jdk/src/share/classes/javax/management/namespace/JMXNamespacePermission.java
changeset 1156 bbc2d15aaf7a
child 1709 392dd6db361a
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/javax/management/namespace/JMXNamespacePermission.java	Thu Sep 04 14:46:36 2008 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1474 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package javax.management.namespace;
+
+import javax.management.*;
+import com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.Util;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.security.Permission;
+
+/**
+ * <p>A permission controlling access to MBeans located in namespaces.
+ * If a security manager has been set using {@link
+ * System#setSecurityManager}, most operations on an MBean mounted in a
+ * namespace require that the caller's permissions imply a
+ * JMXNamespacePermission appropriate for the operation.
+ * This is described in detail in the
+ * documentation for the
+ * <a href="JMXNamespace.html#PermissionChecks">JMXNamespace</a>
+ * class.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>As with other {@link Permission} objects,
+ * a JMXNamespacePermission can represent either a permission that
+ * you <em>have</em> or a permission that you <em>need</em>.
+ * When a sensitive operation is being checked for permission,
+ * a JMXNamespacePermission is constructed
+ * representing the permission you need.  The operation is only
+ * allowed if the permissions you have {@linkplain #implies imply} the
+ * permission you need.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>A JMXNamespacePermission contains four items of information:</p>
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *
+ * <li id="Action"><p>The <em>action</em>.</p>
+ * <p>For a permission you need,
+ * this is one of the actions in the list <a
+ * href="#action-list">below</a>.  For a permission you have, this is
+ * a comma-separated list of those actions, or <code>*</code>,
+ * representing all actions.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The action is returned by {@link #getActions()}.</p>
+ *
+ * <li id="MBeanServerName"><p>The <em>MBean Server name</em>.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you need, this is the {@linkplain
+ * javax.management.MBeanServerFactory#getMBeanServerName
+ * name of the MBeanServer}
+ * from which the <a href="#MBeanName">MBean</a> is accessed.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you have, this is either the  {@linkplain
+ * javax.management.MBeanServerFactory#getMBeanServerName
+ * name of the MBeanServer} from which the <a href="#MBeanName">MBean</a>
+ * for which you have this permission is accessed,
+ * or a pattern against which that MBean Server name will be matched.<br>
+ * An {@code mbeanServername} pattern can also be empty, or the single
+ * character {@code "*"}, both of which match any {@code MBeanServer} name.
+ * The string {@code "-"} doesn't match any MBeanServer name.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>Example:</p>
+ * <pre>
+ *   // grant permission to invoke the operation "stop" on any MBean
+ *   // whose name matches "a//*&#42;//*:type=JMXConnectorServer" when
+ *   // accessed from any MBeanServer whose name matches myapp.*"
+ *   permission javax.management.namespace.JMXNamespacePermission "myapp.*::stop[a//*&#42;//*:type=JMXConnectorServer]", "invoke";
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <li id="Member"><p>The <em>member</em>.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you need, this is the name of the attribute or
+ * operation you are accessing.  For operations that do not reference
+ * an attribute or operation, the member is null.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you have, this is either the name of an attribute
+ * or operation you can access, or it is empty or the single character
+ * "<code>*</code>", both of which grant access to any member.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>There is a special case for actions {@code registerMBean} and
+ *    {@code instantiate}, where for a permission you need, {@code member}
+ *    indicates the name of the class for which you are trying
+ *    to create, instantiate, or register an MBean instance. For a
+ *    permission you have, it is a pattern that will be matched against
+ *    the full class name of the MBean being created, instantiated, or
+ *    registered.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ *
+ * <li id="MBeanName"><p>The <em>object name</em>.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you need, this is the {@link ObjectName} of the
+ * MBean you are accessing. It is of the form {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>}
+ * where {@code <namespace>} is the name of the name space for which the
+ * permission is checked, and {@code <mbean name>} is the name of the MBean
+ * within that namespace.
+ * <br>
+ * For operations that do not reference a
+ * single MBean, the <em>object name</em> is null.  It is never an object
+ * name pattern.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>For a permission you have, this is the {@link ObjectName} of the
+ * MBean or MBeans you can access. It is of the form
+ * {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>}
+ * where {@code <namespace>} is the name of the name space for which the
+ * permission is checked, and
+ * {@code <mbean name>} is the name of the MBean
+ * within that namespace. Both {@code <namespace>} and {@code <mbean name>}
+ * can be patterns. The <em>object name</em>
+ * may also be empty, which grants access to all MBeans whatever their
+ * name and namespace.
+ * When included in a namespace path the special path element
+ * <code>**</code> matches any number of sub namespaces
+ * recursively, but only if used as a complete namespace path element,
+ * as in <code>*&#42;//b//c//D:k=v</code> or <code>a//*&#42;//c//D:k=v</code>
+ * - see <a href="#metawildcard">below</a>.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ *
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>If you have a JMXNamespacePermission, it allows operations only
+ * if all four of the items match.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The <a href="#MBeanServerName">MBeanServer name</a>,
+ * <a href="#Member">member</a>, and <a href="#MBeanName">object name</a>
+ * can be written together
+ * as a single string, which is the <em>name</em> of this permission.
+ * The name of the permission is the string returned by {@link
+ * java.security.Permission#getName() getName()}.
