jdk/src/share/classes/sun/security/tools/KeyTool.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 904 eadc9fa4b700
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/sun/security/tools/KeyTool.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,3202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package sun.security.tools;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.KeyStoreException;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.Key;
+import java.security.PublicKey;
+import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.Security;
+import java.security.Signature;
+import java.security.SignatureException;
+import java.security.UnrecoverableEntryException;
+import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
+import java.security.Principal;
+import java.security.Provider;
+import java.security.Identity;
+import java.security.Signer;
+import java.security.cert.Certificate;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.interfaces.DSAParams;
+import java.security.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey;
+import java.security.interfaces.DSAPublicKey;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
+import java.text.Collator;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+
+import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
+import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
+import sun.security.util.ObjectIdentifier;
+import sun.security.pkcs.PKCS10;
+import sun.security.provider.IdentityDatabase;
+import sun.security.provider.SystemSigner;
+import sun.security.provider.SystemIdentity;
+import sun.security.provider.X509Factory;
+import sun.security.util.DerOutputStream;
+import sun.security.util.Password;
+import sun.security.util.Resources;
+import sun.security.util.PathList;
+import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+
+import sun.security.x509.*;
+
+import static java.security.KeyStore.*;
+
+/**
+ * This tool manages keystores.
+ *
+ * @author Jan Luehe
+ *
+ *
+ * @see java.security.KeyStore
+ * @see sun.security.provider.KeyProtector
+ * @see sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore
+ *
+ * @since 1.2
+ */
+
+public final class KeyTool {
+
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private int command = -1;
+    private String sigAlgName = null;
+    private String keyAlgName = null;
+    private boolean verbose = false;
+    private int keysize = -1;
+    private boolean rfc = false;
+    private long validity = (long)90;
+    private String alias = null;
+    private String dname = null;
+    private String dest = null;
+    private String filename = null;
+    private String srcksfname = null;
+
+    // User-specified providers are added before any command is called.
+    // However, they are not removed before the end of the main() method.
+    // If you're calling KeyTool.main() directly in your own Java program,
+    // please programtically add any providers you need and do not specify
+    // them through the command line.
+
+    private Set<Pair <String, String>> providers = null;
+    private String storetype = null;
+    private String srcProviderName = null;
+    private String providerName = null;
+    private String pathlist = null;
+    private char[] storePass = null;
+    private char[] storePassNew = null;
+    private char[] keyPass = null;
+    private char[] keyPassNew = null;
+    private char[] oldPass = null;
+    private char[] newPass = null;
+    private char[] destKeyPass = null;
+    private char[] srckeyPass = null;
+    private String ksfname = null;
+    private File ksfile = null;
+    private InputStream ksStream = null; // keystore stream
+    private KeyStore keyStore = null;
+    private boolean token = false;
+    private boolean nullStream = false;
+    private boolean kssave = false;
+    private boolean noprompt = false;
+    private boolean trustcacerts = false;
+    private boolean protectedPath = false;
+    private boolean srcprotectedPath = false;
+    private CertificateFactory cf = null;
+    private KeyStore caks = null; // "cacerts" keystore
+    private char[] srcstorePass = null;
+    private String srcstoretype = null;
+    private Set<char[]> passwords = new HashSet<char[]> ();
+    private String startDate = null;
+
+    private static final int CERTREQ = 1;
+    private static final int CHANGEALIAS = 2;
+    private static final int DELETE = 3;
+    private static final int EXPORTCERT = 4;
+    private static final int GENKEYPAIR = 5;
+    private static final int GENSECKEY = 6;
+    // there is no HELP
+    private static final int IDENTITYDB = 7;
+    private static final int IMPORTCERT = 8;
+    private static final int IMPORTKEYSTORE = 9;
+    private static final int KEYCLONE = 10;
+    private static final int KEYPASSWD = 11;
+    private static final int LIST = 12;
+    private static final int PRINTCERT = 13;
+    private static final int SELFCERT = 14;
+    private static final int STOREPASSWD = 15;
+
+    private static final Class[] PARAM_STRING = { String.class };
+
+    private static final String JKS = "jks";
+    private static final String NONE = "NONE";
+    private static final String P11KEYSTORE = "PKCS11";
+    private static final String P12KEYSTORE = "PKCS12";
+    private final String keyAlias = "mykey";
+
+    // for i18n
+    private static final java.util.ResourceBundle rb =
+        java.util.ResourceBundle.getBundle("sun.security.util.Resources");
+    private static final Collator collator = Collator.getInstance();
+    static {
+        // this is for case insensitive string comparisons
+        collator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY);
+    };
+
+    private KeyTool() { }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        KeyTool kt = new KeyTool();
+        kt.run(args, System.out);
+    }
+
+    private void run(String[] args, PrintStream out) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            parseArgs(args);
+            doCommands(out);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.out.println(rb.getString("keytool error: ") + e);
+            if (verbose) {
+                e.printStackTrace(System.out);
+            }
+            if (!debug) {
+                System.exit(1);
+            } else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            for (char[] pass : passwords) {
+                if (pass != null) {
+                    Arrays.fill(pass, ' ');
+                    pass = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (ksStream != null) {
+                ksStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse command line arguments.
+     */
+    void parseArgs(String[] args) {
+
+        if (args.length == 0) usage();
+
+        int i=0;
+
+        for (i=0; (i < args.length) && args[i].startsWith("-"); i++) {
+
+            String flags = args[i];
+            /*
+             * command modes
+             */
+            if (collator.compare(flags, "-certreq") == 0) {
+                command = CERTREQ;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-delete") == 0) {
+                command = DELETE;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-export") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-exportcert") == 0) {
+                command = EXPORTCERT;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-genkey") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-genkeypair") == 0) {
+                command = GENKEYPAIR;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-help") == 0) {
+                usage();
+                return;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-identitydb") == 0) { // obsolete
+                command = IDENTITYDB;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-import") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-importcert") == 0) {
+                command = IMPORTCERT;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keyclone") == 0) { // obsolete
+                command = KEYCLONE;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-changealias") == 0) {
+                command = CHANGEALIAS;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keypasswd") == 0) {
+                command = KEYPASSWD;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-list") == 0) {
+                command = LIST;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-printcert") == 0) {
+                command = PRINTCERT;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-selfcert") == 0) {     // obsolete
+                command = SELFCERT;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-storepasswd") == 0) {
+                command = STOREPASSWD;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-importkeystore") == 0) {
+                command = IMPORTKEYSTORE;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-genseckey") == 0) {
+                command = GENSECKEY;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * specifiers
+             */
+            else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keystore") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-destkeystore") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                ksfname = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-storepass") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-deststorepass") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                storePass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(storePass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-storetype") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-deststoretype") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                storetype = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srcstorepass") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                srcstorePass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(srcstorePass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srcstoretype") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                srcstoretype = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srckeypass") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                srckeyPass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(srckeyPass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srcprovidername") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                srcProviderName = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-providername") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-destprovidername") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                providerName = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-providerpath") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                pathlist = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keypass") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                keyPass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(keyPass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-new") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                newPass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(newPass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-destkeypass") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                destKeyPass = args[i].toCharArray();
+                passwords.add(destKeyPass);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-alias") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-srcalias") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                alias = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-dest") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-destalias") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                dest = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-dname") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                dname = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keysize") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                keysize = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-keyalg") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                keyAlgName = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-sigalg") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                sigAlgName = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-startdate") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                startDate = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-validity") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                validity = Long.parseLong(args[i]);
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-file") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                filename = args[i];
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srckeystore") == 0) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                srcksfname = args[i];
+            } else if ((collator.compare(flags, "-provider") == 0) ||
+                        (collator.compare(flags, "-providerclass") == 0)) {
+                if (++i == args.length) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                if (providers == null) {
+                    providers = new HashSet<Pair <String, String>> (3);
+                }
+                String providerClass = args[i];
+                String providerArg = null;
+
+                if (args.length > (i+1)) {
+                    flags = args[i+1];
+                    if (collator.compare(flags, "-providerarg") == 0) {
+                        if (args.length == (i+2)) errorNeedArgument(flags);
+                        providerArg = args[i+2];
+                        i += 2;
+                    }
+                }
+                providers.add(
+                        new Pair<String, String>(providerClass, providerArg));
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * options
+             */
+            else if (collator.compare(flags, "-v") == 0) {
+                verbose = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-debug") == 0) {
+                debug = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-rfc") == 0) {
+                rfc = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-noprompt") == 0) {
+                noprompt = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-trustcacerts") == 0) {
+                trustcacerts = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-protected") == 0 ||
+                    collator.compare(flags, "-destprotected") == 0) {
+                protectedPath = true;
+            } else if (collator.compare(flags, "-srcprotected") == 0) {
+                srcprotectedPath = true;
+            } else  {
+                System.err.println(rb.getString("Illegal option:  ") + flags);
+                tinyHelp();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (i<args.length) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Usage error, <arg> is not a legal command"));
+            Object[] source = {args[i]};
+            throw new RuntimeException(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        if (command == -1) {
+            System.err.println(rb.getString("Usage error: no command provided"));
+            tinyHelp();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the commands.
