jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/SecurityManager.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 3956 2586d23078e4
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/SecurityManager.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1735 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1995-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package java.lang;
+
+import java.security.*;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FilePermission;
+import java.awt.AWTPermission;
+import java.util.PropertyPermission;
+import java.lang.RuntimePermission;
+import java.net.SocketPermission;
+import java.net.NetPermission;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.lang.reflect.Member;
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
+
+/**
+ * The security manager is a class that allows
+ * applications to implement a security policy. It allows an
+ * application to determine, before performing a possibly unsafe or
+ * sensitive operation, what the operation is and whether
+ * it is being attempted in a security context that allows the
+ * operation to be performed. The
+ * application can allow or disallow the operation.
+ * <p>
+ * The <code>SecurityManager</code> class contains many methods with
+ * names that begin with the word <code>check</code>. These methods
+ * are called by various methods in the Java libraries before those
+ * methods perform certain potentially sensitive operations. The
+ * invocation of such a <code>check</code> method typically looks like this:
+ * <p><blockquote><pre>
+ *     SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
+ *     if (security != null) {
+ *         security.check<i>XXX</i>(argument, &nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;);
+ *     }
+ * </pre></blockquote>
+ * <p>
+ * The security manager is thereby given an opportunity to prevent
+ * completion of the operation by throwing an exception. A security
+ * manager routine simply returns if the operation is permitted, but
+ * throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the operation is not
+ * permitted. The only exception to this convention is
+ * <code>checkTopLevelWindow</code>, which returns a
+ * <code>boolean</code> value.
+ * <p>
+ * The current security manager is set by the
+ * <code>setSecurityManager</code> method in class
+ * <code>System</code>. The current security manager is obtained
+ * by the <code>getSecurityManager</code> method.
+ * <p>
+ * The special method
+ * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)}
+ * determines whether an access request indicated by a specified
+ * permission should be granted or denied. The
+ * default implementation calls
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   AccessController.checkPermission(perm);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * If a requested access is allowed,
+ * <code>checkPermission</code> returns quietly. If denied, a
+ * <code>SecurityException</code> is thrown.
+ * <p>
+ * As of Java 2 SDK v1.2, the default implementation of each of the other
+ * <code>check</code> methods in <code>SecurityManager</code> is to
+ * call the <code>SecurityManager checkPermission</code> method
+ * to determine if the calling thread has permission to perform the requested
+ * operation.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that the <code>checkPermission</code> method with
+ * just a single permission argument always performs security checks
+ * within the context of the currently executing thread.
+ * Sometimes a security check that should be made within a given context
+ * will actually need to be done from within a
+ * <i>different</i> context (for example, from within a worker thread).
+ * The {@link SecurityManager#getSecurityContext getSecurityContext} method
+ * and the {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission,
+ * java.lang.Object) checkPermission}
+ * method that includes a context argument are provided
+ * for this situation. The
+ * <code>getSecurityContext</code> method returns a "snapshot"
+ * of the current calling context. (The default implementation
+ * returns an AccessControlContext object.) A sample call is
+ * the following:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   Object context = null;
+ *   SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+ *   if (sm != null) context = sm.getSecurityContext();
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The <code>checkPermission</code> method
+ * that takes a context object in addition to a permission
+ * makes access decisions based on that context,
+ * rather than on that of the current execution thread.
+ * Code within a different context can thus call that method,
+ * passing the permission and the
+ * previously-saved context object. A sample call, using the
+ * SecurityManager <code>sm</code> obtained as in the previous example,
+ * is the following:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   if (sm != null) sm.checkPermission(permission, context);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Permissions fall into these categories: File, Socket, Net,
+ * Security, Runtime, Property, AWT, Reflect, and Serializable.
+ * The classes managing these various
+ * permission categories are <code>java.io.FilePermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.net.SocketPermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.net.NetPermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.security.SecurityPermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.lang.RuntimePermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.util.PropertyPermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.awt.AWTPermission</code>,
+ * <code>java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission</code>, and
+ * <code>java.io.SerializablePermission</code>.
+ *
+ * <p>All but the first two (FilePermission and SocketPermission) are
+ * subclasses of <code>java.security.BasicPermission</code>, which itself
+ * is an abstract subclass of the
+ * top-level class for permissions, which is
+ * <code>java.security.Permission</code>. BasicPermission defines the
+ * functionality needed for all permissions that contain a name
+ * that follows the hierarchical property naming convention
+ * (for example, "exitVM", "setFactory", "queuePrintJob", etc).
+ * An asterisk
+ * may appear at the end of the name, following a ".", or by itself, to
+ * signify a wildcard match. For example: "a.*" or "*" is valid,
+ * "*a" or "a*b" is not valid.
