jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/HashMap.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 65 51fc1d79463f
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/HashMap.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package java.util;
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * Hash table based implementation of the <tt>Map</tt> interface.  This
+ * implementation provides all of the optional map operations, and permits
+ * <tt>null</tt> values and the <tt>null</tt> key.  (The <tt>HashMap</tt>
+ * class is roughly equivalent to <tt>Hashtable</tt>, except that it is
+ * unsynchronized and permits nulls.)  This class makes no guarantees as to
+ * the order of the map; in particular, it does not guarantee that the order
+ * will remain constant over time.
+ *
+ * <p>This implementation provides constant-time performance for the basic
+ * operations (<tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>), assuming the hash function
+ * disperses the elements properly among the buckets.  Iteration over
+ * collection views requires time proportional to the "capacity" of the
+ * <tt>HashMap</tt> instance (the number of buckets) plus its size (the number
+ * of key-value mappings).  Thus, it's very important not to set the initial
+ * capacity too high (or the load factor too low) if iteration performance is
+ * important.
+ *
+ * <p>An instance of <tt>HashMap</tt> has two parameters that affect its
+ * performance: <i>initial capacity</i> and <i>load factor</i>.  The
+ * <i>capacity</i> is the number of buckets in the hash table, and the initial
+ * capacity is simply the capacity at the time the hash table is created.  The
+ * <i>load factor</i> is a measure of how full the hash table is allowed to
+ * get before its capacity is automatically increased.  When the number of
+ * entries in the hash table exceeds the product of the load factor and the
+ * current capacity, the hash table is <i>rehashed</i> (that is, internal data
+ * structures are rebuilt) so that the hash table has approximately twice the
+ * number of buckets.
+ *
+ * <p>As a general rule, the default load factor (.75) offers a good tradeoff
+ * between time and space costs.  Higher values decrease the space overhead
+ * but increase the lookup cost (reflected in most of the operations of the
+ * <tt>HashMap</tt> class, including <tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>).  The
+ * expected number of entries in the map and its load factor should be taken
+ * into account when setting its initial capacity, so as to minimize the
+ * number of rehash operations.  If the initial capacity is greater
+ * than the maximum number of entries divided by the load factor, no
+ * rehash operations will ever occur.
+ *
+ * <p>If many mappings are to be stored in a <tt>HashMap</tt> instance,
+ * creating it with a sufficiently large capacity will allow the mappings to
+ * be stored more efficiently than letting it perform automatic rehashing as
+ * needed to grow the table.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
+ * If multiple threads access a hash map concurrently, and at least one of
+ * the threads modifies the map structurally, it <i>must</i> be
+ * synchronized externally.  (A structural modification is any operation
+ * that adds or deletes one or more mappings; merely changing the value
+ * associated with a key that an instance already contains is not a
+ * structural modification.)  This is typically accomplished by
+ * synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
+ *
+ * If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
+ * {@link Collections#synchronizedMap Collections.synchronizedMap}
+ * method.  This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
+ * unsynchronized access to the map:<pre>
+ *   Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(...));</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>The iterators returned by all of this class's "collection view methods"
+ * are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
+ * the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
+ * <tt>remove</tt> method, the iterator will throw a
+ * {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.  Thus, in the face of concurrent
+ * modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
+ * arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the
+ * future.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
+ * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
+ * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast iterators
+ * throw <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> on a best-effort basis.
+ * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
+ * exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
+ * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
+ *
+ * <p>This class is a member of the
+ * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
+ * Java Collections Framework</a>.
+ *
+ * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
+ * @param <V> the type of mapped values
+ *
+ * @author  Doug Lea
+ * @author  Josh Bloch
+ * @author  Arthur van Hoff
+ * @author  Neal Gafter
+ * @see     Object#hashCode()
+ * @see     Collection
+ * @see     Map
+ * @see     TreeMap
+ * @see     Hashtable
+ * @since   1.2
+ */
+
+public class HashMap<K,V>
+    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
+    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable
+{
+
+    /**
+     * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
+     */
+    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
+     * by either of the constructors with arguments.
+     * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
+     */
+    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
+
+    /**
+     * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
+     */
+    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
+
+    /**
+     * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
+     */
+    transient Entry[] table;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
+     */
+    transient int size;
+
+    /**
+     * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
+     * @serial
+     */
+    int threshold;
+
+    /**
+     * The load factor for the hash table.