+     */
+    void doCommands(PrintStream out) throws Exception {
+
+        if (storetype == null) {
+            storetype = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
+        }
+        storetype = KeyStoreUtil.niceStoreTypeName(storetype);
+
+        if (srcstoretype == null) {
+            srcstoretype = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
+        }
+        srcstoretype = KeyStoreUtil.niceStoreTypeName(srcstoretype);
+
+        if (P11KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(storetype) ||
+                KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)) {
+            token = true;
+            if (ksfname == null) {
+                ksfname = NONE;
+            }
+        }
+        if (NONE.equals(ksfname)) {
+            nullStream = true;
+        }
+
+        if (token && !nullStream) {
+            System.err.println(MessageFormat.format(rb.getString
+                ("-keystore must be NONE if -storetype is {0}"), storetype));
+            System.err.println();
+            tinyHelp();
+        }
+
+        if (token &&
+            (command == KEYPASSWD || command == STOREPASSWD)) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(MessageFormat.format(rb.getString
+                        ("-storepasswd and -keypasswd commands not supported " +
+                        "if -storetype is {0}"), storetype));
+        }
+
+        if (P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(storetype) && command == KEYPASSWD) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(rb.getString
+                        ("-keypasswd commands not supported " +
+                        "if -storetype is PKCS12"));
+        }
+
+        if (token && (keyPass != null || newPass != null || destKeyPass != null)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(rb.getString
+                ("-keypass and -new " +
+                "can not be specified if -storetype is {0}"), storetype));
+        }
+
+        if (protectedPath) {
+            if (storePass != null || keyPass != null ||
+                    newPass != null || destKeyPass != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(rb.getString
+                        ("if -protected is specified, " +
+                        "then -storepass, -keypass, and -new " +
+                        "must not be specified"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (srcprotectedPath) {
+            if (srcstorePass != null || srckeyPass != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(rb.getString
+                        ("if -srcprotected is specified, " +
+                        "then -srcstorepass and -srckeypass " +
+                        "must not be specified"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)) {
+            if (storePass != null || keyPass != null ||
+                    newPass != null || destKeyPass != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(rb.getString
+                        ("if keystore is not password protected, " +
+                        "then -storepass, -keypass, and -new " +
+                        "must not be specified"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(srcstoretype)) {
+            if (srcstorePass != null || srckeyPass != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(rb.getString
+                        ("if source keystore is not password protected, " +
+                        "then -srcstorepass and -srckeypass " +
+                        "must not be specified"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (validity <= (long)0) {
+            throw new Exception
+                (rb.getString("Validity must be greater than zero"));
+        }
+
+        // Try to load and install specified provider
+        if (providers != null) {
+            ClassLoader cl = null;
+            if (pathlist != null) {
+                String path = null;
+                path = PathList.appendPath(
+                        path, System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
+                path = PathList.appendPath(
+                        path, System.getProperty("env.class.path"));
+                path = PathList.appendPath(path, pathlist);
+
+                URL[] urls = PathList.pathToURLs(path);
+                cl = new URLClassLoader(urls);
+            } else {
+                cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
+            }
+
+            for (Pair <String, String> provider: providers) {
+                String provName = provider.fst;
+                Class<?> provClass;
+                if (cl != null) {
+                    provClass = cl.loadClass(provName);
+                } else {
+                    provClass = Class.forName(provName);
+                }
+
+                String provArg = provider.snd;
+                Object obj;
+                if (provArg == null) {
+                    obj = provClass.newInstance();
+                } else {
+                    Constructor<?> c = provClass.getConstructor(PARAM_STRING);
+                    obj = c.newInstance(provArg);
+                }
+                if (!(obj instanceof Provider)) {
+                    MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                        (rb.getString("provName not a provider"));
+                    Object[] source = {provName};
+                    throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+                }
+                Security.addProvider((Provider)obj);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (command == LIST && verbose && rfc) {
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("Must not specify both -v and -rfc with 'list' command"));
+            tinyHelp();
+        }
+
+        // Make sure provided passwords are at least 6 characters long
+        if (command == GENKEYPAIR && keyPass!=null && keyPass.length < 6) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                ("Key password must be at least 6 characters"));
+        }
+        if (newPass != null && newPass.length < 6) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                ("New password must be at least 6 characters"));
+        }
+        if (destKeyPass != null && destKeyPass.length < 6) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                ("New password must be at least 6 characters"));
+        }
+
+        // Check if keystore exists.
+        // If no keystore has been specified at the command line, try to use
+        // the default, which is located in $HOME/.keystore.
+        // If the command is "genkey", "identitydb", "import", or "printcert",
+        // it is OK not to have a keystore.
+        if (command != PRINTCERT) {
+            if (ksfname == null) {
+                ksfname = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator
+                    + ".keystore";
+            }
+
+            if (!nullStream) {
+                try {
+                    ksfile = new File(ksfname);
+                    // Check if keystore file is empty
+                    if (ksfile.exists() && ksfile.length() == 0) {
+                        throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Keystore file exists, but is empty: ") + ksfname);
+                    }
+                    ksStream = new FileInputStream(ksfile);
+                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                    if (command != GENKEYPAIR &&
+                        command != GENSECKEY &&
+                        command != IDENTITYDB &&
+                        command != IMPORTCERT &&
+                        command != IMPORTKEYSTORE) {
+                        throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                                ("Keystore file does not exist: ") + ksfname);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ((command == KEYCLONE || command == CHANGEALIAS)
+                && dest == null) {
+            dest = getAlias("destination");
+            if ("".equals(dest)) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Must specify destination alias"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (command == DELETE && alias == null) {
+            alias = getAlias(null);
+            if ("".equals(alias)) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString("Must specify alias"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create new keystore
+        if (providerName == null) {
+            keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(storetype);
+        } else {
+            keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(storetype, providerName);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Load the keystore data.
+         *
+         * At this point, it's OK if no keystore password has been provided.
+         * We want to make sure that we can load the keystore data, i.e.,
+         * the keystore data has the right format. If we cannot load the
+         * keystore, why bother asking the user for his or her password?
+         * Only if we were able to load the keystore, and no keystore
+         * password has been provided, will we prompt the user for the
+         * keystore password to verify the keystore integrity.
+         * This means that the keystore is loaded twice: first load operation
+         * checks the keystore format, second load operation verifies the
+         * keystore integrity.
+         *
+         * If the keystore password has already been provided (at the
+         * command line), however, the keystore is loaded only once, and the
+         * keystore format and integrity are checked "at the same time".
+         *
+         * Null stream keystores are loaded later.
+         */
+        if (!nullStream) {
+            keyStore.load(ksStream, storePass);
+            if (ksStream != null) {
+                ksStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // All commands that create or modify the keystore require a keystore
+        // password.
+
+        if (nullStream && storePass != null) {
+            keyStore.load(null, storePass);
+        } else if (!nullStream && storePass != null) {
+            // If we are creating a new non nullStream-based keystore,
+            // insist that the password be at least 6 characters
+            if (ksStream == null && storePass.length < 6) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Keystore password must be at least 6 characters"));
+            }
+        } else if (storePass == null) {
+
+            // only prompt if (protectedPath == false)
+
+            if (!protectedPath && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype) &&
+                (command == CERTREQ ||
+                        command == DELETE ||
+                        command == GENKEYPAIR ||
+                        command == GENSECKEY ||
+                        command == IMPORTCERT ||
+                        command == IMPORTKEYSTORE ||
+                        command == KEYCLONE ||
+                        command == CHANGEALIAS ||
+                        command == SELFCERT ||
+                        command == STOREPASSWD ||
+                        command == KEYPASSWD ||
+                        command == IDENTITYDB)) {
+                int count = 0;
+                do {
+                    if (command == IMPORTKEYSTORE) {
+                        System.err.print
+                                (rb.getString("Enter destination keystore password:  "));
+                    } else {
+                        System.err.print
+                                (rb.getString("Enter keystore password:  "));
+                    }
+                    System.err.flush();
+                    storePass = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                    passwords.add(storePass);
+
+                    // If we are creating a new non nullStream-based keystore,
+                    // insist that the password be at least 6 characters
+                    if (!nullStream && (storePass == null || storePass.length < 6)) {
+                        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                                ("Keystore password is too short - " +
+                                "must be at least 6 characters"));
+                        storePass = null;
+                    }
+
+                    // If the keystore file does not exist and needs to be
+                    // created, the storepass should be prompted twice.
