jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/ThreadGroup.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 5171 63fef5b098e9
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/ThreadGroup.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1093 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1995-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package java.lang;
+
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import sun.misc.VM;
+
+/**
+ * A thread group represents a set of threads. In addition, a thread
+ * group can also include other thread groups. The thread groups form
+ * a tree in which every thread group except the initial thread group
+ * has a parent.
+ * <p>
+ * A thread is allowed to access information about its own thread
+ * group, but not to access information about its thread group's
+ * parent thread group or any other thread groups.
+ *
+ * @author  unascribed
+ * @since   JDK1.0
+ */
+/* The locking strategy for this code is to try to lock only one level of the
+ * tree wherever possible, but otherwise to lock from the bottom up.
+ * That is, from child thread groups to parents.
+ * This has the advantage of limiting the number of locks that need to be held
+ * and in particular avoids having to grab the lock for the root thread group,
+ * (or a global lock) which would be a source of contention on a
+ * multi-processor system with many thread groups.
+ * This policy often leads to taking a snapshot of the state of a thread group
+ * and working off of that snapshot, rather than holding the thread group locked
+ * while we work on the children.
+ */
+public
+class ThreadGroup implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
+    ThreadGroup parent;
+    String name;
+    int maxPriority;
+    boolean destroyed;
+    boolean daemon;
+    boolean vmAllowSuspension;
+
+    int nUnstartedThreads = 0;
+    int nthreads;
+    Thread threads[];
+
+    int ngroups;
+    ThreadGroup groups[];
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty Thread group that is not in any Thread group.
+     * This method is used to create the system Thread group.
+     */
+    private ThreadGroup() {     // called from C code
+        this.name = "system";
+        this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new thread group. The parent of this new group is
+     * the thread group of the currently running thread.
+     * <p>
+     * The <code>checkAccess</code> method of the parent thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     *
+     * @param   name   the name of the new thread group.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot create a
+     *               thread in the specified thread group.
+     * @see     java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public ThreadGroup(String name) {
+        this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new thread group. The parent of this new group is the
+     * specified thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * The <code>checkAccess</code> method of the parent thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     *
+     * @param     parent   the parent thread group.
+     * @param     name     the name of the new thread group.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the thread group argument is
+     *               <code>null</code>.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot create a
+     *               thread in the specified thread group.
+     * @see     java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see     java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name) {
+        if (parent == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        parent.checkAccess();
+        this.name = name;
+        this.maxPriority = parent.maxPriority;
+        this.daemon = parent.daemon;
+        this.vmAllowSuspension = parent.vmAllowSuspension;
+        this.parent = parent;
+        parent.add(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the name of this thread group.
+     *
+     * @return  the name of this thread group.
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the parent of this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, if the parent is not <code>null</code>, the
+     * <code>checkAccess</code> method of the parent thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     *
+     * @return  the parent of this thread group. The top-level thread group
+     *          is the only thread group whose parent is <code>null</code>.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
+     *               this thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.RuntimePermission
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final ThreadGroup getParent() {
+        if (parent != null)
+            parent.checkAccess();
+        return parent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum priority of this thread group. Threads that are
+     * part of this group cannot have a higher priority than the maximum
+     * priority.
+     *
+     * @return  the maximum priority that a thread in this thread group
+     *          can have.
+     * @see     #setMaxPriority
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final int getMaxPriority() {
+        return maxPriority;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this thread group is a daemon thread group. A
+     * daemon thread group is automatically destroyed when its last
+     * thread is stopped or its last thread group is destroyed.
+     *
+     * @return  <code>true</code> if this thread group is a daemon thread group;
+     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final boolean isDaemon() {
+        return daemon;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this thread group has been destroyed.
+     *
+     * @return  true if this object is destroyed
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     */
+    public synchronized boolean isDestroyed() {
+        return destroyed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the daemon status of this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * A daemon thread group is automatically destroyed when its last
+     * thread is stopped or its last thread group is destroyed.
+     *
+     * @param      daemon   if <code>true</code>, marks this thread group as
+     *                      a daemon thread group; otherwise, marks this
+     *                      thread group as normal.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
+     *               this thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final void setDaemon(boolean daemon) {
+        checkAccess();
+        this.daemon = daemon;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum priority of the group. Threads in the thread
+     * group that already have a higher priority are not affected.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * If the <code>pri</code> argument is less than
+     * {@link Thread#MIN_PRIORITY} or greater than
+     * {@link Thread#MAX_PRIORITY}, the maximum priority of the group
+     * remains unchanged.