+ * The format of the string is:</p>
+ *
+ * <blockquote>
+ * {@code <mbean server name>::<member>[<namespace>//<mbean name>]}
+ * </blockquote>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The {@code <mbean server name>} is optional. If omitted, {@code "*"} is
+ * assumed, and these three permission names
+ * are thus equivalent:
+ * </p>
+ * <blockquote>
+ * {@code *::<member>[<namespace>//<mbean name>]}<br>
+ * {@code ::<member>[<namespace>//<mbean name>]}<br>
+ * {@code <member>[<namespace>//<mbean name>]}<br>
+ * </blockquote>
+ * <p>
+ *    The {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>} string can be in the form
+ *    of a traditional ObjectName
+ *    pattern - meaning that <code>?</code> will match any single
+ *    character, and <code>*</code> will match any sequence of characters,
+ *    except {@value
+ *    javax.management.namespace.JMXNamespaces#NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR}
+ *    In addition, when included in a namespace path the special
+ *    path element <code>**</code> matches any number of sub namespaces
+ *    recursively.
+ *    A {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>} string of the form
+ *    <code>*&#42;//*:*</code> thus means that the permission is
+ *    granted for all MBeans in all namespaces, recursively (see
+ *    <a href="#metawildcard">below</a> for more details.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>Namespace permission checking may be tricky to configure, depending
+ *    on whether the namespaces crossed to reach the MBean are local or
+ *    remote.<br>
+ *    For instance, let <code>a//b//D:k=v</code> be an MBean exposing an
+ *    attribute <code>Foo</code>.
+ *    If namespace <code>a</code> is a plain JMXNamespace pointing to
+ *    a local MBeanServer in the same JVM, then the permissions you need
+ *    to get the attribute <code>Foo</code> will be:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>
+ *    // granting permission to access attribute 'Foo' of MBean a//b//D:k=v
+ *    // from MBeanServer named 'srv1'
+ *    // This permission will be checked by the MBeanServer that contains 'a'.
+ *    srv1::Foo[a//b//D:k=v]
+ *
+ *    // Since a is local, you also need the following additional permission,
+ *    // which will be checked by the MBeanServer 'srv2' that contains 'b':
+ *    //
+ *    // granting permission to access attribute 'Foo' of MBean b//D:k=v from
+ *    // 'srv2'
+ *    srv2::Foo[b//D:k=v]
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>On the other hand, if namespace <code>a</code> is a JMXRemoteNamespace
+ *    pointing to an MBeanServer in a remote JVM, then the only permission you
+ *    need to get the attribute <code>Foo</code> will be:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>
+ *    // granting permission to access attribute 'Foo' of MBean a//b//D:k=v
+ *    // from 'srv1'
+ *    srv1::Foo[a//b//D:k=v]
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>The namespace <code>b</code> resides in the remote JVM, and
+ *    therefore the permissions concerning access to MBeans from
+ *    namespace 'b' will only be checked in the remote JVM, if that JVM is
+ *    configured to do so.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>The {@code <mbean name>} is written using the usual syntax for {@link
+ * ObjectName}.  It may contain any legal characters, including
+ * <code>]</code>.  It is terminated by a <code>]</code> character
+ * that is the last character in the string.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>Below are some examples of permission names:</p>
+ * <pre>
+ *    // allows access to Foo in 'a//b//*:*' from any MBeanServer in the JVM.
+ *    Foo[a//b//*:*]
+ *
+ *    // allows access to Foo in all subnamespaces of 'a//b', but only for
+ *    // MBeanServers whose name matches 'myapp.*'
+ *    myapp.*::Foo[a//b//*&#42;//*:*]
+ *
+ *    // allows access to Foo from all namespaces in the MBeanServer named
+ *    // 'myapp.srv1' - but not recursively.
+ *    myapp.srv1::Foo[&#42;//*:*]
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>For instance, the first two permissions listed above
+ *    will let through {@code getAttribute("a//b//D:k=v","Foo");} in
+ *    all MBeanServers, but will block access to
+ *    {@code getAttribute("a//b//c//D:k=v","Foo");} in MBeanServers whose
+ *    name do not start with {@code "myapp."}.
+ * </p>
+ * <p><a name="metawildcard">Depending on how your namespace hierarchy
+ *    is defined some of these wildcard permission names can be useful</a>:</p>
+ * <pre>
+ *    // allows access to Foo in all namespaces, recursively.
+ *    //
+ *    *::Foo[*&#42;//*:*]
+ *
+ *    // This permission name is the equivalent to the permission names above:
+ *    // Foo[*&#42;//*:*] and Foo[] are equivalent.
+ *    //
+ *    Foo[]
+ *
+ *    // This permission name is the equivalent to the two permission names
+ *    // above:
+ *    // Foo[*&#42;//*:*], Foo[], Foo are equivalent.
+ *    //
+ *    Foo
+ *
+ *    // allows access to Foo from all namespaces - but not recursively.
+ *    // This wildcard permission complements the previous one: it allows
+ *    // access to 'Foo' from an MBean directly registered in any local namespace.