+                    if (storePass != null && !nullStream && ksStream == null) {
+                        System.err.print(rb.getString("Re-enter new password: "));
+                        char[] storePassAgain = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                        passwords.add(storePassAgain);
+                        if (!Arrays.equals(storePass, storePassAgain)) {
+                            System.err.println
+                                (rb.getString("They don't match. Try again"));
+                            storePass = null;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    count++;
+                } while ((storePass == null) && count < 3);
+
+
+                if (storePass == null) {
+                    System.err.println
+                        (rb.getString("Too many failures - try later"));
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else if (!protectedPath
+                    && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)
+                    && !(command == PRINTCERT)) {
+                // here we have EXPORTCERT and LIST (info valid until STOREPASSWD)
+                System.err.print(rb.getString("Enter keystore password:  "));
+                System.err.flush();
+                storePass = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                passwords.add(storePass);
+            }
+
+            // Now load a nullStream-based keystore,
+            // or verify the integrity of an input stream-based keystore
+            if (nullStream) {
+                keyStore.load(null, storePass);
+            } else if (ksStream != null) {
+                ksStream = new FileInputStream(ksfile);
+                keyStore.load(ksStream, storePass);
+                ksStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (storePass != null && P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(storetype)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                "Warning:  Different store and key passwords not supported " +
+                "for PKCS12 KeyStores. Ignoring user-specified <command> value."));
+            if (keyPass != null && !Arrays.equals(storePass, keyPass)) {
+                Object[] source = {"-keypass"};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                keyPass = storePass;
+            }
+            if (newPass != null && !Arrays.equals(storePass, newPass)) {
+                Object[] source = {"-new"};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                newPass = storePass;
+            }
+            if (destKeyPass != null && !Arrays.equals(storePass, destKeyPass)) {
+                Object[] source = {"-destkeypass"};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                destKeyPass = storePass;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create a certificate factory
+        if (command == PRINTCERT || command == IMPORTCERT
+               || command == IDENTITYDB) {
+            cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509");
+        }
+
+        if (trustcacerts) {
+            caks = getCacertsKeyStore();
+        }
+
+        // Perform the specified command
+        if (command == CERTREQ) {
+            PrintStream ps = null;
+            if (filename != null) {
+                ps = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream
+                                                 (filename));
+                out = ps;
+            }
+            try {
+                doCertReq(alias, sigAlgName, out);
+            } finally {
+                if (ps != null) {
+                    ps.close();
+                }
+            }
+            if (verbose && filename != null) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Certification request stored in file <filename>"));
+                Object[] source = {filename};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                System.err.println(rb.getString("Submit this to your CA"));
+            }
+        } else if (command == DELETE) {
+            doDeleteEntry(alias);
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == EXPORTCERT) {
+            PrintStream ps = null;
+            if (filename != null) {
+                ps = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream
+                                                 (filename));
+                out = ps;
+            }
+            try {
+                doExportCert(alias, out);
+            } finally {
+                if (ps != null) {
+                    ps.close();
+                }
+            }
+            if (filename != null) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Certificate stored in file <filename>"));
+                Object[] source = {filename};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+            }
+        } else if (command == GENKEYPAIR) {
+            if (keyAlgName == null) {
+                keyAlgName = "DSA";
+            }
+            doGenKeyPair(alias, dname, keyAlgName, keysize, sigAlgName);
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == GENSECKEY) {
+            if (keyAlgName == null) {
+                keyAlgName = "DES";
+            }
+            doGenSecretKey(alias, keyAlgName, keysize);
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == IDENTITYDB) {
+            InputStream inStream = System.in;
+            if (filename != null) {
+                inStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
+            }
+            try {
+                doImportIdentityDatabase(inStream);
+            } finally {
+                if (inStream != System.in) {
+                    inStream.close();
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (command == IMPORTCERT) {
+            InputStream inStream = System.in;
+            if (filename != null) {
+                inStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
+            }
+            try {
+                String importAlias = (alias!=null)?alias:keyAlias;
+                if (keyStore.entryInstanceOf(importAlias, KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry.class)) {
+                    kssave = installReply(importAlias, inStream);
+                    if (kssave) {
+                        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                            ("Certificate reply was installed in keystore"));
+                    } else {
+                        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                            ("Certificate reply was not installed in keystore"));
+                    }
+                } else if (!keyStore.containsAlias(importAlias) ||
+                        keyStore.entryInstanceOf(importAlias,
+                            KeyStore.TrustedCertificateEntry.class)) {
+                    kssave = addTrustedCert(importAlias, inStream);
+                    if (kssave) {
+                        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                            ("Certificate was added to keystore"));
+                    } else {
+                        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                            ("Certificate was not added to keystore"));
+                    }
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (inStream != System.in) {
+                    inStream.close();
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (command == IMPORTKEYSTORE) {
+            doImportKeyStore();
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == KEYCLONE) {
+            keyPassNew = newPass;
+
+            // added to make sure only key can go thru
+            if (alias == null) {
+                alias = keyAlias;
+            }
+            if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                    (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+            }
+            if (!keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias, KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry.class)) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                        "Alias <alias> references an entry type that is not a private key entry.  " +
+                        "The -keyclone command only supports cloning of private key entries"));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+            }
+
+            doCloneEntry(alias, dest, true);  // Now everything can be cloned
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == CHANGEALIAS) {
+            if (alias == null) {
+                alias = keyAlias;
+            }
+            doCloneEntry(alias, dest, false);
+            // in PKCS11, clone a PrivateKeyEntry will delete the old one
+            if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias)) {
+                doDeleteEntry(alias);
+            }
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == KEYPASSWD) {
+            keyPassNew = newPass;
+            doChangeKeyPasswd(alias);
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == LIST) {
+            if (alias != null) {
+                doPrintEntry(alias, out, true);
+            } else {
+                doPrintEntries(out);
+            }
+        } else if (command == PRINTCERT) {
+            InputStream inStream = System.in;
+            if (filename != null) {
+                inStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
+            }
+            try {
+                doPrintCert(inStream, out);
+            } finally {
+                if (inStream != System.in) {
+                    inStream.close();
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (command == SELFCERT) {
+            doSelfCert(alias, dname, sigAlgName);
+            kssave = true;
+        } else if (command == STOREPASSWD) {
+            storePassNew = newPass;
+            if (storePassNew == null) {
+                storePassNew = getNewPasswd("keystore password", storePass);
+            }
+            kssave = true;
+        }
+
+        // If we need to save the keystore, do so.
+        if (kssave) {
+            if (verbose) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                        (rb.getString("[Storing ksfname]"));
+                Object[] source = {nullStream ? "keystore" : ksfname};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+            }
+
+            if (token) {
+                keyStore.store(null, null);
+            } else {
+                FileOutputStream fout = null;
+                try {
+                    fout = (nullStream ?
+                                        (FileOutputStream)null :
+                                        new FileOutputStream(ksfname));
+                    keyStore.store
+                        (fout,
+                        (storePassNew!=null) ? storePassNew : storePass);
+                } finally {
+                    if (fout != null) {
+                        fout.close();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a PKCS#10 cert signing request, corresponding to the
+     * keys (and name) associated with a given alias.
+     */
+    private void doCertReq(String alias, String sigAlgName, PrintStream out)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+
+        Object[] objs = recoverKey(alias, storePass, keyPass);
+        PrivateKey privKey = (PrivateKey)objs[0];
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            keyPass = (char[])objs[1];
+        }
+
+        Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+        if (cert == null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("alias has no public key (certificate)"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+        PKCS10 request = new PKCS10(cert.getPublicKey());
+
+        // Construct an X500Signer object, so that we can sign the request
+        if (sigAlgName == null) {
+            // If no signature algorithm was specified at the command line,
+            // we choose one that is compatible with the selected private key
+            String keyAlgName = privKey.getAlgorithm();
+            if ("DSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)
+                   || "DSS".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithDSA";
+            } else if ("RSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithRSA";
+            } else {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Cannot derive signature algorithm"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(sigAlgName);
+        signature.initSign(privKey);
+        X500Name subject =
+            new X500Name(((X509Certificate)cert).getSubjectDN().toString());
+        X500Signer signer = new X500Signer(signature, subject);
+
+        // Sign the request and base-64 encode it
+        request.encodeAndSign(signer);
+        request.print(out);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes an entry from the keystore.
+     */
+    private void doDeleteEntry(String alias) throws Exception {
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+        keyStore.deleteEntry(alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exports a certificate from the keystore.
+     */
+    private void doExportCert(String alias, PrintStream out)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (storePass == null
+                && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)) {
+            printWarning();
+        }
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+        if (cert == null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> has no certificate"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+        dumpCert(cert, out);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompt the user for a keypass when generating a key entry.
+     * @param alias the entry we will set password for
+     * @param orig the original entry of doing a dup, null if generate new
+     * @param origPass the password to copy from if user press ENTER
+     */
+    private char[] promptForKeyPass(String alias, String orig, char[] origPass) throws Exception{
+        if (P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(storetype)) {
+            return origPass;
+        } else if (!token) {
+            // Prompt for key password
+            int count;
+            for (count = 0; count < 3; count++) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Enter key password for <alias>"));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                if (orig == null) {
+                    System.err.print(rb.getString
+                            ("\t(RETURN if same as keystore password):  "));
+                } else {
+                    form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                            ("\t(RETURN if same as for <otherAlias>)"));
+                    Object[] src = {orig};
+                    System.err.print(form.format(src));
+                }
+                System.err.flush();
+                char[] entered = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                passwords.add(entered);
+                if (entered == null) {
+                    return origPass;
+                } else if (entered.length >= 6) {
+                    System.err.print(rb.getString("Re-enter new password: "));
+                    char[] passAgain = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                    passwords.add(passAgain);
+                    if (!Arrays.equals(entered, passAgain)) {
+                        System.err.println
+                            (rb.getString("They don't match. Try again"));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return entered;
+                } else {
+                    System.err.println(rb.getString
+                        ("Key password is too short - must be at least 6 characters"));
+                }
+            }
+            if (count == 3) {
+                if (command == KEYCLONE) {
+                    throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Too many failures. Key entry not cloned"));
+                } else {
+                    throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                            ("Too many failures - key not added to keystore"));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;    // PKCS11
+    }
+    /**
+     * Creates a new secret key.
+     */
+    private void doGenSecretKey(String alias, String keyAlgName,
+                              int keysize)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Secret key not generated, alias <alias> already exists"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        SecretKey secKey = null;
+        KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance(keyAlgName);
+        if (keysize != -1) {
+            keygen.init(keysize);
+        } else if ("DES".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+            keygen.init(56);
+        } else if ("DESede".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+            keygen.init(168);
+        } else {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                ("Please provide -keysize for secret key generation"));
+        }
+
+        secKey = keygen.generateKey();
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            keyPass = promptForKeyPass(alias, null, storePass);
+        }
+        keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, secKey, keyPass, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new key pair and self-signed certificate.
+     */
+    private void doGenKeyPair(String alias, String dname, String keyAlgName,
+                              int keysize, String sigAlgName)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (keysize == -1) {
+            if ("EC".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                keysize = 256;
+            } else {
+                keysize = 1024;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Key pair not generated, alias <alias> already exists"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        if (sigAlgName == null) {
+            if ("DSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithDSA";
+            } else if ("RSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithRSA";
+            } else if ("EC".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1withECDSA";
+            } else {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Cannot derive signature algorithm"));
+            }
+        }
+        CertAndKeyGen keypair =
+                new CertAndKeyGen(keyAlgName, sigAlgName, providerName);
+
+
+        // If DN is provided, parse it. Otherwise, prompt the user for it.
+        X500Name x500Name;
+        if (dname == null) {
+            x500Name = getX500Name();
+        } else {
+            x500Name = new X500Name(dname);
+        }
+
+        keypair.generate(keysize);
+        PrivateKey privKey = keypair.getPrivateKey();
+
+        X509Certificate[] chain = new X509Certificate[1];
+        chain[0] = keypair.getSelfCertificate(
+                x500Name, getStartDate(startDate), validity*24L*60L*60L);
+
+        if (verbose) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Generating keysize bit keyAlgName key pair and self-signed certificate " +
+                    "(sigAlgName) with a validity of validality days\n\tfor: x500Name"));
+            Object[] source = {new Integer(keysize),
+                                privKey.getAlgorithm(),
+                                chain[0].getSigAlgName(),
+                                new Long(validity),
+                                x500Name};
+            System.err.println(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            keyPass = promptForKeyPass(alias, null, storePass);
+        }
+        keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, privKey, keyPass, chain);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clones an entry
+     * @param orig original alias
+     * @param dest destination alias
+     * @changePassword if the password can be changed
+     */
+    private void doCloneEntry(String orig, String dest, boolean changePassword)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (orig == null) {
+            orig = keyAlias;
+        }
+
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(dest)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Destination alias <dest> already exists"));
+            Object[] source = {dest};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        Object[] objs = recoverEntry(keyStore, orig, storePass, keyPass);
+        Entry entry = (Entry)objs[0];
+        keyPass = (char[])objs[1];
+
+        PasswordProtection pp = null;
+
+        if (keyPass != null) {  // protected
+            if (!changePassword || P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(storetype)) {
+                keyPassNew = keyPass;
+            } else {
+                if (keyPassNew == null) {
+                    keyPassNew = promptForKeyPass(dest, orig, keyPass);
+                }
+            }
+            pp = new PasswordProtection(keyPassNew);
+        }
+        keyStore.setEntry(dest, entry, pp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes a key password.