+     * <p>
+     * Otherwise, the priority of this ThreadGroup object is set to the
+     * smaller of the specified <code>pri</code> and the maximum permitted
+     * priority of the parent of this thread group. (If this thread group
+     * is the system thread group, which has no parent, then its maximum
+     * priority is simply set to <code>pri</code>.) Then this method is
+     * called recursively, with <code>pri</code> as its argument, for
+     * every thread group that belongs to this thread group.
+     *
+     * @param      pri   the new priority of the thread group.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
+     *               this thread group.
+     * @see        #getMaxPriority
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final void setMaxPriority(int pri) {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            checkAccess();
+            if (pri < Thread.MIN_PRIORITY || pri > Thread.MAX_PRIORITY) {
+                return;
+            }
+            maxPriority = (parent != null) ? Math.min(pri, parent.maxPriority) : pri;
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            groupsSnapshot[i].setMaxPriority(pri);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this thread group is either the thread group
+     * argument or one of its ancestor thread groups.
+     *
+     * @param   g   a thread group.
+     * @return  <code>true</code> if this thread group is the thread group
+     *          argument or one of its ancestor thread groups;
+     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final boolean parentOf(ThreadGroup g) {
+        for (; g != null ; g = g.parent) {
+            if (g == this) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if the currently running thread has permission to
+     * modify this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * If there is a security manager, its <code>checkAccess</code> method
+     * is called with this thread group as its argument. This may result
+     * in throwing a <code>SecurityException</code>.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed to
+     *               access this thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkAccess(java.lang.ThreadGroup)
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final void checkAccess() {
+        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (security != null) {
+            security.checkAccess(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an estimate of the number of active threads in this thread
+     * group and its subgroups. Recursively iterates over all subgroups in
+     * this thread group.
+     *
+     * <p> The value returned is only an estimate because the number of
+     * threads may change dynamically while this method traverses internal
+     * data structures, and might be affected by the presence of certain
+     * system threads. This method is intended primarily for debugging
+     * and monitoring purposes.
+     *
+     * @return  an estimate of the number of active threads in this thread
+     *          group and in any other thread group that has this thread
+     *          group as an ancestor
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int activeCount() {
+        int result;
+        // Snapshot sub-group data so we don't hold this lock
+        // while our children are computing.
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            result = nthreads;
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            result += groupsSnapshot[i].activeCount();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies into the specified array every active thread in this
+     * thread group and its subgroups.
+     *
+     * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
+     * way as the invocation
+     *
+     * <blockquote>
+     * {@linkplain #enumerate(Thread[], boolean) enumerate}{@code (list, true)}
+     * </blockquote>
+     *
+     * @param  list
+     *         an array into which to put the list of threads
+     *
+     * @return  the number of threads put into the array
+     *
+     * @throws  SecurityException
+     *          if {@linkplain #checkAccess checkAccess} determines that
+     *          the current thread cannot access this thread group
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int enumerate(Thread list[]) {
+        checkAccess();
+        return enumerate(list, 0, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies into the specified array every active thread in this
+     * thread group. If {@code recurse} is {@code true},
+     * this method recursively enumerates all subgroups of this
+     * thread group and references to every active thread in these
+     * subgroups are also included. If the array is too short to
+     * hold all the threads, the extra threads are silently ignored.
+     *
+     * <p> An application might use the {@linkplain #activeCount activeCount}
+     * method to get an estimate of how big the array should be, however
+     * <i>if the array is too short to hold all the threads, the extra threads
+     * are silently ignored.</i>  If it is critical to obtain every active
+     * thread in this thread group, the caller should verify that the returned
+     * int value is strictly less than the length of {@code list}.
+     *
+     * <p> Due to the inherent race condition in this method, it is recommended
+     * that the method only be used for debugging and monitoring purposes.
+     *
+     * @param  list
+     *         an array into which to put the list of threads
+     *
+     * @param  recurse
+     *         if {@code true}, recursively enumerate all subgroups of this
+     *         thread group
+     *
+     * @return  the number of threads put into the array
+     *
+     * @throws  SecurityException
+     *          if {@linkplain #checkAccess checkAccess} determines that
+     *          the current thread cannot access this thread group
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int enumerate(Thread list[], boolean recurse) {
+        checkAccess();
+        return enumerate(list, 0, recurse);
+    }
+
+    private int enumerate(Thread list[], int n, boolean recurse) {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot = 0;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot = null;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            int nt = nthreads;
+            if (nt > list.length - n) {
+                nt = list.length - n;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < nt; i++) {
+                if (threads[i].isAlive()) {
+                    list[n++] = threads[i];
+                }
+            }
+            if (recurse) {
+                ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+                if (groups != null) {
+                    groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+                } else {
+                    groupsSnapshot = null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (recurse) {
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+                n = groupsSnapshot[i].enumerate(list, n, true);
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an estimate of the number of active groups in this
+     * thread group and its subgroups. Recursively iterates over
+     * all subgroups in this thread group.