+ *    //
+ *    Foo[&#42;//*:*]
+ *
+ * </pre>
+ * <p><b>Note on wildcards:</b> In an object name pattern, a path element
+ *    of exactly <code>**</code> corresponds to a meta
+ *    wildcard that will match any number of sub namespaces. Hence:</p>
+ * <ul>
+ * <table border="1">
+ * <thead><th>pattern</th><th>matches</th><th>doesn't match</th></thead>
+ * <tbody>
+ * <tr><td><code>*&#42;//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>a//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//b//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//b//c//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>D:k=v</code></td></tr>
+ * <tr><td><code>a//*&#42;//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>a//b//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//b//c//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>b//b//c//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>D:k=v</code></td></tr>
+ * <tr><td><code>a//*&#42;//e//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>a//b//e//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//b//c//e//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *     <td><code>a//b//c//c//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>b//b//c//e//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>a//e//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *         <code>e//D:k=v</code></td></tr>
+ * <tr><td><code>a//b*&#42;//e//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *      <td><code>a//b//e//D:k=v</code></td>
+ *      <td><code>a//b//c//e//D:k=v</code><br>
+ *          because in that case <code>b*&#42;</code><br>
+ *         is not a meta-wildcard - and <code>b**</code><br>
+ *         is thus equivalent to <code>b*</code>.</td></tr>
+ * </tbody>
+ * </table>
+ *</ul>
+ *
+ * <p>If {@code <mbean server name>::} is omitted, then one of
+ * <code>member</code> or <code>object name</code> may be omitted.
+ * If the <code>object name</code> is omitted,
+ * the <code>[]</code> may be too (but does not have to be).  It is
+ * not legal to omit all items, that is to have a <em>name</em>
+ * which is the empty string.</p>
+ * <p>If {@code <mbean server name>} is present, it <b>must be followed</b> by
+ *    the {@code "::"} separator - otherwise it will be interpreted as
+ *    a {@code member name}.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * One or more of the <a href="#MBeanServerName">MBean Server name</a>,
+ * <a href="#Member">member</a>
+ * or <a href="#MBeanName">object name</a> may be the character "<code>-</code>",
+ * which is equivalent to a null value.  A null value is implied by
+ * any value (including another null value) but does not imply any
+ * other value.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p><a name="action-list">The possible actions are these:</a></p>
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>addNotificationListener</li>
+ * <li>getAttribute</li>
+ * <li>getClassLoader</li>
+ * <li>getClassLoaderFor</li>
+ * <li>getClassLoaderRepository</li>
+ * <li>getMBeanInfo</li>
+ * <li>getObjectInstance</li>
+ * <li>instantiate</li>
+ * <li>invoke</li>
+ * <li>isInstanceOf</li>
+ * <li>queryMBeans</li>
+ * <li>queryNames</li>
+ * <li>registerMBean</li>
+ * <li>removeNotificationListener</li>
+ * <li>setAttribute</li>
+ * <li>unregisterMBean</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>In a comma-separated list of actions, spaces are allowed before
+ * and after each action.</p>
+ *
+ * @since 1.7
+ */
+public class JMXNamespacePermission extends Permission {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2416928705275160661L;
+
+    private static final String WILDPATH = "**" +
+                JMXNamespaces.NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR + "*";
+
+    /**
+     * Actions list.
+     */
+    private static final int AddNotificationListener    = 0x00001;
+    private static final int GetAttribute               = 0x00002;
+    private static final int GetClassLoader             = 0x00004;
+    private static final int GetClassLoaderFor          = 0x00008;
+    private static final int GetClassLoaderRepository   = 0x00010;
+    // No GetDomains because it is not possible to route a call to
+    // getDomains() on a NamespaceInterceptor - getDomains() doesn't
+    // have any ObjectName.
+    // private static final int GetDomains                 = 0x00020;
+    private static final int GetMBeanInfo               = 0x00040;
+    private static final int GetObjectInstance          = 0x00080;
+    private static final int Instantiate                = 0x00100;
+    private static final int Invoke                     = 0x00200;
+    private static final int IsInstanceOf               = 0x00400;
+    private static final int QueryMBeans                = 0x00800;
+    private static final int QueryNames                 = 0x01000;
+    private static final int RegisterMBean              = 0x02000;
+    private static final int RemoveNotificationListener = 0x04000;
+    private static final int SetAttribute               = 0x08000;
+    private static final int UnregisterMBean            = 0x10000;
+
+    /**
+     * No actions.
+     */
+    private static final int NONE = 0x00000;
+
+    /**
+     * All actions.
+     */
+    // No GetDomains because it is not possible to route a call to
+    // getDomains() on a NamespaceInterceptor - getDomains() doesn't
+    // have any ObjectName.
+    //
+    private static final int ALL =
+        AddNotificationListener    |
+        GetAttribute               |
+        GetClassLoader             |
+        GetClassLoaderFor          |
+        GetClassLoaderRepository   |
+        GetMBeanInfo               |
+        GetObjectInstance          |
+        Instantiate                |
+        Invoke                     |
+        IsInstanceOf               |
+        QueryMBeans                |
+        QueryNames                 |
+        RegisterMBean              |
+        RemoveNotificationListener |
+        SetAttribute               |
+        UnregisterMBean;
+
+    /**
+     * The actions string.
+     */
+    private String actions;
+
+    /**
+     * The actions mask.