+     */
+    private void doChangeKeyPasswd(String alias) throws Exception
+    {
+
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+        Object[] objs = recoverKey(alias, storePass, keyPass);
+        Key privKey = (Key)objs[0];
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            keyPass = (char[])objs[1];
+        }
+
+        if (keyPassNew == null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("key password for <alias>"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            keyPassNew = getNewPasswd(form.format(source), keyPass);
+        }
+        keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, privKey, keyPassNew,
+                             keyStore.getCertificateChain(alias));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports a JDK 1.1-style identity database. We can only store one
+     * certificate per identity, because we use the identity's name as the
+     * alias (which references a keystore entry), and aliases must be unique.
+     */
+    private void doImportIdentityDatabase(InputStream in)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        byte[] encoded;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais;
+        java.security.cert.X509Certificate newCert;
+        java.security.cert.Certificate[] chain = null;
+        PrivateKey privKey;
+        boolean modified = false;
+
+        IdentityDatabase idb = IdentityDatabase.fromStream(in);
+        for (Enumeration<Identity> enum_ = idb.identities();
+                                        enum_.hasMoreElements();) {
+            Identity id = enum_.nextElement();
+            newCert = null;
+            // only store trusted identities in keystore
+            if ((id instanceof SystemSigner && ((SystemSigner)id).isTrusted())
+                || (id instanceof SystemIdentity
+                    && ((SystemIdentity)id).isTrusted())) {
+                // ignore if keystore entry with same alias name already exists
+                if (keyStore.containsAlias(id.getName())) {
+                    MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                        (rb.getString("Keystore entry for <id.getName()> already exists"));
+                    Object[] source = {id.getName()};
+                    System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                    continue;
+                }
+                java.security.Certificate[] certs = id.certificates();
+                if (certs!=null && certs.length>0) {
+                    // we can only store one user cert per identity.
+                    // convert old-style to new-style cert via the encoding
+                    DerOutputStream dos = new DerOutputStream();
+                    certs[0].encode(dos);
+                    encoded = dos.toByteArray();
+                    bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+                    newCert = (X509Certificate)cf.generateCertificate(bais);
+                    bais.close();
+
+                    // if certificate is self-signed, make sure it verifies
+                    if (isSelfSigned(newCert)) {
+                        PublicKey pubKey = newCert.getPublicKey();
+                        try {
+                            newCert.verify(pubKey);
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            // ignore this cert
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (id instanceof SystemSigner) {
+                        MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                            ("Creating keystore entry for <id.getName()> ..."));
+                        Object[] source = {id.getName()};
+                        System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                        if (chain==null) {
+                            chain = new java.security.cert.Certificate[1];
+                        }
+                        chain[0] = newCert;
+                        privKey = ((SystemSigner)id).getPrivateKey();
+                        keyStore.setKeyEntry(id.getName(), privKey, storePass,
+                                             chain);
+                    } else {
+                        keyStore.setCertificateEntry(id.getName(), newCert);
+                    }
+                    kssave = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!kssave) {
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("No entries from identity database added"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints a single keystore entry.
+     */
+    private void doPrintEntry(String alias, PrintStream out,
+                              boolean printWarning)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (storePass == null && printWarning
+                && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)) {
+            printWarning();
+        }
+
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        if (verbose || rfc || debug) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias name: alias"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            out.println(form.format(source));
+
+            if (!token) {
+                form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                    ("Creation date: keyStore.getCreationDate(alias)"));
+                Object[] src = {keyStore.getCreationDate(alias)};
+                out.println(form.format(src));
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!token) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                    (rb.getString("alias, keyStore.getCreationDate(alias), "));
+                Object[] source = {alias, keyStore.getCreationDate(alias)};
+                out.print(form.format(source));
+            } else {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                    (rb.getString("alias, "));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                out.print(form.format(source));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias, KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry.class)) {
+            if (verbose || rfc || debug) {
+                Object[] source = {"SecretKeyEntry"};
+                out.println(new MessageFormat(
+                        rb.getString("Entry type: <type>")).format(source));
+            } else {
+                out.println("SecretKeyEntry, ");
+            }
+        } else if (keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias, KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry.class)) {
+            if (verbose || rfc || debug) {
+                Object[] source = {"PrivateKeyEntry"};
+                out.println(new MessageFormat(
+                        rb.getString("Entry type: <type>")).format(source));
+            } else {
+                out.println("PrivateKeyEntry, ");
+            }
+
+            // Get the chain
+            Certificate[] chain = keyStore.getCertificateChain(alias);
+            if (chain != null) {
+                if (verbose || rfc || debug) {
+                    out.println(rb.getString
+                        ("Certificate chain length: ") + chain.length);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i ++) {
+                        MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                                (rb.getString("Certificate[(i + 1)]:"));
+                        Object[] source = {new Integer((i + 1))};
+                        out.println(form.format(source));
+                        if (verbose && (chain[i] instanceof X509Certificate)) {
+                            printX509Cert((X509Certificate)(chain[i]), out);
+                        } else if (debug) {
+                            out.println(chain[i].toString());
+                        } else {
+                            dumpCert(chain[i], out);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Print the digest of the user cert only
+                    out.println
+                        (rb.getString("Certificate fingerprint (MD5): ") +
+                        getCertFingerPrint("MD5", chain[0]));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias,
+                KeyStore.TrustedCertificateEntry.class)) {
+            // We have a trusted certificate entry
+            Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+            if (verbose && (cert instanceof X509Certificate)) {
+                out.println(rb.getString("Entry type: trustedCertEntry\n"));
+                printX509Cert((X509Certificate)cert, out);
+            } else if (rfc) {
+                out.println(rb.getString("Entry type: trustedCertEntry\n"));
+                dumpCert(cert, out);
+            } else if (debug) {
+                out.println(cert.toString());
+            } else {
+                out.println(rb.getString("trustedCertEntry,"));
+                out.println(rb.getString("Certificate fingerprint (MD5): ")
+                            + getCertFingerPrint("MD5", cert));
+            }
+        } else {
+            out.println(rb.getString("Unknown Entry Type"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load the srckeystore from a stream, used in -importkeystore
+     * @returns the src KeyStore
+     */
+    KeyStore loadSourceKeyStore() throws Exception {
+        boolean isPkcs11 = false;
+
+        InputStream is = null;
+
+        if (P11KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(srcstoretype) ||
+                KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(srcstoretype)) {
+            if (!NONE.equals(srcksfname)) {
+                System.err.println(MessageFormat.format(rb.getString
+                    ("-keystore must be NONE if -storetype is {0}"), srcstoretype));
+                System.err.println();
+                tinyHelp();
+            }
+            isPkcs11 = true;
+        } else {
+            if (srcksfname != null) {
+                File srcksfile = new File(srcksfname);
+                    if (srcksfile.exists() && srcksfile.length() == 0) {
+                        throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                                ("Source keystore file exists, but is empty: ") +
+                                srcksfname);
+                }
+                is = new FileInputStream(srcksfile);
+            } else {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Please specify -srckeystore"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        KeyStore store;
+        try {
+            if (srcProviderName == null) {
+                store = KeyStore.getInstance(srcstoretype);
+            } else {
+                store = KeyStore.getInstance(srcstoretype, srcProviderName);
+            }
+
+            if (srcstorePass == null
+                    && !srcprotectedPath
+                    && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(srcstoretype)) {
+                System.err.print(rb.getString("Enter source keystore password:  "));
+                System.err.flush();
+                srcstorePass = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                passwords.add(srcstorePass);
+            }
+
+            // always let keypass be storepass when using pkcs12
+            if (P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(srcstoretype)) {
+                if (srckeyPass != null && srcstorePass != null &&
+                        !Arrays.equals(srcstorePass, srckeyPass)) {
+                    MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                        "Warning:  Different store and key passwords not supported " +
+                        "for PKCS12 KeyStores. Ignoring user-specified <command> value."));
+                    Object[] source = {"-srckeypass"};
+                    System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                    srckeyPass = srcstorePass;
+                }
+            }
+
+            store.load(is, srcstorePass);   // "is" already null in PKCS11
+        } finally {
+            if (is != null) {
+                is.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (srcstorePass == null
+                && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(srcstoretype)) {
+            // anti refactoring, copied from printWarning(),
+            // but change 2 lines
+            System.err.println();
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("*****************  WARNING WARNING WARNING  *****************"));
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("* The integrity of the information stored in the srckeystore*"));
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("* has NOT been verified!  In order to verify its integrity, *"));
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("* you must provide the srckeystore password.                *"));
+            System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("*****************  WARNING WARNING WARNING  *****************"));
+            System.err.println();
+        }
+
+        return store;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * import all keys and certs from importkeystore.
+     * keep alias unchanged if no name conflict, otherwise, prompt.
