but not identical between
+        // XML and HTML.
+        charRef = getEntityRef( ch );
+        if ( charRef != null ) {
+            _printer.printText( '&' );
+            _printer.printText( charRef );
+            _printer.printText( ';' );
+        } else if ( ( ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char)ch) && ch != 0xF7 ) ||
+                    ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' ) {
+            // Non printables are below ASCII space but not tab or line
+            // terminator, ASCII delete, or above a certain Unicode threshold.
+            if (ch < 0x10000) {
+                _printer.printText((char)ch );
+            } else {
+                _printer.printText((char)(((ch-0x10000)>>10)+0xd800));
+                _printer.printText((char)(((ch-0x10000)&0x3ff)+0xdc00));
+            }
+        } else {
+                        printHex(ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+        /**
+         * Escapes chars
+         */
+         final void printHex( int ch) throws IOException {
+                 _printer.printText( "&#x" );
+                 _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(ch));
+                 _printer.printText( ';' );
+
+         }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Escapes a string so it may be printed as text content or attribute
+     * value. Non printable characters are escaped using character references.
+     * Where the format specifies a deault entity reference, that reference
+     * is used (e.g. <tt>&amp;lt;</tt>).
+     *
+     * @param source The string to escape
+     */
+    protected void printEscaped( String source )
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        for ( int i = 0 ; i < source.length() ; ++i ) {
+            int ch = source.charAt(i);
+            if ((ch & 0xfc00) == 0xd800 && i+1 < source.length()) {
+                int lowch = source.charAt(i+1);
+                if ((lowch & 0xfc00) == 0xdc00) {
+                    ch = 0x10000 + ((ch-0xd800)<<10) + lowch-0xdc00;
+                    i++;
+                }
+            }
+            printEscaped(ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    //--------------------------------//
+    // Element state handling methods //
+    //--------------------------------//
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return the state of the current element.
+     *
+     * @return Current element state
+     */
+    protected ElementState getElementState()
+    {
+        return _elementStates[ _elementStateCount ];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Enter a new element state for the specified element.
+     * Tag name and space preserving is specified, element
+     * state is initially empty.
+     *
+     * @return Current element state, or null
+     */
+    protected ElementState enterElementState( String namespaceURI, String localName,
+                                              String rawName, boolean preserveSpace )
+    {
+        ElementState state;
+
+        if ( _elementStateCount + 1 == _elementStates.length ) {
+            ElementState[] newStates;
+
+            // Need to create a larger array of states. This does not happen
+            // often, unless the document is really deep.
+            newStates = new ElementState[ _elementStates.length + 10 ];
+            for ( int i = 0 ; i < _elementStates.length ; ++i )
+                newStates[ i ] = _elementStates[ i ];
+            for ( int i = _elementStates.length ; i < newStates.length ; ++i )
+                newStates[ i ] = new ElementState();
+            _elementStates = newStates;
+        }
+
+        ++_elementStateCount;
+        state = _elementStates[ _elementStateCount ];
+        state.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
+        state.localName = localName;
+        state.rawName = rawName;
+        state.preserveSpace = preserveSpace;
+        state.empty = true;
+        state.afterElement = false;
+        state.afterComment = false;
+        state.doCData = state.inCData = false;
+        state.unescaped = false;
+        state.prefixes = _prefixes;
+
+        _prefixes = null;
+        return state;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Leave the current element state and return to the
+     * state of the parent element. If this was the root
+     * element, return to the state of the document.
+     *
+     * @return Previous element state
+     */
+    protected ElementState leaveElementState()
+    {
+        if ( _elementStateCount > 0 ) {
+            /*Corrected by David Blondeau (blondeau@intalio.com)*/
+                _prefixes = null;
+                //_prefixes = _elementStates[ _elementStateCount ].prefixes;
+            -- _elementStateCount;
+            return _elementStates[ _elementStateCount ];
+        } else {
+            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN, "Internal", null);
+            throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if in the state of the document.
+     * Returns true before entering any element and after
+     * leaving the root element.
+     *
+     * @return True if in the state of the document
+     */
+    protected boolean isDocumentState()
+    {
+        return _elementStateCount == 0;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the namespace prefix for the specified URI.
+     * If the URI has been mapped to a prefix, returns the
+     * prefix, otherwise returns null.
+     *
+     * @param namespaceURI The namespace URI
+     * @return The namespace prefix if known, or null
+     */
+    protected String getPrefix( String namespaceURI )
+    {
+        String    prefix;
+
+        if ( _prefixes != null ) {
+            prefix = (String) _prefixes.get( namespaceURI );
+            if ( prefix != null )
+                return prefix;
+        }
+        if ( _elementStateCount == 0 )
+            return null;
+        else {
+            for ( int i = _elementStateCount ; i > 0 ; --i ) {
+                if ( _elementStates[ i ].prefixes != null ) {
+                    prefix = (String) _elementStates[ i ].prefixes.get( namespaceURI );
+                    if ( prefix != null )
+                        return prefix;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The method modifies global DOM error object
+     *
+     * @param message
+     * @param severity
+     * @param type
+     * @return a DOMError
+     */
+    protected DOMError modifyDOMError(String message, short severity, String type, Node node){
+            fDOMError.reset();
+            fDOMError.fMessage = message;
+            fDOMError.fType = type;
+            fDOMError.fSeverity = severity;
+            fDOMError.fLocator = new DOMLocatorImpl(-1, -1, -1, node, null);
+            return fDOMError;
+
+    }
+
+
+    protected void fatalError(String message) throws IOException{
+        if (fDOMErrorHandler != null) {
+            modifyDOMError(message, DOMError.SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR, null, fCurrentNode);
+            fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new IOException(message);
+        }
+    }
+
+        /**
+         * DOM level 3:
+         * Check a node to determine if it contains unbound namespace prefixes.
+         *
+         * @param node The node to check for unbound namespace prefices
+         */
+         protected void checkUnboundNamespacePrefixedNode (Node node) throws IOException{
+
+         }
+}