+     *
+     * @serial
+     */
+    final float loadFactor;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
+     * Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
+     * the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
+     * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
+     * the HashMap fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
+     */
+    transient volatile int modCount;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
+     * capacity and load factor.
+     *
+     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
+     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
+     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
+     */
+    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
+        if (initialCapacity < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
+                                               initialCapacity);
+        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
+            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
+        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
+                                               loadFactor);
+
+        // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
+        int capacity = 1;
+        while (capacity < initialCapacity)
+            capacity <<= 1;
+
+        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
+        threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);
+        table = new Entry[capacity];
+        init();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
+     * capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
+     *
+     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
+     */
+    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
+        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
+     * (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
+     */
+    public HashMap() {
+        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
+        threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
+        table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];
+        init();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
+     * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
+     * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
+     * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
+     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
+     */
+    public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
+                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
+        putAllForCreate(m);
+    }
+
+    // internal utilities
+
+    /**
+     * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called
+     * in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject)
+     * after HashMap has been initialized but before any entries have
+     * been inserted.  (In the absence of this method, readObject would
+     * require explicit knowledge of subclasses.)
+     */
+    void init() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which
+     * defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is critical
+     * because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
+     * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
+     * in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash 0, thus index 0.
+     */
+    static int hash(int h) {
+        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
+        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
+        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
+        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
+        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns index for hash code h.
+     */
+    static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
+        return h & (length-1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
+     *
+     * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
+     */
+    public int size() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
+     *
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
+     */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return size == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
+     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
+     *
+     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
+     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
+     * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
+     * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
+     *
+     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
+     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
+     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
+     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
+     * distinguish these two cases.
+     *
+     * @see #put(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public V get(Object key) {
+        if (key == null)
+            return getForNullKey();
+        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
+             e != null;
+             e = e.next) {
+            Object k;
+            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))
+                return e.value;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Offloaded version of get() to look up null keys.  Null keys map
+     * to index 0.  This null case is split out into separate methods
+     * for the sake of performance in the two most commonly used
+     * operations (get and put), but incorporated with conditionals in
+     * others.
+     */
+    private V getForNullKey() {
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
+            if (e.key == null)
+                return e.value;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
+     * specified key.
+     *
+     * @param   key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
+     * key.
+     */
+    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
+        return getEntry(key) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the
+     * HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
+     * for the key.
+     */
+    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
+        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
+             e != null;
+             e = e.next) {
+            Object k;
+            if (e.hash == hash &&
+                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
+                return e;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
+     * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
+     * value is replaced.
+     *
+     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
+     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
+     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
+     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
+     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
+     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
+     */
+    public V put(K key, V value) {
+        if (key == null)
+            return putForNullKey(value);
+        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
+        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
+            Object k;
+            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
+                V oldValue = e.value;
+                e.value = value;
+                e.recordAccess(this);
+                return oldValue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        modCount++;
+        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Offloaded version of put for null keys
+     */
+    private V putForNullKey(V value) {
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
+            if (e.key == null) {
+                V oldValue = e.value;
+                e.value = value;
+                e.recordAccess(this);
+                return oldValue;
+            }
+        }
+        modCount++;
+        addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is used instead of put by constructors and
+     * pseudoconstructors (clone, readObject).  It does not resize the table,
+     * check for comodification, etc.  It calls createEntry rather than
+     * addEntry.
+     */
+    private void putForCreate(K key, V value) {
+        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
+        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
+
+        /**
+         * Look for preexisting entry for key.  This will never happen for
+         * clone or deserialize.  It will only happen for construction if the
+         * input Map is a sorted map whose ordering is inconsistent w/ equals.
+         */
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
+            Object k;
+            if (e.hash == hash &&
+                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
+                e.value = value;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        createEntry(hash, key, value, i);
+    }
+
+    private void putAllForCreate(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+        for (Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> i = m.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
+            Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e = i.next();
+            putForCreate(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rehashes the contents of this map into a new array with a
+     * larger capacity.  This method is called automatically when the
+     * number of keys in this map reaches its threshold.
+     *
+     * If current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, this method does not
+     * resize the map, but sets threshold to Integer.MAX_VALUE.
+     * This has the effect of preventing future calls.
+     *
+     * @param newCapacity the new capacity, MUST be a power of two;
+     *        must be greater than current capacity unless current
+     *        capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case value
+     *        is irrelevant).
+     */
+    void resize(int newCapacity) {
+        Entry[] oldTable = table;
+        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
+        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
+            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
+        transfer(newTable);
+        table = newTable;
+        threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Transfers all entries from current table to newTable.