+     *
+     * <p> The value returned is only an estimate because the number of
+     * thread groups may change dynamically while this method traverses
+     * internal data structures. This method is intended primarily for
+     * debugging and monitoring purposes.
+     *
+     * @return  the number of active thread groups with this thread group as
+     *          an ancestor
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int activeGroupCount() {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        int n = ngroupsSnapshot;
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            n += groupsSnapshot[i].activeGroupCount();
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies into the specified array references to every active
+     * subgroup in this thread group and its subgroups.
+     *
+     * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
+     * way as the invocation
+     *
+     * <blockquote>
+     * {@linkplain #enumerate(ThreadGroup[], boolean) enumerate}{@code (list, true)}
+     * </blockquote>
+     *
+     * @param  list
+     *         an array into which to put the list of thread groups
+     *
+     * @return  the number of thread groups put into the array
+     *
+     * @throws  SecurityException
+     *          if {@linkplain #checkAccess checkAccess} determines that
+     *          the current thread cannot access this thread group
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[]) {
+        checkAccess();
+        return enumerate(list, 0, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies into the specified array references to every active
+     * subgroup in this thread group. If {@code recurse} is
+     * {@code true}, this method recursively enumerates all subgroups of this
+     * thread group and references to every active thread group in these
+     * subgroups are also included.
+     *
+     * <p> An application might use the
+     * {@linkplain #activeGroupCount activeGroupCount} method to
+     * get an estimate of how big the array should be, however <i>if the
+     * array is too short to hold all the thread groups, the extra thread
+     * groups are silently ignored.</i>  If it is critical to obtain every
+     * active subgroup in this thread group, the caller should verify that
+     * the returned int value is strictly less than the length of
+     * {@code list}.
+     *
+     * <p> Due to the inherent race condition in this method, it is recommended
+     * that the method only be used for debugging and monitoring purposes.
+     *
+     * @param  list
+     *         an array into which to put the list of thread groups
+     *
+     * @param  recurse
+     *         if {@code true}, recursively enumerate all subgroups
+     *
+     * @return  the number of thread groups put into the array
+     *
+     * @throws  SecurityException
+     *          if {@linkplain #checkAccess checkAccess} determines that
+     *          the current thread cannot access this thread group
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[], boolean recurse) {
+        checkAccess();
+        return enumerate(list, 0, recurse);
+    }
+
+    private int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[], int n, boolean recurse) {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot = 0;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot = null;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            int ng = ngroups;
+            if (ng > list.length - n) {
+                ng = list.length - n;
+            }
+            if (ng > 0) {
+                System.arraycopy(groups, 0, list, n, ng);
+                n += ng;
+            }
+            if (recurse) {
+                ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+                if (groups != null) {
+                    groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+                } else {
+                    groupsSnapshot = null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (recurse) {
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+                n = groupsSnapshot[i].enumerate(list, n, true);
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops all threads in this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * This method then calls the <code>stop</code> method on all the
+     * threads in this thread group and in all of its subgroups.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed
+     *               to access this thread group or any of the threads in
+     *               the thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#stop()
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     * @deprecated    This method is inherently unsafe.  See
+     *     {@link Thread#stop} for details.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public final void stop() {
+        if (stopOrSuspend(false))
+            Thread.currentThread().stop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Interrupts all threads in this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * This method then calls the <code>interrupt</code> method on all the
+     * threads in this thread group and in all of its subgroups.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed
+     *               to access this thread group or any of the threads in
+     *               the thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#interrupt()
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      1.2
+     */
+    public final void interrupt() {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            checkAccess();
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
+                threads[i].interrupt();
+            }
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            groupsSnapshot[i].interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Suspends all threads in this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * This method then calls the <code>suspend</code> method on all the
+     * threads in this thread group and in all of its subgroups.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed
+     *               to access this thread group or any of the threads in
+     *               the thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#suspend()
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     * @deprecated    This method is inherently deadlock-prone.  See
+     *     {@link Thread#suspend} for details.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public final void suspend() {
+        if (stopOrSuspend(true))
+            Thread.currentThread().suspend();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method: recursively stops or suspends (as directed by the
+     * boolean argument) all of the threads in this thread group and its
+     * subgroups, except the current thread.  This method returns true
+     * if (and only if) the current thread is found to be in this thread
+     * group or one of its subgroups.