+     */
+    private transient int mask;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the MBeanServer in which this permission is checked, or
+     * granted.  If null, is implied by any MBean server name
+     * but does not imply any non-null MBean server name.
+     */
+    private transient String mbeanServerName;
+
+    /**
+     * The member that must match.  If null, is implied by any member
+     * but does not imply any non-null member.
+     */
+    private transient String member;
+
+    /**
+     * The objectName that must match.  If null, is implied by any
+     * objectName but does not imply any non-null objectName.
+     */
+    private transient ObjectName objectName;
+
+    /**
+     * If objectName is missing from name, then allnames will be
+     * set to true.
+     */
+    private transient boolean  allnames = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse <code>actions</code> parameter.
+     */
+    private void parseActions() {
+
+        int amask;
+
+        if (actions == null)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("JMXNamespaceAccessPermission: " +
+                                               "actions can't be null");
+        if (actions.equals(""))
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("JMXNamespaceAccessPermission: " +
+                                               "actions can't be empty");
+
+        amask = getMask(actions);
+
+        if ((amask & ALL) != amask)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid actions mask");
+        if (amask == NONE)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid actions mask");
+        this.mask = amask;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse <code>name</code> parameter.
+     */
+    private void parseName() {
+        String name = getName();
+
+        if (name == null)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("JMXNamespaceAccessPermission name " +
+                                               "cannot be null");
+
+        if (name.equals(""))
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("JMXNamespaceAccessPermission name " +
+                                               "cannot be empty");
+        final int sepIndex = name.indexOf("::");
+        if (sepIndex < 0) {
+            setMBeanServerName("*");
+        } else {
+            setMBeanServerName(name.substring(0,sepIndex));
+        }
+
+        /* The name looks like "mbeanServerName::member[objectname]".
+           We subtract elements from the right as we parse, so after
+           parsing the objectname we have "class#member" and after parsing the
+           member we have "class".  Each element is optional.  */
+
+        // Parse ObjectName
+
+        final int start = (sepIndex<0)?0:sepIndex+2;
+        int openingBracket = name.indexOf("[",start);
+        if (openingBracket == -1) {
+            // If "[on]" missing then ObjectName("*:*")
+            //
+            objectName = null;
+            allnames = true;
+            openingBracket=name.length();
+        } else {
+            if (!name.endsWith("]")) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("JMXNamespaceAccessPermission: " +
+                                                   "The ObjectName in the " +
+                                                   "target name must be " +
+                                                   "included in square " +
+                                                   "brackets");
+            } else {
+                // Create ObjectName
+                //
+                String on = name.substring(openingBracket + 1,
+                                           name.length() - 1);
+                try {
+                    // If "[]" then allnames are implied
+                    //
+                    final ObjectName target;
+                    final boolean    all;
+                    if (on.equals("")) {
+                        target = null;
+                        all = true;
+                    } else if (on.equals("-")) {
+                        target = null;
+                        all = false;
+                    } else {
+                        target = new ObjectName(on);
+                        all    = false;
+                    }
+                    setObjectName(target,all);
+                } catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "JMXNamespaceAccessPermission: " +
+                            "The target name does " +
+                            "not specify a valid " +
+                            "ObjectName", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final String memberName = name.substring(start,openingBracket);
+        setMember(memberName);
+    }
+
+    private void setObjectName(ObjectName target, boolean all) {
+        if (target != null &&
+            !Util.wildpathmatch(target.getDomain(), WILDPATH)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "The target name does not contain " +
+                    "any namespace: "+String.valueOf(target));
+        } else if (target != null) {
+            final String domain = target.getDomain();
+            final int seplen = JMXNamespaces.NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR.length();
+            final int sepc = domain.indexOf(JMXNamespaces.NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR);
+            if (sepc < 0 || (sepc+seplen)==domain.length()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(target)+
+                        ": no namespace in domain");
+            }
+        }
+        objectName = target;
+        allnames = all;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assign fields based on className, member, and objectName
+     * parameters.
+     */
+//    private void initName(String namespaceName, String member,
+//                          ObjectName objectName, boolean allnames) {
+//        setNamespace(namespaceName);
+    private void initName(String mbeanServerName, String member,
+                          ObjectName mbeanName, boolean all) {
+        setMBeanServerName(mbeanServerName);
+        setMember(member);
+        setObjectName(mbeanName, all);
+    }
+
+    private void setMBeanServerName(String mbeanServerName) {
+        if (mbeanServerName == null || mbeanServerName.equals("-")) {
+            this.mbeanServerName = null;
+        } else if (mbeanServerName.equals("")) {
+            this.mbeanServerName = "*";
+        } else {
+            this.mbeanServerName = mbeanServerName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setMember(String member) {
+        if (member == null || member.equals("-"))
+            this.member = null;
+        else if (member.equals(""))
+            this.member = "*";
+        else
+            this.member = member;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Create a new JMXNamespacePermission object with the
+     * specified target name and actions.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The target name is of the form
+     * "<code>mbeanServerName::member[objectName]</code>" where each part is
+     * optional. This target name must not be empty or null.
+     * If <code>objectName</code> is present, it is of
+     * the form <code>namespace//MBeanName</code>.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * For a permission you need, {@code mbeanServerName} is the
+     * <a href="#MBeanServerName">name of the MBeanServer</a> from
+     * which {@code objectName} is being accessed.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * For a permission you have, {@code mbeanServerName} is the
+     * <a href="#MBeanServerName">name of the MBeanServer</a> from
+     * which access to {@code objectName} is granted.