+ *
+ * <p>FilePermission and SocketPermission are subclasses of the
+ * top-level class for permissions
+ * (<code>java.security.Permission</code>). Classes like these
+ * that have a more complicated name syntax than that used by
+ * BasicPermission subclass directly from Permission rather than from
+ * BasicPermission. For example,
+ * for a <code>java.io.FilePermission</code> object, the permission name is
+ * the path name of a file (or directory).
+ *
+ * <p>Some of the permission classes have an "actions" list that tells
+ * the actions that are permitted for the object.  For example,
+ * for a <code>java.io.FilePermission</code> object, the actions list
+ * (such as "read, write") specifies which actions are granted for the
+ * specified file (or for files in the specified directory).
+ *
+ * <p>Other permission classes are for "named" permissions -
+ * ones that contain a name but no actions list; you either have the
+ * named permission or you don't.
+ *
+ * <p>Note: There is also a <code>java.security.AllPermission</code>
+ * permission that implies all permissions. It exists to simplify the work
+ * of system administrators who might need to perform multiple
+ * tasks that require all (or numerous) permissions.
+ * <p>
+ * See <a href ="../../../technotes/guides/security/permissions.html">
+ * Permissions in the JDK</a> for permission-related information.
+ * This document includes, for example, a table listing the various SecurityManager
+ * <code>check</code> methods and the permission(s) the default
+ * implementation of each such method requires.
+ * It also contains a table of all the version 1.2 methods
+ * that require permissions, and for each such method tells
+ * which permission it requires.
+ * <p>
+ * For more information about <code>SecurityManager</code> changes made in
+ * the JDK and advice regarding porting of 1.1-style security managers,
+ * see the <a href="../../../technotes/guides/security/index.html">security documentation</a>.
+ *
+ * @author  Arthur van Hoff
+ * @author  Roland Schemers
+ *
+ * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader
+ * @see     java.lang.SecurityException
+ * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#checkTopLevelWindow(java.lang.Object)
+ *  checkTopLevelWindow
+ * @see     java.lang.System#getSecurityManager() getSecurityManager
+ * @see     java.lang.System#setSecurityManager(java.lang.SecurityManager)
+ *  setSecurityManager
+ * @see     java.security.AccessController AccessController
+ * @see     java.security.AccessControlContext AccessControlContext
+ * @see     java.security.AccessControlException AccessControlException
+ * @see     java.security.Permission
+ * @see     java.security.BasicPermission
+ * @see     java.io.FilePermission
+ * @see     java.net.SocketPermission
+ * @see     java.util.PropertyPermission
+ * @see     java.lang.RuntimePermission
+ * @see     java.awt.AWTPermission
+ * @see     java.security.Policy Policy
+ * @see     java.security.SecurityPermission SecurityPermission
+ * @see     java.security.ProtectionDomain
+ *
+ * @since   JDK1.0
+ */
+public
+class SecurityManager {
+
+    /**
+     * This field is <code>true</code> if there is a security check in
+     * progress; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected boolean inCheck;
+
+    /*
+     * Have we been initialized. Effective against finalizer attacks.
+     */
+    private boolean initialized = false;
+
+
+    /**
+     * returns true if the current context has been granted AllPermission
+     */
+    private boolean hasAllPermission()
+    {
+        try {
+            checkPermission(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
+            return true;
+        } catch (SecurityException se) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if there is a security check in progress.
+     *
+     * @return the value of the <code>inCheck</code> field. This field
+     *          should contain <code>true</code> if a security check is
+     *          in progress,
+     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#inCheck
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean getInCheck() {
+        return inCheck;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new <code>SecurityManager</code>.
+     *
+     * <p> If there is a security manager already installed, this method first
+     * calls the security manager's <code>checkPermission</code> method
+     * with the <code>RuntimePermission("createSecurityManager")</code>
+     * permission to ensure the calling thread has permission to create a new
+     * security manager.
+     * This may result in throwing a <code>SecurityException</code>.
+     *
+     * @exception  java.lang.SecurityException if a security manager already
+     *             exists and its <code>checkPermission</code> method
+     *             doesn't allow creation of a new security manager.
+     * @see        java.lang.System#getSecurityManager()
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
+     */
+    public SecurityManager() {
+        synchronized(SecurityManager.class) {
+            SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+            if (sm != null) {
+                // ask the currently installed security manager if we
+                // can create a new one.
+                sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission
+                                   ("createSecurityManager"));
+            }
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current execution stack as an array of classes.
+     * <p>
+     * The length of the array is the number of methods on the execution
+     * stack. The element at index <code>0</code> is the class of the
+     * currently executing method, the element at index <code>1</code> is
+     * the class of that method's caller, and so on.
+     *
+     * @return  the execution stack.
+     */
+    protected native Class[] getClassContext();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the class loader of the most recently executing method from
+     * a class defined using a non-system class loader. A non-system
+     * class loader is defined as being a class loader that is not equal to
+     * the system class loader (as returned
+     * by {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader}) or one of its ancestors.