+     * keep keypass unchanged for keys
+     */
+    private void doImportKeyStore() throws Exception {
+
+        if (alias != null) {
+            doImportKeyStoreSingle(loadSourceKeyStore(), alias);
+        } else {
+            if (dest != null || srckeyPass != null || destKeyPass != null) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString(
+                        "if alias not specified, destalias, srckeypass, " +
+                        "and destkeypass must not be specified"));
+            }
+            doImportKeyStoreAll(loadSourceKeyStore());
+        }
+        /*
+         * Information display rule of -importkeystore
+         * 1. inside single, shows failure
+         * 2. inside all, shows sucess
+         * 3. inside all where there is a failure, prompt for continue
+         * 4. at the final of all, shows summary
+         */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Import a single entry named alias from srckeystore
+     * @returns 1 if the import action succeed
+     *          0 if user choose to ignore an alias-dumplicated entry
+     *          2 if setEntry throws Exception
+     */
+    private int doImportKeyStoreSingle(KeyStore srckeystore, String alias)
+            throws Exception {
+
+        String newAlias = (dest==null) ? alias : dest;
+
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(newAlias)) {
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            if (noprompt) {
+                System.err.println(new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                        "Warning: Overwriting existing alias <alias> in destination keystore")).format(source));
+            } else {
+                String reply = getYesNoReply(new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                        "Existing entry alias <alias> exists, overwrite? [no]:  ")).format(source));
+                if ("NO".equals(reply)) {
+                    newAlias = inputStringFromStdin(rb.getString
+                            ("Enter new alias name\t(RETURN to cancel import for this entry):  "));
+                    if ("".equals(newAlias)) {
+                        System.err.println(new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                                "Entry for alias <alias> not imported.")).format(
+                                source));
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Object[] objs = recoverEntry(srckeystore, alias, srcstorePass, srckeyPass);
+        Entry entry = (Entry)objs[0];
+
+        PasswordProtection pp = null;
+
+        // According to keytool.html, "The destination entry will be protected
+        // using destkeypass. If destkeypass is not provided, the destination
+        // entry will be protected with the source entry password."
+        // so always try to protect with destKeyPass.
+        if (destKeyPass != null) {
+            pp = new PasswordProtection(destKeyPass);
+        } else if (objs[1] != null) {
+            pp = new PasswordProtection((char[])objs[1]);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            keyStore.setEntry(newAlias, entry, pp);
+            return 1;
+        } catch (KeyStoreException kse) {
+            Object[] source2 = {alias, kse.toString()};
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                    "Problem importing entry for alias <alias>: <exception>.\nEntry for alias <alias> not imported."));
+            System.err.println(form.format(source2));
+            return 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doImportKeyStoreAll(KeyStore srckeystore) throws Exception {
+
+        int ok = 0;
+        int count = srckeystore.size();
+        for (Enumeration<String> e = srckeystore.aliases();
+                                        e.hasMoreElements(); ) {
+            String alias = e.nextElement();
+            int result = doImportKeyStoreSingle(srckeystore, alias);
+            if (result == 1) {
+                ok++;
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString("Entry for alias <alias> successfully imported."));
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+            } else if (result == 2) {
+                if (!noprompt) {
+                    String reply = getYesNoReply("Do you want to quit the import process? [no]:  ");
+                    if ("YES".equals(reply)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Object[] source = {ok, count-ok};
+        MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString(
+                "Import command completed:  <ok> entries successfully imported, <fail> entries failed or cancelled"));
+        System.err.println(form.format(source));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints all keystore entries.
+     */
+    private void doPrintEntries(PrintStream out)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (storePass == null
+                && !KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(storetype)) {
+            printWarning();
+        } else {
+            out.println();
+        }
+
+        out.println(rb.getString("Keystore type: ") + keyStore.getType());
+        out.println(rb.getString("Keystore provider: ") +
+                keyStore.getProvider().getName());
+        out.println();
+
+        MessageFormat form;
+        form = (keyStore.size() == 1) ?
+                new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Your keystore contains keyStore.size() entry")) :
+                new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Your keystore contains keyStore.size() entries"));
+        Object[] source = {new Integer(keyStore.size())};
+        out.println(form.format(source));
+        out.println();
+
+        for (Enumeration<String> e = keyStore.aliases();
+                                        e.hasMoreElements(); ) {
+            String alias = e.nextElement();
+            doPrintEntry(alias, out, false);
+            if (verbose || rfc) {
+                out.println(rb.getString("\n"));
+                out.println(rb.getString
+                        ("*******************************************"));
+                out.println(rb.getString
+                        ("*******************************************\n\n"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a certificate (or certificate chain) and prints its contents in
+     * a human readbable format.
+     */
+    private void doPrintCert(InputStream in, PrintStream out)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        Collection<? extends Certificate> c = null;
+        try {
+            c = cf.generateCertificates(in);
+        } catch (CertificateException ce) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Failed to parse input"), ce);
+        }
+        if (c.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Empty input"));
+        }
+        Certificate[] certs = c.toArray(new Certificate[c.size()]);
+        for (int i=0; i<certs.length; i++) {
+            X509Certificate x509Cert = null;
+            try {
+                x509Cert = (X509Certificate)certs[i];
+            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString("Not X.509 certificate"));
+            }
+            if (certs.length > 1) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                        (rb.getString("Certificate[(i + 1)]:"));
+                Object[] source = {new Integer(i + 1)};
+                out.println(form.format(source));
+            }
+            printX509Cert(x509Cert, out);
+            if (i < (certs.length-1)) {
+                out.println();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a self-signed certificate, and stores it as a single-element
+     * certificate chain.
+     */
+    private void doSelfCert(String alias, String dname, String sigAlgName)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+
+        Object[] objs = recoverKey(alias, storePass, keyPass);
+        PrivateKey privKey = (PrivateKey)objs[0];
+        if (keyPass == null)
+            keyPass = (char[])objs[1];
+
+        // Determine the signature algorithm
+        if (sigAlgName == null) {
+            // If no signature algorithm was specified at the command line,
+            // we choose one that is compatible with the selected private key
+            String keyAlgName = privKey.getAlgorithm();
+            if ("DSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)
+                   || "DSS".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithDSA";
+            } else if ("RSA".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1WithRSA";
+            } else if ("EC".equalsIgnoreCase(keyAlgName)) {
+                sigAlgName = "SHA1withECDSA";
+            } else {
+                throw new Exception
+                        (rb.getString("Cannot derive signature algorithm"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get the old certificate
+        Certificate oldCert = keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+        if (oldCert == null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("alias has no public key"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+        if (!(oldCert instanceof X509Certificate)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("alias has no X.509 certificate"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        // convert to X509CertImpl, so that we can modify selected fields
+        // (no public APIs available yet)
+        byte[] encoded = oldCert.getEncoded();
+        X509CertImpl certImpl = new X509CertImpl(encoded);
+        X509CertInfo certInfo = (X509CertInfo)certImpl.get(X509CertImpl.NAME
+                                                           + "." +
+                                                           X509CertImpl.INFO);
+
+        // Extend its validity
+        Date firstDate = getStartDate(startDate);
+        Date lastDate = new Date();
+        lastDate.setTime(firstDate.getTime() + validity*1000L*24L*60L*60L);
+        CertificateValidity interval = new CertificateValidity(firstDate,
+                                                               lastDate);
+        certInfo.set(X509CertInfo.VALIDITY, interval);
+
+        // Make new serial number
+        certInfo.set(X509CertInfo.SERIAL_NUMBER, new CertificateSerialNumber
+                     ((int)(firstDate.getTime()/1000)));
+
+        // Set owner and issuer fields
+        X500Name owner;
+        if (dname == null) {
+            // Get the owner name from the certificate
+            owner = (X500Name)certInfo.get(X509CertInfo.SUBJECT + "." +
+                                           CertificateSubjectName.DN_NAME);
+        } else {
+            // Use the owner name specified at the command line
+            owner = new X500Name(dname);
+            certInfo.set(X509CertInfo.SUBJECT + "." +
+                         CertificateSubjectName.DN_NAME, owner);
+        }
+        // Make issuer same as owner (self-signed!)
+        certInfo.set(X509CertInfo.ISSUER + "." +
+                     CertificateIssuerName.DN_NAME, owner);
+
+        // The inner and outer signature algorithms have to match.
+        // The way we achieve that is really ugly, but there seems to be no
+        // other solution: We first sign the cert, then retrieve the
+        // outer sigalg and use it to set the inner sigalg
+        X509CertImpl newCert = new X509CertImpl(certInfo);
+        newCert.sign(privKey, sigAlgName);
+        AlgorithmId sigAlgid = (AlgorithmId)newCert.get(X509CertImpl.SIG_ALG);
+        certInfo.set(CertificateAlgorithmId.NAME + "." +
+                     CertificateAlgorithmId.ALGORITHM, sigAlgid);
+
+        // first upgrade to version 3
+
+        certInfo.set(X509CertInfo.VERSION,
+                        new CertificateVersion(CertificateVersion.V3));
+
+        // Sign the new certificate
+        newCert = new X509CertImpl(certInfo);
+        newCert.sign(privKey, sigAlgName);
+
+        // Store the new certificate as a single-element certificate chain
+        keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, privKey,
+                             (keyPass != null) ? keyPass : storePass,
+                             new Certificate[] { newCert } );
+
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.err.println(rb.getString("New certificate (self-signed):"));
+            System.err.print(newCert.toString());
+            System.err.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes a certificate reply from a certificate authority.
+     *
+     * <p>Builds a certificate chain on top of the certificate reply,
+     * using trusted certificates from the keystore. The chain is complete
+     * after a self-signed certificate has been encountered. The self-signed
+     * certificate is considered a root certificate authority, and is stored
+     * at the end of the chain.
+     *
+     * <p>The newly generated chain replaces the old chain associated with the
+     * key entry.
+     *
+     * @return true if the certificate reply was installed, otherwise false.
+     */
+    private boolean installReply(String alias, InputStream in)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (alias == null) {
+            alias = keyAlias;
+        }
+
+        Object[] objs = recoverKey(alias, storePass, keyPass);
+        PrivateKey privKey = (PrivateKey)objs[0];
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            keyPass = (char[])objs[1];
+        }
+
+        Certificate userCert = keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+        if (userCert == null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("alias has no public key (certificate)"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        // Read the certificates in the reply
+        Collection<? extends Certificate> c = cf.generateCertificates(in);
+        if (c.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Reply has no certificates"));
+        }
+        Certificate[] replyCerts = c.toArray(new Certificate[c.size()]);
+        Certificate[] newChain;
+        if (replyCerts.length == 1) {
+            // single-cert reply
+            newChain = establishCertChain(userCert, replyCerts[0]);
+        } else {
+            // cert-chain reply (e.g., PKCS#7)
+            newChain = validateReply(alias, userCert, replyCerts);
+        }
+
+        // Now store the newly established chain in the keystore. The new
+        // chain replaces the old one.
+        if (newChain != null) {
+            keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, privKey,
+                                 (keyPass != null) ? keyPass : storePass,
+                                 newChain);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports a certificate and adds it to the list of trusted certificates.
+     *
+     * @return true if the certificate was added, otherwise false.