+     */
+    private boolean stopOrSuspend(boolean suspend) {
+        boolean suicide = false;
+        Thread us = Thread.currentThread();
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot = null;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            checkAccess();
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
+                if (threads[i]==us)
+                    suicide = true;
+                else if (suspend)
+                    threads[i].suspend();
+                else
+                    threads[i].stop();
+            }
+
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++)
+            suicide = groupsSnapshot[i].stopOrSuspend(suspend) || suicide;
+
+        return suicide;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resumes all threads in this thread group.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     * <p>
+     * This method then calls the <code>resume</code> method on all the
+     * threads in this thread group and in all of its sub groups.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed to
+     *               access this thread group or any of the threads in the
+     *               thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#resume()
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     * @deprecated    This method is used solely in conjunction with
+     *      <tt>Thread.suspend</tt> and <tt>ThreadGroup.suspend</tt>,
+     *       both of which have been deprecated, as they are inherently
+     *       deadlock-prone.  See {@link Thread#suspend} for details.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public final void resume() {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            checkAccess();
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
+                threads[i].resume();
+            }
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            groupsSnapshot[i].resume();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys this thread group and all of its subgroups. This thread
+     * group must be empty, indicating that all threads that had been in
+     * this thread group have since stopped.
+     * <p>
+     * First, the <code>checkAccess</code> method of this thread group is
+     * called with no arguments; this may result in a security exception.
+     *
+     * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if the thread group is not
+     *               empty or if the thread group has already been destroyed.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify this
+     *               thread group.
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
+     * @since      JDK1.0
+     */
+    public final void destroy() {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            checkAccess();
+            if (destroyed || (nthreads > 0)) {
+                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
+            }
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+            if (parent != null) {
+                destroyed = true;
+                ngroups = 0;
+                groups = null;
+                nthreads = 0;
+                threads = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i += 1) {
+            groupsSnapshot[i].destroy();
+        }
+        if (parent != null) {
+            parent.remove(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the specified Thread group to this group.
+     * @param g the specified Thread group to be added
+     * @exception IllegalThreadStateException If the Thread group has been destroyed.
+     */
+    private final void add(ThreadGroup g){
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
+            }
+            if (groups == null) {
+                groups = new ThreadGroup[4];
+            } else if (ngroups == groups.length) {
+                groups = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroups * 2);
+            }
+            groups[ngroups] = g;
+
+            // This is done last so it doesn't matter in case the
+            // thread is killed
+            ngroups++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the specified Thread group from this group.
+     * @param g the Thread group to be removed
+     * @return if this Thread has already been destroyed.
+     */
+    private void remove(ThreadGroup g) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroups ; i++) {
+                if (groups[i] == g) {
+                    ngroups -= 1;
+                    System.arraycopy(groups, i + 1, groups, i, ngroups - i);
+                    // Zap dangling reference to the dead group so that
+                    // the garbage collector will collect it.
+                    groups[ngroups] = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (nthreads == 0) {
+                notifyAll();
+            }
+            if (daemon && (nthreads == 0) &&
+                (nUnstartedThreads == 0) && (ngroups == 0))
+            {
+                destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Increments the count of unstarted threads in the thread group.
+     * Unstarted threads are not added to the thread group so that they
+     * can be collected if they are never started, but they must be
+     * counted so that daemon thread groups with unstarted threads in
+     * them are not destroyed.
+     */
+    void addUnstarted() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
+            }
+            nUnstartedThreads++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies the group that the thread {@code t} is about to be
+     * started and adds the thread to this thread group.
+     */
+    void threadStarting(Thread t) {
+        add(t);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the specified thread to this thread group.
+     *
+     * <p> Note: This method is called from both library code
+     * and the Virtual Machine. It is called from VM to add
+     * certain system threads to the system thread group.
+     *
+     * @param  t
+     *         the Thread to be added
+     *
+     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException
+     *          if the Thread group has been destroyed
+     */
+    void add(Thread t) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
+            }
+            if (threads == null) {
+                threads = new Thread[4];
+            } else if (nthreads == threads.length) {
+                threads = Arrays.copyOf(threads, nthreads * 2);
+            }
+            threads[nthreads] = t;
+
+            // This is done last so it doesn't matter in case the
+            // thread is killed
+            nthreads++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies the group that the thread {@code t} has completed
+     * an attempt to start.
+     *
+     * <p> If the thread has been started successfully
+     * then the group has its unstarted Threads count decremented.