+     * <p>
+     * This method will return
+     * <code>null</code> in the following three cases:<p>
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack up to the first
+     *   "privileged" caller
+     *   (see {@link java.security.AccessController#doPrivileged})
+     *   are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li> A call to <code>checkPermission</code> with
+     *   <code>java.security.AllPermission</code> does not
+     *   result in a SecurityException.
+     *
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @return  the class loader of the most recent occurrence on the stack
+     *          of a method from a class defined using a non-system class
+     *          loader.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     *
+     * @see  java.lang.ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() getSystemClassLoader
+     * @see  #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected ClassLoader currentClassLoader()
+    {
+        ClassLoader cl = currentClassLoader0();
+        if ((cl != null) && hasAllPermission())
+            cl = null;
+        return cl;
+    }
+
+    private native ClassLoader currentClassLoader0();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the class of the most recently executing method from
+     * a class defined using a non-system class loader. A non-system
+     * class loader is defined as being a class loader that is not equal to
+     * the system class loader (as returned
+     * by {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader}) or one of its ancestors.
+     * <p>
+     * This method will return
+     * <code>null</code> in the following three cases:<p>
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack up to the first
+     *   "privileged" caller
+     *   (see {@link java.security.AccessController#doPrivileged})
+     *   are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li> A call to <code>checkPermission</code> with
+     *   <code>java.security.AllPermission</code> does not
+     *   result in a SecurityException.
+     *
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @return  the class  of the most recent occurrence on the stack
+     *          of a method from a class defined using a non-system class
+     *          loader.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     *
+     * @see  java.lang.ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() getSystemClassLoader
+     * @see  #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected Class<?> currentLoadedClass() {
+        Class c = currentLoadedClass0();
+        if ((c != null) && hasAllPermission())
+            c = null;
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the stack depth of the specified class.
+     *
+     * @param   name   the fully qualified name of the class to search for.
+     * @return  the depth on the stack frame of the first occurrence of a
+     *          method from a class with the specified name;
+     *          <code>-1</code> if such a frame cannot be found.
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     *
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected native int classDepth(String name);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the stack depth of the most recently executing method
+     * from a class defined using a non-system class loader.  A non-system
+     * class loader is defined as being a class loader that is not equal to
+     * the system class loader (as returned
+     * by {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader}) or one of its ancestors.
+     * <p>
+     * This method will return
+     * -1 in the following three cases:<p>
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li>All methods on the execution stack up to the first
+     *   "privileged" caller
+     *   (see {@link java.security.AccessController#doPrivileged})
+     *   are from classes
+     *   defined using the system class loader or one of its ancestors.
+     *
+     *   <li> A call to <code>checkPermission</code> with
+     *   <code>java.security.AllPermission</code> does not
+     *   result in a SecurityException.
+     *
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @return the depth on the stack frame of the most recent occurrence of
+     *          a method from a class defined using a non-system class loader.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     *
+     * @see   java.lang.ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() getSystemClassLoader
+     * @see   #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected int classLoaderDepth()
+    {
+        int depth = classLoaderDepth0();
+        if (depth != -1) {
+            if (hasAllPermission())
+                depth = -1;
+            else
+                depth--; // make sure we don't include ourself
+        }
+        return depth;
+    }
+
+    private native int classLoaderDepth0();
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if a method from a class with the specified
+     *         name is on the execution stack.
+     *
+     * @param  name   the fully qualified name of the class.
+     * @return <code>true</code> if a method from a class with the specified
+     *         name is on the execution stack; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected boolean inClass(String name) {
+        return classDepth(name) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Basically, tests if a method from a class defined using a
+     *          class loader is on the execution stack.
+     *
+     * @return  <code>true</code> if a call to <code>currentClassLoader</code>
+     *          has a non-null return value.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This type of security checking is not recommended.
+     *  It is recommended that the <code>checkPermission</code>
+     *  call be used instead.
+     * @see        #currentClassLoader() currentClassLoader
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected boolean inClassLoader() {
+        return currentClassLoader() != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object that encapsulates the current execution
+     * environment. The result of this method is used, for example, by the
+     * three-argument <code>checkConnect</code> method and by the
+     * two-argument <code>checkRead</code> method.
+     * These methods are needed because a trusted method may be called
+     * on to read a file or open a socket on behalf of another method.
+     * The trusted method needs to determine if the other (possibly
+     * untrusted) method would be allowed to perform the operation on its
+     * own.
+     * <p> The default implementation of this method is to return
+     * an <code>AccessControlContext</code> object.
+     *
+     * @return  an implementation-dependent object that encapsulates
+     *          sufficient information about the current execution environment
+     *          to perform some security checks later.