+     */
+    private boolean addTrustedCert(String alias, InputStream in)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (alias == null) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Must specify alias"));
+        }
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Certificate not imported, alias <alias> already exists"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        // Read the certificate
+        X509Certificate cert = null;
+        try {
+            cert = (X509Certificate)cf.generateCertificate(in);
+        } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Input not an X.509 certificate"));
+        } catch (CertificateException ce) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Input not an X.509 certificate"));
+        }
+
+        // if certificate is self-signed, make sure it verifies
+        boolean selfSigned = false;
+        if (isSelfSigned(cert)) {
+            cert.verify(cert.getPublicKey());
+            selfSigned = true;
+        }
+
+        if (noprompt) {
+            keyStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // check if cert already exists in keystore
+        String reply = null;
+        String trustalias = keyStore.getCertificateAlias(cert);
+        if (trustalias != null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Certificate already exists in keystore under alias <trustalias>"));
+            Object[] source = {trustalias};
+            System.err.println(form.format(source));
+            reply = getYesNoReply
+                (rb.getString("Do you still want to add it? [no]:  "));
+        } else if (selfSigned) {
+            if (trustcacerts && (caks != null) &&
+                    ((trustalias=caks.getCertificateAlias(cert)) != null)) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Certificate already exists in system-wide CA keystore under alias <trustalias>"));
+                Object[] source = {trustalias};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+                reply = getYesNoReply
+                        (rb.getString("Do you still want to add it to your own keystore? [no]:  "));
+            }
+            if (trustalias == null) {
+                // Print the cert and ask user if they really want to add
+                // it to their keystore
+                printX509Cert(cert, System.out);
+                reply = getYesNoReply
+                        (rb.getString("Trust this certificate? [no]:  "));
+            }
+        }
+        if (reply != null) {
+            if ("YES".equals(reply)) {
+                keyStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Try to establish trust chain
+        try {
+            Certificate[] chain = establishCertChain(null, cert);
+            if (chain != null) {
+                keyStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
+                return true;
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // Print the cert and ask user if they really want to add it to
+            // their keystore
+            printX509Cert(cert, System.out);
+            reply = getYesNoReply
+                (rb.getString("Trust this certificate? [no]:  "));
+            if ("YES".equals(reply)) {
+                keyStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompts user for new password. New password must be different from
+     * old one.
+     *
+     * @param prompt the message that gets prompted on the screen
+     * @param oldPasswd the current (i.e., old) password
+     */
+    private char[] getNewPasswd(String prompt, char[] oldPasswd)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        char[] entered = null;
+        char[] reentered = null;
+
+        for (int count = 0; count < 3; count++) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("New prompt: "));
+            Object[] source = {prompt};
+            System.err.print(form.format(source));
+            entered = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+            passwords.add(entered);
+            if (entered == null || entered.length < 6) {
+                System.err.println(rb.getString
+                    ("Password is too short - must be at least 6 characters"));
+            } else if (Arrays.equals(entered, oldPasswd)) {
+                System.err.println(rb.getString("Passwords must differ"));
+            } else {
+                form = new MessageFormat
+                        (rb.getString("Re-enter new prompt: "));
+                Object[] src = {prompt};
+                System.err.print(form.format(src));
+                reentered = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+                passwords.add(reentered);
+                if (!Arrays.equals(entered, reentered)) {
+                    System.err.println
+                        (rb.getString("They don't match. Try again"));
+                } else {
+                    Arrays.fill(reentered, ' ');
+                    return entered;
+                }
+            }
+            if (entered != null) {
+                Arrays.fill(entered, ' ');
+                entered = null;
+            }
+            if (reentered != null) {
+                Arrays.fill(reentered, ' ');
+                reentered = null;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new Exception(rb.getString("Too many failures - try later"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompts user for alias name.
+     * @param prompt the {0} of "Enter {0} alias name:  " in prompt line
+     * @returns the string entered by the user, without the \n at the end
+     */
+    private String getAlias(String prompt) throws Exception {
+        if (prompt != null) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Enter prompt alias name:  "));
+            Object[] source = {prompt};
+            System.err.print(form.format(source));
+        } else {
+            System.err.print(rb.getString("Enter alias name:  "));
+        }
+        return (new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+                                        System.in))).readLine();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompts user for an input string from the command line (System.in)
+     * @prompt the prompt string printed
+     * @returns the string entered by the user, without the \n at the end
+     */
+    private String inputStringFromStdin(String prompt) throws Exception {
+        System.err.print(prompt);
+        return (new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+                                        System.in))).readLine();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompts user for key password. User may select to choose the same
+     * password (<code>otherKeyPass</code>) as for <code>otherAlias</code>.
+     */
+    private char[] getKeyPasswd(String alias, String otherAlias,
+                                char[] otherKeyPass)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        int count = 0;
+        char[] keyPass = null;
+
+        do {
+            if (otherKeyPass != null) {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Enter key password for <alias>"));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                System.err.println(form.format(source));
+
+                form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("\t(RETURN if same as for <otherAlias>)"));
+                Object[] src = {otherAlias};
+                System.err.print(form.format(src));
+            } else {
+                MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                        ("Enter key password for <alias>"));
+                Object[] source = {alias};
+                System.err.print(form.format(source));
+            }
+            System.err.flush();
+            keyPass = Password.readPassword(System.in);
+            passwords.add(keyPass);
+            if (keyPass == null) {
+                keyPass = otherKeyPass;
+            }
+            count++;
+        } while ((keyPass == null) && count < 3);
+
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            throw new Exception(rb.getString("Too many failures - try later"));
+        }
+
+        return keyPass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints a certificate in a human readable format.
+     */
+    private void printX509Cert(X509Certificate cert, PrintStream out)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        /*
+        out.println("Owner: "
+                    + cert.getSubjectDN().toString()
+                    + "\n"
+                    + "Issuer: "
+                    + cert.getIssuerDN().toString()
+                    + "\n"
+                    + "Serial number: " + cert.getSerialNumber().toString(16)
+                    + "\n"
+                    + "Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore().toString()
+                    + " until: " + cert.getNotAfter().toString()
+                    + "\n"
+                    + "Certificate fingerprints:\n"
+                    + "\t MD5:  " + getCertFingerPrint("MD5", cert)
+                    + "\n"
+                    + "\t SHA1: " + getCertFingerPrint("SHA1", cert));
+        */
+
+        MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("*PATTERN* printX509Cert"));
+        Object[] source = {cert.getSubjectDN().toString(),
+                        cert.getIssuerDN().toString(),
+                        cert.getSerialNumber().toString(16),
+                        cert.getNotBefore().toString(),
+                        cert.getNotAfter().toString(),
+                        getCertFingerPrint("MD5", cert),
+                        getCertFingerPrint("SHA1", cert),
+                        cert.getSigAlgName(),
+                        cert.getVersion()
+                        };
+        out.println(form.format(source));
+
+        int extnum = 0;
+        if (cert instanceof X509CertImpl) {
+            X509CertImpl impl = (X509CertImpl)cert;
+            if (cert.getCriticalExtensionOIDs() != null) {
+                for (String extOID : cert.getCriticalExtensionOIDs()) {
+                    if (extnum == 0) {
+                        out.println();
+                        out.println(rb.getString("Extensions: "));
+                        out.println();
+                    }
+                    out.println("#"+(++extnum)+": "+
+                            impl.getExtension(new ObjectIdentifier(extOID)));
+                }
+            }
+            if (cert.getNonCriticalExtensionOIDs() != null) {
+                for (String extOID : cert.getNonCriticalExtensionOIDs()) {
+                    if (extnum == 0) {
+                        out.println();
+                        out.println(rb.getString("Extensions: "));
+                        out.println();
+                    }
+                    Extension ext = impl.getExtension(new ObjectIdentifier(extOID));
+                    if (ext != null) {
+                        out.println("#"+(++extnum)+": "+ ext);
+                    } else {
+                        out.println("#"+(++extnum)+": "+
+                                impl.getUnparseableExtension(new ObjectIdentifier(extOID)));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the certificate is self-signed, false otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean isSelfSigned(X509Certificate cert) {
+        return cert.getSubjectDN().equals(cert.getIssuerDN());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given certificate is trusted, false otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean isTrusted(Certificate cert)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (keyStore.getCertificateAlias(cert) != null) {
+            return true; // found in own keystore
+        }
+        if (trustcacerts && (caks != null) &&
+                (caks.getCertificateAlias(cert) != null)) {
+            return true; // found in CA keystore
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets an X.500 name suitable for inclusion in a certification request.
+     */
+    private X500Name getX500Name() throws IOException {
+        BufferedReader in;
+        in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        String commonName = "Unknown";
+        String organizationalUnit = "Unknown";
+        String organization = "Unknown";
+        String city = "Unknown";
+        String state = "Unknown";
+        String country = "Unknown";
+        X500Name name;
+        String userInput = null;
+
+        int maxRetry = 20;
+        do {
+            if (maxRetry-- < 0) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(rb.getString(
+                        "Too may retries, program terminated"));
+            }
+            commonName = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString("What is your first and last name?"),
+                    commonName);
+            organizationalUnit = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString
+                        ("What is the name of your organizational unit?"),
+                    organizationalUnit);
+            organization = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString("What is the name of your organization?"),
+                    organization);
+            city = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString("What is the name of your City or Locality?"),
+                    city);
+            state = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString("What is the name of your State or Province?"),
+                    state);
+            country = inputString(in,
+                    rb.getString
+                        ("What is the two-letter country code for this unit?"),
+                    country);
+            name = new X500Name(commonName, organizationalUnit, organization,
+                                city, state, country);
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Is <name> correct?"));
+            Object[] source = {name};
+            userInput = inputString
+                (in, form.format(source), rb.getString("no"));
+        } while (collator.compare(userInput, rb.getString("yes")) != 0 &&
+                 collator.compare(userInput, rb.getString("y")) != 0);
+
+        System.err.println();
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    private String inputString(BufferedReader in, String prompt,
+                               String defaultValue)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        System.err.println(prompt);
+        MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("  [defaultValue]:  "));
+        Object[] source = {defaultValue};
+        System.err.print(form.format(source));
+        System.err.flush();
+
+        String value = in.readLine();
+        if (value == null || collator.compare(value, "") == 0) {
+            value = defaultValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes an X.509 certificate in base64 or binary encoding to an output
+     * stream.