+     * It can also be a pattern, and if omitted, {@code "*"} is assumed,
+     * meaning that access to {@code objectName} is granted in all
+     * MBean servers in the JVM.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
+     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
+     * empty or null.</p>
+     *
+     * @param name the triplet "mbeanServerName::member[objectName]".
+     * If <code>objectName</code> is present, it is of
+     * the form <code>namespace//MBeanName</code>.
+     * @param actions the action string.
+     *
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the <code>name</code> or
+     * <code>actions</code> is invalid.
+     */
+    public JMXNamespacePermission(String name, String actions) {
+        super(name);
+
+        parseName();
+
+        this.actions = actions;
+        parseActions();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Create a new JMXNamespacePermission object with the specified
+     * target name (namespace name, member, object name) and actions.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code MBeanServer} name, member and object name
+     * parameters define a target name of the form
+     * "<code>mbeanServerName::member[objectName]</code>" where each
+     * part is optional.  This will be the result of {@link #getName()} on the
+     * resultant JMXNamespacePermission.
+     * If the <code>mbeanServerName</code> is empty or exactly {@code "*"}, then
+     * "{@code mbeanServerName::}" is omitted in that result.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
+     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
+     * empty or null.</p>
+     *
+     * @param mbeanServerName the name of the {@code MBeanServer} to which this
+     * permission applies.
+     * May be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents an MBeanServer name
+     * that is implied by any MBeanServer name but does not imply any other
+     * MBeanServer name.
+     * @param member the member to which this permission applies.  May
+     * be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents a member that is
+     * implied by any member but does not imply any other member.
+     * @param objectName the object name to which this permission
+     * applies.
+     * May be null, which represents an object name that is
+     * implied by any object name but does not imply any other object
+     * name. If not null, the {@code objectName} must be of the
+     * form {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>} - where {@code <namespace>}
+     * can be a domain pattern, and {@code <mbean name>} can be an ObjectName
+     * pattern.
+     * For a permission you need, {@code <namespace>} is the name of the
+     * name space for which the permission is checked, and {@code <mbean name>}
+     * is the name of the MBean in that namespace.
+     * The composed name {@code <namespace>//<mbean name>} thus represents the
+     * name of the MBean as seen by the {@code mbeanServerName} containing
+     * {@code <namespace>}.
+     *
+     * @param actions the action string.
+     */
+    public JMXNamespacePermission(
+                           String mbeanServerName,
+                           String member,
+                           ObjectName objectName,
+                           String actions) {
+        this(mbeanServerName, member, objectName, false, actions);
+//        this(member, objectName, false, actions);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Create a new JMXNamespacePermission object with the specified
+     * MBean Server name, member, and actions.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code MBeanServer} name and member
+     * parameters define a target name of the form
+     * "<code>mbeanServerName::member[]</code>" where each
+     * part is optional.  This will be the result of {@link #getName()} on the
+     * resultant JMXNamespacePermission.
+     * If the <code>mbeanServerName</code> is empty or exactly {@code "*"}, then
+     * "{@code mbeanServerName::}" is omitted in that result.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
+     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
+     * empty or null.</p>
+     *
+     * @param mbeanServerName the name of the {@code MBeanServer} to which this
+     * permission applies.
+     * May be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents an MBeanServer name
+     * that is implied by any MBeanServer name but does not imply any other
+     * MBeanServer name.
+     * @param member the member to which this permission applies.  May
+     * be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents a member that is
+     * implied by any member but does not imply any other member.
+     * @param actions the action string.
+     */
+    public JMXNamespacePermission(String mbeanServerName,
+                           String member,
+                           String actions) {
+        this(mbeanServerName,member,null,true,actions);
+        // this(member,null,allnames,actions);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Create a new JMXNamespacePermission object with the specified
+     * target name (namespace name, member, object name) and actions.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The MBean Server name, member and object name parameters define a
+     * target name of the form
+     * "<code>mbeanServerName::member[objectName]</code>" where each part is
+     * optional.  This will be the result of {@link
+     * java.security.Permission#getName() getName()} on the
+     * resultant JMXNamespacePermission.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
+     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
+     * empty or null.</p>
+     *
+     * @param mbeanServerName the name of the {@code MBeanServer} to which this
+     * permission applies.
+     * May be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents an MBeanServer name
+     * that is implied by any MBeanServer name but does not imply any other
+     * MBeanServer name.
+     * @param member the member to which this permission applies.  May
+     * be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents a member that is
+     * implied by any member but does not imply any other member.
+     * @param objectName the object name to which this permission
+     * applies.  If null, and allnames is false, represents an object
+     * name that is implied by any object name but does not imply any
+     * other object name. Otherwise, if allnames is true, it represents
+     * a meta wildcard that matches all object names. It is equivalent to
+     * a missing objectName ("[]") in the {@link
+     * java.security.Permission#getName() name} property.
+     * @param allnames represent a meta wildcard indicating that the
+     *        objectName was not specified. This implies all objectnames
+     *        that match "*:*" and all object names that match
+     *        "*&#42;//*:*"
+     * @param actions the action string.