+     * Otherwise the state of this thread group is rolled back as if the
+     * attempt to start the thread has never occurred. The thread is again
+     * considered an unstarted member of the thread group, and a subsequent
+     * attempt to start the thread is permitted.
+     *
+     * @param  t
+     *         the Thread whose start method was invoked
+     *
+     * @param  failed
+     *         true if the thread could not be started successfully
+     */
+    void threadStarted(Thread t, boolean failed) {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (failed) {
+                remove(t);
+            } else {
+                if (destroyed) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                nUnstartedThreads--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies the group that the thread {@code t} has terminated.
+     *
+     * <p> Destroy the group if all of the following conditions are
+     * true: this is a daemon thread group; there are no more alive
+     * or unstarted threads in the group; there are no subgroups in
+     * this thread group.
+     *
+     * @param  t
+     *         the Thread that has terminated
+     */
+    void threadTerminated(Thread t) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            remove(t);
+
+            if (nthreads == 0) {
+                notifyAll();
+            }
+            if (daemon && (nthreads == 0) &&
+                (nUnstartedThreads == 0) && (ngroups == 0))
+            {
+                destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the specified Thread from this group. Invoking this method
+     * on a thread group that has been destroyed has no effect.
+     *
+     * @param  t
+     *         the Thread to be removed
+     */
+    private void remove(Thread t) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (destroyed) {
+                return;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
+                if (threads[i] == t) {
+                    System.arraycopy(threads, i + 1, threads, i, --nthreads - i);
+                    // Zap dangling reference to the dead thread so that
+                    // the garbage collector will collect it.
+                    threads[nthreads] = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints information about this thread group to the standard
+     * output. This method is useful only for debugging.
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public void list() {
+        list(System.out, 0);
+    }
+    void list(PrintStream out, int indent) {
+        int ngroupsSnapshot;
+        ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int j = 0 ; j < indent ; j++) {
+                out.print(" ");
+            }
+            out.println(this);
+            indent += 4;
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
+                for (int j = 0 ; j < indent ; j++) {
+                    out.print(" ");
+                }
+                out.println(threads[i]);
+            }
+            ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
+            if (groups != null) {
+                groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
+            } else {
+                groupsSnapshot = null;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
+            groupsSnapshot[i].list(out, indent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the Java Virtual Machine when a thread in this
+     * thread group stops because of an uncaught exception, and the thread
+     * does not have a specific {@link Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler}
+     * installed.
+     * <p>
+     * The <code>uncaughtException</code> method of
+     * <code>ThreadGroup</code> does the following:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>If this thread group has a parent thread group, the
+     *     <code>uncaughtException</code> method of that parent is called
+     *     with the same two arguments.
+     * <li>Otherwise, this method checks to see if there is a
+     *     {@linkplain Thread#getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler default
+     *     uncaught exception handler} installed, and if so, its
+     *     <code>uncaughtException</code> method is called with the same
+     *     two arguments.
+     * <li>Otherwise, this method determines if the <code>Throwable</code>
+     *     argument is an instance of {@link ThreadDeath}. If so, nothing
+     *     special is done. Otherwise, a message containing the
+     *     thread's name, as returned from the thread's {@link
+     *     Thread#getName getName} method, and a stack backtrace,
+     *     using the <code>Throwable</code>'s {@link
+     *     Throwable#printStackTrace printStackTrace} method, is
+     *     printed to the {@linkplain System#err standard error stream}.
+     * </ul>
+     * <p>
+     * Applications can override this method in subclasses of
+     * <code>ThreadGroup</code> to provide alternative handling of
+     * uncaught exceptions.
+     *
+     * @param   t   the thread that is about to exit.
+     * @param   e   the uncaught exception.
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
+        if (parent != null) {
+            parent.uncaughtException(t, e);
+        } else {
+            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =
+                Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
+            if (ueh != null) {
+                ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
+            } else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
+                System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
+                                 + t.getName() + "\" ");
+                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by VM to control lowmem implicit suspension.
+     *
+     * @param b boolean to allow or disallow suspension
+     * @return true on success
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @deprecated The definition of this call depends on {@link #suspend},
+     *             which is deprecated.  Further, the behavior of this call
+     *             was never specified.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean allowThreadSuspension(boolean b) {
+        this.vmAllowSuspension = b;
+        if (!b) {
+            VM.unsuspendSomeThreads();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of this Thread group.
+     *
+     * @return  a string representation of this thread group.
+     * @since   JDK1.0
+     */
+    public String toString() {
+        return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + getName() + ",maxpri=" + maxPriority + "]";
+    }
+}