+     */
+    private void dumpCert(Certificate cert, PrintStream out)
+        throws IOException, CertificateException
+    {
+        if (rfc) {
+            BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
+            out.println(X509Factory.BEGIN_CERT);
+            encoder.encodeBuffer(cert.getEncoded(), out);
+            out.println(X509Factory.END_CERT);
+        } else {
+            out.write(cert.getEncoded()); // binary
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a byte to hex digit and writes to the supplied buffer
+     */
+    private void byte2hex(byte b, StringBuffer buf) {
+        char[] hexChars = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
+                            '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+        int high = ((b & 0xf0) >> 4);
+        int low = (b & 0x0f);
+        buf.append(hexChars[high]);
+        buf.append(hexChars[low]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a byte array to hex string
+     */
+    private String toHexString(byte[] block) {
+        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
+        int len = block.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+             byte2hex(block[i], buf);
+             if (i < len-1) {
+                 buf.append(":");
+             }
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recovers (private) key associated with given alias.
+     *
+     * @return an array of objects, where the 1st element in the array is the
+     * recovered private key, and the 2nd element is the password used to
+     * recover it.
+     */
+    private Object[] recoverKey(String alias, char[] storePass,
+                                       char[] keyPass)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        Key key = null;
+
+        if (keyStore.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+        if (!keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias, KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry.class) &&
+                !keyStore.entryInstanceOf(alias, KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry.class)) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> has no key"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        if (keyPass == null) {
+            // Try to recover the key using the keystore password
+            try {
+                key = keyStore.getKey(alias, storePass);
+
+                keyPass = storePass;
+                passwords.add(keyPass);
+            } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
+                // Did not work out, so prompt user for key password
+                if (!token) {
+                    keyPass = getKeyPasswd(alias, null, null);
+                    key = keyStore.getKey(alias, keyPass);
+                } else {
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            key = keyStore.getKey(alias, keyPass);
+        }
+
+        return new Object[] {key, keyPass};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recovers entry associated with given alias.
+     *
+     * @return an array of objects, where the 1st element in the array is the
+     * recovered entry, and the 2nd element is the password used to
+     * recover it (null if no password).
+     */
+    private Object[] recoverEntry(KeyStore ks,
+                            String alias,
+                            char[] pstore,
+                            char[] pkey) throws Exception {
+
+        if (ks.containsAlias(alias) == false) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat
+                (rb.getString("Alias <alias> does not exist"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        PasswordProtection pp = null;
+        Entry entry;
+
+        try {
+            // First attempt to access entry without key password
+            // (PKCS11 entry or trusted certificate entry, for example)
+
+            entry = ks.getEntry(alias, pp);
+            pkey = null;
+        } catch (UnrecoverableEntryException une) {
+
+            if(P11KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(ks.getType()) ||
+                KeyStoreUtil.isWindowsKeyStore(ks.getType())) {
+                // should not happen, but a possibility
+                throw une;
+            }
+
+            // entry is protected
+
+            if (pkey != null) {
+
+                // try provided key password
+
+                pp = new PasswordProtection(pkey);
+                entry = ks.getEntry(alias, pp);
+
+            } else {
+
+                // try store pass
+
+                try {
+                    pp = new PasswordProtection(pstore);
+                    entry = ks.getEntry(alias, pp);
+                    pkey = pstore;
+                } catch (UnrecoverableEntryException une2) {
+                    if (P12KEYSTORE.equalsIgnoreCase(ks.getType())) {
+
+                        // P12 keystore currently does not support separate
+                        // store and entry passwords
+
+                        throw une2;
+                    } else {
+
+                        // prompt for entry password
+
+                        pkey = getKeyPasswd(alias, null, null);
+                        pp = new PasswordProtection(pkey);
+                        entry = ks.getEntry(alias, pp);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Object[] {entry, pkey};
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the requested finger print of the certificate.
+     */
+    private String getCertFingerPrint(String mdAlg, Certificate cert)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        byte[] encCertInfo = cert.getEncoded();
+        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(mdAlg);
+        byte[] digest = md.digest(encCertInfo);
+        return toHexString(digest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints warning about missing integrity check.
+     */
+    private void printWarning() {
+        System.err.println();
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+            ("*****************  WARNING WARNING WARNING  *****************"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+            ("* The integrity of the information stored in your keystore  *"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+            ("* has NOT been verified!  In order to verify its integrity, *"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+            ("* you must provide your keystore password.                  *"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+            ("*****************  WARNING WARNING WARNING  *****************"));
+        System.err.println();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates chain in certification reply, and returns the ordered
+     * elements of the chain (with user certificate first, and root
+     * certificate last in the array).
+     *
+     * @param alias the alias name
+     * @param userCert the user certificate of the alias
+     * @param replyCerts the chain provided in the reply
+     */
+    private Certificate[] validateReply(String alias,
+                                        Certificate userCert,
+                                        Certificate[] replyCerts)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        // order the certs in the reply (bottom-up).
+        // we know that all certs in the reply are of type X.509, because
+        // we parsed them using an X.509 certificate factory
+        int i;
+        PublicKey userPubKey = userCert.getPublicKey();
+        for (i=0; i<replyCerts.length; i++) {
+            if (userPubKey.equals(replyCerts[i].getPublicKey())) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (i == replyCerts.length) {
+            MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(rb.getString
+                ("Certificate reply does not contain public key for <alias>"));
+            Object[] source = {alias};
+            throw new Exception(form.format(source));
+        }
+
+        Certificate tmpCert = replyCerts[0];
+        replyCerts[0] = replyCerts[i];
+        replyCerts[i] = tmpCert;
+        Principal issuer = ((X509Certificate)replyCerts[0]).getIssuerDN();
+
+        for (i=1; i < replyCerts.length-1; i++) {
+            // find a cert in the reply whose "subject" is the same as the
+            // given "issuer"
+            int j;
+            for (j=i; j<replyCerts.length; j++) {
+                Principal subject;
+                subject = ((X509Certificate)replyCerts[j]).getSubjectDN();
+                if (subject.equals(issuer)) {
+                    tmpCert = replyCerts[i];
+                    replyCerts[i] = replyCerts[j];
+                    replyCerts[j] = tmpCert;
+                    issuer = ((X509Certificate)replyCerts[i]).getIssuerDN();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (j == replyCerts.length) {
+                throw new Exception
+                    (rb.getString("Incomplete certificate chain in reply"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now verify each cert in the ordered chain
+        for (i=0; i<replyCerts.length-1; i++) {
+            PublicKey pubKey = replyCerts[i+1].getPublicKey();
+            try {
+                replyCerts[i].verify(pubKey);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Certificate chain in reply does not verify: ") +
+                        e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (noprompt) {
+            return replyCerts;
+        }
+
+        // do we trust the (root) cert at the top?
+        Certificate topCert = replyCerts[replyCerts.length-1];
+        if (!isTrusted(topCert)) {
+            boolean verified = false;
+            Certificate rootCert = null;
+            if (trustcacerts && (caks!= null)) {
+                for (Enumeration<String> aliases = caks.aliases();
+                     aliases.hasMoreElements(); ) {
+                    String name = aliases.nextElement();
+                    rootCert = caks.getCertificate(name);
+                    if (rootCert != null) {
+                        try {
+                            topCert.verify(rootCert.getPublicKey());
+                            verified = true;
+                            break;
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!verified) {
+                System.err.println();
+                System.err.println
+                        (rb.getString("Top-level certificate in reply:\n"));
+                printX509Cert((X509Certificate)topCert, System.out);
+                System.err.println();
+                System.err.print(rb.getString("... is not trusted. "));
+                String reply = getYesNoReply
+                        (rb.getString("Install reply anyway? [no]:  "));
+                if ("NO".equals(reply)) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!isSelfSigned((X509Certificate)topCert)) {
+                    // append the (self-signed) root CA cert to the chain
+                    Certificate[] tmpCerts =
+                        new Certificate[replyCerts.length+1];
+                    System.arraycopy(replyCerts, 0, tmpCerts, 0,
+                                     replyCerts.length);
+                    tmpCerts[tmpCerts.length-1] = rootCert;
+                    replyCerts = tmpCerts;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return replyCerts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Establishes a certificate chain (using trusted certificates in the
+     * keystore), starting with the user certificate
+     * and ending at a self-signed certificate found in the keystore.
+     *
+     * @param userCert the user certificate of the alias
+     * @param certToVerify the single certificate provided in the reply
+     */
+    private Certificate[] establishCertChain(Certificate userCert,
+                                             Certificate certToVerify)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        if (userCert != null) {
+            // Make sure that the public key of the certificate reply matches
+            // the original public key in the keystore
+            PublicKey origPubKey = userCert.getPublicKey();
+            PublicKey replyPubKey = certToVerify.getPublicKey();
+            if (!origPubKey.equals(replyPubKey)) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Public keys in reply and keystore don't match"));
+            }
+
+            // If the two certs are identical, we're done: no need to import
+            // anything
+            if (certToVerify.equals(userCert)) {
+                throw new Exception(rb.getString
+                        ("Certificate reply and certificate in keystore are identical"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build a hash table of all certificates in the keystore.
+        // Use the subject distinguished name as the key into the hash table.
+        // All certificates associated with the same subject distinguished
+        // name are stored in the same hash table entry as a vector.
+        Hashtable<Principal, Vector<Certificate>> certs = null;
+        if (keyStore.size() > 0) {
+            certs = new Hashtable<Principal, Vector<Certificate>>(11);
+            keystorecerts2Hashtable(keyStore, certs);
+        }
+        if (trustcacerts) {
+            if (caks!=null && caks.size()>0) {
+                if (certs == null) {
+                    certs = new Hashtable<Principal, Vector<Certificate>>(11);
+                }
+                keystorecerts2Hashtable(caks, certs);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // start building chain
+        Vector<Certificate> chain = new Vector<Certificate>(2);
+        if (buildChain((X509Certificate)certToVerify, chain, certs)) {
+            Certificate[] newChain = new Certificate[chain.size()];
+            // buildChain() returns chain with self-signed root-cert first and
+            // user-cert last, so we need to invert the chain before we store
+            // it
+            int j=0;
+            for (int i=chain.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                newChain[j] = chain.elementAt(i);
+                j++;
+            }
+            return newChain;
+        } else {
+            throw new Exception
+                (rb.getString("Failed to establish chain from reply"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively tries to establish chain from pool of trusted certs.