+     */
+    private JMXNamespacePermission(String mbeanServerName,
+                           String member,
+                           ObjectName objectName,
+                           boolean allnames,
+                           String actions) {
+
+        super(makeName(mbeanServerName,
+                member, objectName, allnames));
+        initName(mbeanServerName,
+                member, objectName, allnames);
+
+        this.actions = actions;
+        parseActions();
+    }
+
+    private static String makeName(String mbeanServerName,
+            String memberName, ObjectName objName, boolean allMBeans) {
+        final StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();
+        if (mbeanServerName == null)
+            mbeanServerName = "-";
+        if (!mbeanServerName.equals("") && !mbeanServerName.equals("*"))
+            name.append(mbeanServerName).append("::");
+        if (memberName == null)
+            memberName = "-";
+        name.append(memberName);
+        if (objName == null) {
+            if (allMBeans)
+                name.append("[]");
+            else
+                name.append("[-]");
+        } else {
+            final String domain = objName.getDomain();
+            final int seplen = JMXNamespaces.NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR.length();
+            final int sepc = domain.indexOf(JMXNamespaces.NAMESPACE_SEPARATOR);
+            if (sepc < 0 || (sepc+seplen)==domain.length()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(objName)+
+                        ": no namespace in domain");
+            }
+            final String can = objName.getCanonicalName();
+            name.append("[").append(can).append("]");
+        }
+        return name.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the "canonical string representation" of the actions. That is,
+     * this method always returns actions in alphabetical order.
+     *
+     * @return the canonical string representation of the actions.
+     */
+    public String getActions() {
+
+        if (actions == null)
+            actions = getActions(this.mask);
+
+        return actions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the "canonical string representation"
+     * of the actions from the mask.
+     */
+    private static String getActions(int mask) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        boolean comma = false;
+
+        if ((mask & AddNotificationListener) == AddNotificationListener) {
+            comma = true;
+            sb.append("addNotificationListener");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetAttribute) == GetAttribute) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getAttribute");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetClassLoader) == GetClassLoader) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getClassLoader");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetClassLoaderFor) == GetClassLoaderFor) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getClassLoaderFor");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetClassLoaderRepository) == GetClassLoaderRepository) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getClassLoaderRepository");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetMBeanInfo) == GetMBeanInfo) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getMBeanInfo");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & GetObjectInstance) == GetObjectInstance) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("getObjectInstance");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & Instantiate) == Instantiate) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("instantiate");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & Invoke) == Invoke) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("invoke");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & IsInstanceOf) == IsInstanceOf) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("isInstanceOf");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & QueryMBeans) == QueryMBeans) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("queryMBeans");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & QueryNames) == QueryNames) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("queryNames");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & RegisterMBean) == RegisterMBean) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("registerMBean");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & RemoveNotificationListener) == RemoveNotificationListener) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("removeNotificationListener");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & SetAttribute) == SetAttribute) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("setAttribute");
+        }
+
+        if ((mask & UnregisterMBean) == UnregisterMBean) {
+            if (comma) sb.append(',');
+            else comma = true;
+            sb.append("unregisterMBean");
+        }
+
+        // No GetDomains because it is not possible to route a call to
+        // getDomains() on a NamespaceInterceptor - getDomains() doesn't
+        // have any ObjectName.
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return this.getName().hashCode() + this.getActions().hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an action String to an integer action mask.
+     *
+     * @param action the action string.
+     * @return the action mask.
+     */
+    private static int getMask(String action) {
+
+        /*
+         * BE CAREFUL HERE! PARSING ORDER IS IMPORTANT IN THIS ALGORITHM.
+         *
+         * The 'string length' test must be performed for the lengthiest
+         * strings first.
+         *
+         * In this permission if the "unregisterMBean" string length test is
+         * performed after the "registerMBean" string length test the algorithm
+         * considers the 'unregisterMBean' action as being the 'registerMBean'
+         * action and a parsing error is returned.
+         */
+
+        int mask = NONE;
+
+        if (action == null) {
+            return mask;
+        }
+
+        if (action.equals("*")) {
+            return ALL;
+        }
+
+        char[] a = action.toCharArray();
+
+        int i = a.length - 1;
+        if (i < 0)
+            return mask;
+
+        while (i != -1) {
+            char c;
+
+            // skip whitespace
+            while ((i!=-1) && ((c = a[i]) == ' ' ||
+                               c == '\r' ||
+                               c == '\n' ||
+                               c == '\f' ||
+                               c == '\t'))
+                i--;
+
+            // check for the known strings
+            int matchlen;
+
+            // No GetDomains because it is not possible to route a call to
+            // getDomains() on a NamespaceInterceptor - getDomains() doesn't
+            // have any ObjectName.