+     */
+    void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
+        Entry[] src = table;
+        int newCapacity = newTable.length;
+        for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
+            Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
+            if (e != null) {
+                src[j] = null;
+                do {
+                    Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
+                    int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
+                    e.next = newTable[i];
+                    newTable[i] = e;
+                    e = next;
+                } while (e != null);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
+     * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for
+     * any of the keys currently in the specified map.
+     *
+     * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
+     */
+    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+        int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
+        if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
+            return;
+
+        /*
+         * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
+         * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the
+         * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
+         * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
+         * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
+         * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
+         * to at most one extra resize.
+         */
+        if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
+            int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
+            if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
+                targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
+            int newCapacity = table.length;
+            while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
+                newCapacity <<= 1;
+            if (newCapacity > table.length)
+                resize(newCapacity);
+        }
+
+        for (Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> i = m.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
+            Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e = i.next();
+            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
+     *
+     * @param  key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
+     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
+     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
+     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
+     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
+     */
+    public V remove(Object key) {
+        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
+        return (e == null ? null : e.value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key
+     * in the HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
+     * for this key.
+     */
+    final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
+        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
+        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
+        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
+        Entry<K,V> e = prev;
+
+        while (e != null) {
+            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
+            Object k;
+            if (e.hash == hash &&
+                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
+                modCount++;
+                size--;
+                if (prev == e)
+                    table[i] = next;
+                else
+                    prev.next = next;
+                e.recordRemoval(this);
+                return e;
+            }
+            prev = e;
+            e = next;
+        }
+
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Special version of remove for EntrySet.
+     */
+    final Entry<K,V> removeMapping(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
+            return null;
+
+        Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
+        Object key = entry.getKey();
+        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
+        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
+        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
+        Entry<K,V> e = prev;
+
+        while (e != null) {
+            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
+            if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {
+                modCount++;
+                size--;
+                if (prev == e)
+                    table[i] = next;
+                else
+                    prev.next = next;
+                e.recordRemoval(this);
+                return e;
+            }
+            prev = e;
+            e = next;
+        }
+
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
+     * The map will be empty after this call returns.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        modCount++;
+        Entry[] tab = table;
+        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)
+            tab[i] = null;
+        size = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
+     * specified value.
+     *
+     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
+     *         specified value
+     */
+    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
+        if (value == null)
+            return containsNullValue();
+
+        Entry[] tab = table;
+        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
+            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
+                if (value.equals(e.value))
+                    return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument
+     */
+    private boolean containsNullValue() {
+        Entry[] tab = table;
+        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
+            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
+                if (e.value == null)
+                    return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
+     * values themselves are not cloned.
+     *
+     * @return a shallow copy of this map
+     */
+    public Object clone() {
+        HashMap<K,V> result = null;
+        try {
+            result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();
+        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+            // assert false;
+        }
+        result.table = new Entry[table.length];
+        result.entrySet = null;
+        result.modCount = 0;
+        result.size = 0;
+        result.init();
+        result.putAllForCreate(this);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
+        final K key;
+        V value;
+        Entry<K,V> next;
+        final int hash;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates new entry.
+         */
+        Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
+            value = v;
+            next = n;
+            key = k;
+            hash = h;
+        }
+
+        public final K getKey() {
+            return key;
+        }
+
+        public final V getValue() {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
+            V oldValue = value;
+            value = newValue;
+            return oldValue;
+        }
+
+        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
+                return false;
+            Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
+            Object k1 = getKey();
+            Object k2 = e.getKey();
+            if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
+                Object v1 = getValue();
+                Object v2 = e.getValue();
+                if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public final int hashCode() {
+            return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^
+                   (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
+        }
+
+        public final String toString() {
+            return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
+         * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
+         * in the HashMap.
+         */
+        void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
+         * removed from the table.
+         */
+        void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to
+     * the specified bucket.  It is the responsibility of this
+     * method to resize the table if appropriate.
+     *
+     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method.
+     */
+    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
+        Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
+        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
+        if (size++ >= threshold)
+            resize(2 * table.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like addEntry except that this version is used when creating entries
+     * as part of Map construction or "pseudo-construction" (cloning,
+     * deserialization).  This version needn't worry about resizing the table.
+     *
+     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of HashMap(Map),
+     * clone, and readObject.