+     *
+     * @param certToVerify the cert that needs to be verified.
+     * @param chain the chain that's being built.
+     * @param certs the pool of trusted certs
+     *
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean buildChain(X509Certificate certToVerify,
+                        Vector<Certificate> chain,
+                        Hashtable<Principal, Vector<Certificate>> certs) {
+        Principal subject = certToVerify.getSubjectDN();
+        Principal issuer = certToVerify.getIssuerDN();
+        if (subject.equals(issuer)) {
+            // reached self-signed root cert;
+            // no verification needed because it's trusted.
+            chain.addElement(certToVerify);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Get the issuer's certificate(s)
+        Vector<Certificate> vec = certs.get(issuer);
+        if (vec == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Try out each certificate in the vector, until we find one
+        // whose public key verifies the signature of the certificate
+        // in question.
+        for (Enumeration<Certificate> issuerCerts = vec.elements();
+             issuerCerts.hasMoreElements(); ) {
+            X509Certificate issuerCert
+                = (X509Certificate)issuerCerts.nextElement();
+            PublicKey issuerPubKey = issuerCert.getPublicKey();
+            try {
+                certToVerify.verify(issuerPubKey);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (buildChain(issuerCert, chain, certs)) {
+                chain.addElement(certToVerify);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prompts user for yes/no decision.
+     *
+     * @return the user's decision, can only be "YES" or "NO"
+     */
+    private String getYesNoReply(String prompt)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        String reply = null;
+        int maxRetry = 20;
+        do {
+            if (maxRetry-- < 0) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(rb.getString(
+                        "Too may retries, program terminated"));
+            }
+            System.err.print(prompt);
+            System.err.flush();
+            reply = (new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader
+                                        (System.in))).readLine();
+            if (collator.compare(reply, "") == 0 ||
+                collator.compare(reply, rb.getString("n")) == 0 ||
+                collator.compare(reply, rb.getString("no")) == 0) {
+                reply = "NO";
+            } else if (collator.compare(reply, rb.getString("y")) == 0 ||
+                       collator.compare(reply, rb.getString("yes")) == 0) {
+                reply = "YES";
+            } else {
+                System.err.println(rb.getString("Wrong answer, try again"));
+                reply = null;
+            }
+        } while (reply == null);
+        return reply;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the keystore with the configured CA certificates.
+     */
+    private KeyStore getCacertsKeyStore()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        String sep = File.separator;
+        File file = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + sep
+                             + "lib" + sep + "security" + sep
+                             + "cacerts");
+        if (!file.exists()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        FileInputStream fis = null;
+        KeyStore caks = null;
+        try {
+            fis = new FileInputStream(file);
+            caks = KeyStore.getInstance(JKS);
+            caks.load(fis, null);
+        } finally {
+            if (fis != null) {
+                fis.close();
+            }
+        }
+        return caks;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the (leaf) certificates of a keystore in a hashtable.
+     * All certs belonging to the same CA are stored in a vector that
+     * in turn is stored in the hashtable, keyed by the CA's subject DN
+     */
+    private void keystorecerts2Hashtable(KeyStore ks,
+                Hashtable<Principal, Vector<Certificate>> hash)
+        throws Exception {
+
+        for (Enumeration<String> aliases = ks.aliases();
+                                        aliases.hasMoreElements(); ) {
+            String alias = aliases.nextElement();
+            Certificate cert = ks.getCertificate(alias);
+            if (cert != null) {
+                Principal subjectDN = ((X509Certificate)cert).getSubjectDN();
+                Vector<Certificate> vec = hash.get(subjectDN);
+                if (vec == null) {
+                    vec = new Vector<Certificate>();
+                    vec.addElement(cert);
+                } else {
+                    if (!vec.contains(cert)) {
+                        vec.addElement(cert);
+                    }
+                }
+                hash.put(subjectDN, vec);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the issue time that's specified the -startdate option
+     * @param s the value of -startdate option
+     */
+    private static Date getStartDate(String s) throws IOException {
+        Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar();
+        if (s != null) {
+            IOException ioe = new IOException(
+                    rb.getString("Illegal startdate value"));
+            int len = s.length();
+            if (len == 0) {
+                throw ioe;
+            }
+            if (s.charAt(0) == '-' || s.charAt(0) == '+') {
+                // Form 1: ([+-]nnn[ymdHMS])+
+                int start = 0;
+                while (start < len) {
+                    int sign = 0;
+                    switch (s.charAt(start)) {
+                        case '+': sign = 1; break;
+                        case '-': sign = -1; break;
+                        default: throw ioe;
+                    }
+                    int i = start+1;
+                    for (; i<len; i++) {
+                        char ch = s.charAt(i);
+                        if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') break;
+                    }
+                    if (i == start+1) throw ioe;
+                    int number = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(start+1, i));
+                    if (i >= len) throw ioe;
+                    int unit = 0;
+                    switch (s.charAt(i)) {
+                        case 'y': unit = Calendar.YEAR; break;
+                        case 'm': unit = Calendar.MONTH; break;
+                        case 'd': unit = Calendar.DATE; break;
+                        case 'H': unit = Calendar.HOUR; break;
+                        case 'M': unit = Calendar.MINUTE; break;
+                        case 'S': unit = Calendar.SECOND; break;
+                        default: throw ioe;
+                    }
+                    c.add(unit, sign * number);
+                    start = i + 1;
+                }
+            } else  {
+                // Form 2: [yyyy/mm/dd] [HH:MM:SS]
+                String date = null, time = null;
+                if (len == 19) {
+                    date = s.substring(0, 10);
+                    time = s.substring(11);
+                    if (s.charAt(10) != ' ')
+                        throw ioe;
+                } else if (len == 10) {
+                    date = s;
+                } else if (len == 8) {
+                    time = s;
+                } else {
+                    throw ioe;
+                }
+                if (date != null) {
+                    if (date.matches("\\d\\d\\d\\d\\/\\d\\d\\/\\d\\d")) {
+                        c.set(Integer.valueOf(date.substring(0, 4)),
+                                Integer.valueOf(date.substring(5, 7))-1,
+                                Integer.valueOf(date.substring(8, 10)));
+                    } else {
+                        throw ioe;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (time != null) {
+                    if (time.matches("\\d\\d:\\d\\d:\\d\\d")) {
+                        c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, Integer.valueOf(time.substring(0, 2)));
+                        c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, Integer.valueOf(time.substring(0, 2)));
+                        c.set(Calendar.SECOND, Integer.valueOf(time.substring(0, 2)));
+                        c.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
+                    } else {
+                        throw ioe;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return c.getTime();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints the usage of this tool.
+     */
+    private void usage() {
+        System.err.println(rb.getString("keytool usage:\n"));
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-certreq     [-v] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>] [-sigalg <sigalg>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-file <csr_file>] [-keypass <keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-changealias [-v] [-protected] -alias <alias> -destalias <destalias>"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keypass <keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-delete      [-v] [-protected] -alias <alias>"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-exportcert  [-v] [-rfc] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>] [-file <cert_file>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-genkeypair  [-v] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keyalg <keyalg>] [-keysize <keysize>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-sigalg <sigalg>] [-dname <dname>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-startdate <startdate>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-validity <valDays>] [-keypass <keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-genseckey   [-v] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>] [-keypass <keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keyalg <keyalg>] [-keysize <keysize>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString("-help"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-importcert  [-v] [-noprompt] [-trustcacerts] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-file <cert_file>] [-keypass <keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-importkeystore [-v] "));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srckeystore <srckeystore>] [-destkeystore <destkeystore>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srcstoretype <srcstoretype>] [-deststoretype <deststoretype>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srcstorepass <srcstorepass>] [-deststorepass <deststorepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srcprotected] [-destprotected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srcprovidername <srcprovidername>]\n\t     [-destprovidername <destprovidername>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-srcalias <srcalias> [-destalias <destalias>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t       [-srckeypass <srckeypass>] [-destkeypass <destkeypass>]]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-noprompt]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-keypasswd   [-v] [-alias <alias>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keypass <old_keypass>] [-new <new_keypass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-list        [-v | -rfc] [-protected]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-alias <alias>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-printcert   [-v] [-file <cert_file>]"));
+        System.err.println();
+
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("-storepasswd [-v] [-new <new_storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-storetype <storetype>] [-providername <name>]"));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerclass <provider_class_name> [-providerarg <arg>]] ..."));
+        System.err.println(rb.getString
+                ("\t     [-providerpath <pathlist>]"));
+
+        if (debug) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("NO ERROR, SORRY");
+        } else {
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void tinyHelp() {
+        System.err.println(rb.getString("Try keytool -help"));
+
+        // do not drown user with the help lines.
+        if (debug) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("NO BIG ERROR, SORRY");
+        } else {
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void errorNeedArgument(String flag) {
+        Object[] source = {flag};
+        System.err.println(new MessageFormat(
+                rb.getString("Command option <flag> needs an argument.")).format(source));
+        tinyHelp();
+    }
+}
+
+// This class is exactly the same as com.sun.tools.javac.util.Pair,
+// it's copied here since the original one is not included in JRE.
+class Pair<A, B> {
+
+    public final A fst;
+    public final B snd;
+
+    public Pair(A fst, B snd) {
+        this.fst = fst;
+        this.snd = snd;
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Pair[" + fst + "," + snd + "]";
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equals(Object x, Object y) {
+        return (x == null && y == null) || (x != null && x.equals(y));
+    }
+
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        return
+            other instanceof Pair &&
+            equals(fst, ((Pair)other).fst) &&
+            equals(snd, ((Pair)other).snd);
+    }
+
+    public int hashCode() {
+        if (fst == null) return (snd == null) ? 0 : snd.hashCode() + 1;
+        else if (snd == null) return fst.hashCode() + 2;
+        else return fst.hashCode() * 17 + snd.hashCode();
+    }
+}