+
+            if (i >= 25 && /* removeNotificationListener */
+                (a[i-25] == 'r') &&
+                (a[i-24] == 'e') &&
+                (a[i-23] == 'm') &&
+                (a[i-22] == 'o') &&
+                (a[i-21] == 'v') &&
+                (a[i-20] == 'e') &&
+                (a[i-19] == 'N') &&
+                (a[i-18] == 'o') &&
+                (a[i-17] == 't') &&
+                (a[i-16] == 'i') &&
+                (a[i-15] == 'f') &&
+                (a[i-14] == 'i') &&
+                (a[i-13] == 'c') &&
+                (a[i-12] == 'a') &&
+                (a[i-11] == 't') &&
+                (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
+                (a[i-9] == 'o') &&
+                (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
+                (a[i-7] == 'L') &&
+                (a[i-6] == 'i') &&
+                (a[i-5] == 's') &&
+                (a[i-4] == 't') &&
+                (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
+                (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
+                (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
+                (a[i] == 'r')) {
+                matchlen = 26;
+                mask |= RemoveNotificationListener;
+            } else if (i >= 23 && /* getClassLoaderRepository */
+                       (a[i-23] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-22] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-21] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-20] == 'C') &&
+                       (a[i-19] == 'l') &&
+                       (a[i-18] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-17] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-16] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-15] == 'L') &&
+                       (a[i-14] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-13] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'd') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'R') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'p') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'y')) {
+                matchlen = 24;
+                mask |= GetClassLoaderRepository;
+            } else if (i >= 22 && /* addNotificationListener */
+                       (a[i-22] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-21] == 'd') &&
+                       (a[i-20] == 'd') &&
+                       (a[i-19] == 'N') &&
+                       (a[i-18] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-17] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-16] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-15] == 'f') &&
+                       (a[i-14] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-13] == 'c') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'L') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
+                matchlen = 23;
+                mask |= AddNotificationListener;
+            } else if (i >= 16 && /* getClassLoaderFor */
+                       (a[i-16] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-15] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-14] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-13] == 'C') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'l') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'L') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'd') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'F') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
+                matchlen = 17;
+                mask |= GetClassLoaderFor;
+            } else if (i >= 16 && /* getObjectInstance */
+                       (a[i-16] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-15] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-14] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-13] == 'O') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'b') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 'j') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'c') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'I') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'c') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
+                matchlen = 17;
+                mask |= GetObjectInstance;
+            } else if (i >= 14 && /* unregisterMBean */
+                       (a[i-14] == 'u') &&
+                       (a[i-13] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'M') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'B') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'n')) {
+                matchlen = 15;
+                mask |= UnregisterMBean;
+            } else if (i >= 13 && /* getClassLoader */
+                       (a[i-13] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-12] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'C') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'l') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'L') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'd') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
+                matchlen = 14;
+                mask |= GetClassLoader;
+            } else if (i >= 12 && /* registerMBean */
+                       (a[i-12] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'M') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'B') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'n')) {
+                matchlen = 13;
+                mask |= RegisterMBean;
+            } else if (i >= 11 && /* getAttribute */
+                       (a[i-11] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'A') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'b') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'u') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
+                matchlen = 12;
+                mask |= GetAttribute;
+            } else if (i >= 11 && /* getMBeanInfo */
+                       (a[i-11] == 'g') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'M') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'B') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'I') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'f') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'o')) {
+                matchlen = 12;
+                mask |= GetMBeanInfo;
+            } else if (i >= 11 && /* isInstanceOf */
+                       (a[i-11] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'I') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'c') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'O') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'f')) {
+                matchlen = 12;
+                mask |= IsInstanceOf;
+            } else if (i >= 11 && /* setAttribute */
+                       (a[i-11] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'A') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'b') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'u') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
+                matchlen = 12;
+                mask |= SetAttribute;
+            } else if (i >= 10 && /* instantiate */
+                       (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
+                matchlen = 11;
+                mask |= Instantiate;
+            } else if (i >= 10 && /* queryMBeans */
+                       (a[i-10] == 'q') &&
+                       (a[i-9] == 'u') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'y') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'M') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'B') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i] == 's')) {
+                matchlen = 11;
+                mask |= QueryMBeans;
+            } else if (i >= 9 && /* queryNames */
+                       (a[i-9] == 'q') &&
+                       (a[i-8] == 'u') &&
+                       (a[i-7] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i-6] == 'r') &&
+                       (a[i-5] == 'y') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'N') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'm') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
+                       (a[i] == 's')) {
+                matchlen = 10;
+                mask |= QueryNames;
+            } else if (i >= 5 && /* invoke */
+                       (a[i-5] == 'i') &&
+                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
+                       (a[i-3] == 'v') &&
+                       (a[i-2] == 'o') &&
+                       (a[i-1] == 'k') &&
+                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
+                matchlen = 6;
+                mask |= Invoke;
+            } else {
+                // parse error
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid permission: " +
+                                                   action);
+            }
+
+            // make sure we didn't just match the tail of a word
+            // like "ackbarfaccept".  Also, skip to the comma.
+            boolean seencomma = false;
+            while (i >= matchlen && !seencomma) {
+                switch(a[i-matchlen]) {
+                case ',':
+                    seencomma = true;
+                    break;
+                case ' ': case '\r': case '\n':
+                case '\f': case '\t':
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid permission: " +
+                                                       action);
+                }
+                i--;
+            }
+
+            // point i at the location of the comma minus one (or -1).