+     */
+    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
+        Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
+        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
+        size++;
+    }
+
+    private abstract class HashIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
+        Entry<K,V> next;        // next entry to return
+        int expectedModCount;   // For fast-fail
+        int index;              // current slot
+        Entry<K,V> current;     // current entry
+
+        HashIterator() {
+            expectedModCount = modCount;
+            if (size > 0) { // advance to first entry
+                Entry[] t = table;
+                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)
+                    ;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public final boolean hasNext() {
+            return next != null;
+        }
+
+        final Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
+            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
+                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+            Entry<K,V> e = next;
+            if (e == null)
+                throw new NoSuchElementException();
+
+            if ((next = e.next) == null) {
+                Entry[] t = table;
+                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)
+                    ;
+            }
+            current = e;
+            return e;
+        }
+
+        public void remove() {
+            if (current == null)
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
+                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+            Object k = current.key;
+            current = null;
+            HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(k);
+            expectedModCount = modCount;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator<V> {
+        public V next() {
+            return nextEntry().value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
+        public K next() {
+            return nextEntry().getKey();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
+        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
+            return nextEntry();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Subclass overrides these to alter behavior of views' iterator() method
+    Iterator<K> newKeyIterator()   {
+        return new KeyIterator();
+    }
+    Iterator<V> newValueIterator()   {
+        return new ValueIterator();
+    }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> newEntryIterator()   {
+        return new EntryIterator();
+    }
+
+
+    // Views
+
+    private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
+     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
+     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
+     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
+     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of
+     * the iteration are undefined.  The set supports element removal,
+     * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
+     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
+     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
+     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt>
+     * operations.
+     */
+    public Set<K> keySet() {
+        Set<K> ks = keySet;
+        return (ks != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet()));
+    }
+
+    private final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
+        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
+            return newKeyIterator();
+        }
+        public int size() {
+            return size;
+        }
+        public boolean contains(Object o) {
+            return containsKey(o);
+        }
+        public boolean remove(Object o) {
+            return HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(o) != null;
+        }
+        public void clear() {
+            HashMap.this.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
+     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
+     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  If the map is
+     * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
+     * (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation),
+     * the results of the iteration are undefined.  The collection
+     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
+     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
+     * <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
+     * <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not
+     * support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
+     */
+    public Collection<V> values() {
+        Collection<V> vs = values;
+        return (vs != null ? vs : (values = new Values()));
+    }
+
+    private final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
+        public Iterator<V> iterator() {
+            return newValueIterator();
+        }
+        public int size() {
+            return size;
+        }
+        public boolean contains(Object o) {
+            return containsValue(o);
+        }
+        public void clear() {
+            HashMap.this.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
+     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
+     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
+     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
+     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
+     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
+     * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set
+     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
+     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
+     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
+     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the
+     * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
+     *
+     * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
+     */
+    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
+        return entrySet0();
+    }
+
+    private Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet0() {
+        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;
+        return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
+    }
+
+    private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
+        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
+            return newEntryIterator();
+        }
+        public boolean contains(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
+                return false;
+            Map.Entry<K,V> e = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
+            Entry<K,V> candidate = getEntry(e.getKey());
+            return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
+        }
+        public boolean remove(Object o) {
+            return removeMapping(o) != null;
+        }
+        public int size() {
+            return size;
+        }
+        public void clear() {
+            HashMap.this.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e.,
+     * serialize it).
+     *
+     * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the
+     *             bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
+     *             <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value
+     *             mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
+     *             for each key-value mapping.  The key-value mappings are
+     *             emitted in no particular order.
+     */
+    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i =
+            (size > 0) ? entrySet0().iterator() : null;
+
+        // Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
+        s.defaultWriteObject();
+
+        // Write out number of buckets
+        s.writeInt(table.length);
+
+        // Write out size (number of Mappings)
+        s.writeInt(size);
+
+        // Write out keys and values (alternating)
+        if (i != null) {
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+                Map.Entry<K,V> e = i.next();
+                s.writeObject(e.getKey());
+                s.writeObject(e.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
+
+    /**
+     * Reconstitute the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance from a stream (i.e.,
+     * deserialize it).
+     */
+    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
+         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        // Read in the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
+        s.defaultReadObject();
+
+        // Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;
+        int numBuckets = s.readInt();
+        table = new Entry[numBuckets];
+
+        init();  // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.
+
+        // Read in size (number of Mappings)
+        int size = s.readInt();
+
+        // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
+        for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
+            K key = (K) s.readObject();
+            V value = (V) s.readObject();
+            putForCreate(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // These methods are used when serializing HashSets
+    int   capacity()     { return table.length; }
+    float loadFactor()   { return loadFactor;   }
+}