+            i -= matchlen;
+        }
+
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Checks if this JMXNamespacePermission object "implies" the
+     * specified permission.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>More specifically, this method returns true if:</p>
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *
+     * <li> <i>p</i> is an instance of JMXNamespacePermission; and</li>
+     *
+     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null mbeanServerName or <i>p</i>'s mbeanServerName
+     * matches this object's mbeanServerName; and</li>
+     *
+     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null member or <i>p</i>'s member matches this
+     * object's member; and</li>
+     *
+     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null object name or <i>p</i>'s
+     * object name matches this object's object name; and</li>
+     *
+     * <li> <i>p</i>'s actions are a subset of this object's actions</li>
+     *
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>If this object's mbeanServerName is a pattern, then <i>p</i>'s
+     *    mbeanServerName is matched against that pattern. An empty
+     *    mbeanServerName is equivalent to "{@code *}". A null
+     *    mbeanServerName is equivalent to "{@code -}".</p>
+     * <p>If this object's mbeanServerName is "<code>*</code>" or is
+     * empty, <i>p</i>'s mbeanServerName always matches it.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>If this object's member is "<code>*</code>", <i>p</i>'s
+     * member always matches it.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>If this object's objectName <i>n1</i> is an object name pattern,
+     * <i>p</i>'s objectName <i>n2</i> matches it if
+     * {@link ObjectName#equals <i>n1</i>.equals(<i>n2</i>)} or if
+     * {@link ObjectName#apply <i>n1</i>.apply(<i>n2</i>)}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>A permission that includes the <code>queryMBeans</code> action
+     * is considered to include <code>queryNames</code> as well.</p>
+     *
+     * @param p the permission to check against.
+     * @return true if the specified permission is implied by this object,
+     * false if not.
+     */
+    public boolean implies(Permission p) {
+        if (!(p instanceof JMXNamespacePermission))
+            return false;
+
+        JMXNamespacePermission that = (JMXNamespacePermission) p;
+
+        // Actions
+        //
+        // The actions in 'this' permission must be a
+        // superset of the actions in 'that' permission
+        //
+
+        /* "queryMBeans" implies "queryNames" */
+        if ((this.mask & QueryMBeans) == QueryMBeans) {
+            if (((this.mask | QueryNames) & that.mask) != that.mask) {
+                //System.out.println("action [with QueryNames] does not imply");
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if ((this.mask & that.mask) != that.mask) {
+                //System.out.println("action does not imply");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Target name
+        //
+        // The 'mbeanServerName' check is true iff:
+        // 1) the mbeanServerName in 'this' permission is omitted or "*", or
+        // 2) the mbeanServerName in 'that' permission is omitted or "*", or
+        // 3) the mbeanServerName in 'this' permission does pattern
+        //    matching with the mbeanServerName in 'that' permission.
+        //
+        // The 'member' check is true iff:
+        // 1) the member in 'this' member is omitted or "*", or
+        // 2) the member in 'that' member is omitted or "*", or
+        // 3) the member in 'this' permission equals the member in
+        //    'that' permission.
+        //
+        // The 'object name' check is true iff:
+        // 1) the object name in 'this' permission is omitted, or
+        // 2) the object name in 'that' permission is omitted, or
+        // 3) the object name in 'this' permission does pattern
+        //    matching with the object name in 'that' permission.
+        //
+
+        if (that.mbeanServerName == null) {
+            // bottom is implied
+        } else if (this.mbeanServerName == null) {
+            // bottom implies nothing but itself
+            return false;
+        } else if (that.mbeanServerName.equals(this.mbeanServerName)) {
+            // exact match
+        } else if (!Util.wildmatch(that.mbeanServerName,this.mbeanServerName)) {
+            return false; // no match
+        }
+
+        /* Check if this.member implies that.member */
+
+        if (that.member == null) {
+            // bottom is implied
+        } else if (this.member == null) {
+            // bottom implies nothing but itself
+            return false;
+        } else if (this.member.equals("*")) {
+            // wildcard implies everything (including itself)
+        } else if (this.member.equals(that.member)) {
+            // exact match
+        } else if (!Util.wildmatch(that.member,this.member)) {
+            return false; // no match
+        }
+
+        /* Check if this.objectName implies that.objectName */
+
+        if (that.objectName == null) {
+            // bottom is implied
+        } else if (this.objectName == null) {
+            // bottom implies nothing but itself
+            if (allnames == false) return false;
+        } else if (!this.objectName.apply(that.objectName)) {
+            /* ObjectName.apply returns false if that.objectName is a
+               wildcard so we also allow equals for that case.  This
+               never happens during real permission checks, but means
+               the implies relation is reflexive.  */
+            if (!this.objectName.equals(that.objectName))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks two JMXNamespacePermission objects for equality. Checks
+     * that <i>obj</i> is an JMXNamespacePermission, and has the same
+     * name and actions as this object.
+     * <P>
+     * @param obj the object we are testing for equality with this object.
+     * @return true if obj is an JMXNamespacePermission, and has the
+     * same name and actions as this JMXNamespacePermission object.
+     */
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (obj == this)
+            return true;
+
+        if (! (obj instanceof JMXNamespacePermission))
+            return false;
+
+        JMXNamespacePermission that = (JMXNamespacePermission) obj;
+
+        return (this.mask == that.mask) &&
+            (this.getName().equals(that.getName()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserialize this object based on its name and actions.
+     */
+    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in)
+            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        in.defaultReadObject();
+        parseName();
+        parseActions();
+    }
+}