+     * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#checkConnect(java.lang.String, int,
+     *   java.lang.Object) checkConnect
+     * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String,
+     *   java.lang.Object) checkRead
+     * @see     java.security.AccessControlContext AccessControlContext
+     */
+    public Object getSecurityContext() {
+        return AccessController.getContext();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the requested
+     * access, specified by the given permission, is not permitted based
+     * on the security policy currently in effect.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>AccessController.checkPermission</code>
+     * with the given permission.
+     *
+     * @param     perm   the requested permission.
+     * @exception SecurityException if access is not permitted based on
+     *            the current security policy.
+     * @exception NullPointerException if the permission argument is
+     *            <code>null</code>.
+     * @since     1.2
+     */
+    public void checkPermission(Permission perm) {
+        java.security.AccessController.checkPermission(perm);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * specified security context is denied access to the resource
+     * specified by the given permission.
+     * The context must be a security
+     * context returned by a previous call to
+     * <code>getSecurityContext</code> and the access control
+     * decision is based upon the configured security policy for
+     * that security context.
+     * <p>
+     * If <code>context</code> is an instance of
+     * <code>AccessControlContext</code> then the
+     * <code>AccessControlContext.checkPermission</code> method is
+     * invoked with the specified permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If <code>context</code> is not an instance of
+     * <code>AccessControlContext</code> then a
+     * <code>SecurityException</code> is thrown.
+     *
+     * @param      perm      the specified permission
+     * @param      context   a system-dependent security context.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the specified security context
+     *             is not an instance of <code>AccessControlContext</code>
+     *             (e.g., is <code>null</code>), or is denied access to the
+     *             resource specified by the given permission.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the permission argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#getSecurityContext()
+     * @see java.security.AccessControlContext#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
+     * @since      1.2
+     */
+    public void checkPermission(Permission perm, Object context) {
+        if (context instanceof AccessControlContext) {
+            ((AccessControlContext)context).checkPermission(perm);
+        } else {
+            throw new SecurityException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to create a new class loader.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("createClassLoader")</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkCreateClassLoader</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @exception SecurityException if the calling thread does not
+     *             have permission
+     *             to create a new class loader.
+     * @see        java.lang.ClassLoader#ClassLoader()
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkCreateClassLoader() {
+        checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CREATE_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * reference to the root thread group, used for the checkAccess
+     * methods.
+     */
+
+    private static ThreadGroup rootGroup = getRootGroup();
+
+    private static ThreadGroup getRootGroup() {
+        ThreadGroup root =  Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
+        while (root.getParent() != null) {
+            root = root.getParent();
+        }
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to modify the thread argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by the
+     * <code>stop</code>, <code>suspend</code>, <code>resume</code>,
+     * <code>setPriority</code>, <code>setName</code>, and
+     * <code>setDaemon</code> methods of class <code>Thread</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * If the thread argument is a system thread (belongs to
+     * the thread group with a <code>null</code> parent) then
+     * this method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("modifyThread")</code> permission.
+     * If the thread argument is <i>not</i> a system thread,
+     * this method just returns silently.
+     * <p>
+     * Applications that want a stricter policy should override this
+     * method. If this method is overridden, the method that overrides
+     * it should additionally check to see if the calling thread has the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("modifyThread")</code> permission, and
+     * if so, return silently. This is to ensure that code granted
+     * that permission (such as the JDK itself) is allowed to
+     * manipulate any thread.
+     * <p>
+     * If this method is overridden, then
+     * <code>super.checkAccess</code> should
+     * be called by the first statement in the overridden method, or the
+     * equivalent security check should be placed in the overridden method.
+     *
+     * @param      t   the thread to be checked.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to modify the thread.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the thread argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#resume() resume
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#setDaemon(boolean) setDaemon
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#setName(java.lang.String) setName
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#setPriority(int) setPriority
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#stop() stop
+     * @see        java.lang.Thread#suspend() suspend
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkAccess(Thread t) {
+        if (t == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("thread can't be null");
+        }
+        if (t.getThreadGroup() == rootGroup) {
+            checkPermission(SecurityConstants.MODIFY_THREAD_PERMISSION);
+        } else {
+            // just return
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to modify the thread group argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager when a
+     * new child thread or child thread group is created, and by the
+     * <code>setDaemon</code>, <code>setMaxPriority</code>,
+     * <code>stop</code>, <code>suspend</code>, <code>resume</code>, and
+     * <code>destroy</code> methods of class <code>ThreadGroup</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * If the thread group argument is the system thread group (
+     * has a <code>null</code> parent) then
+     * this method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("modifyThreadGroup")</code> permission.
+     * If the thread group argument is <i>not</i> the system thread group,
+     * this method just returns silently.
+     * <p>
+     * Applications that want a stricter policy should override this
+     * method. If this method is overridden, the method that overrides
+     * it should additionally check to see if the calling thread has the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("modifyThreadGroup")</code> permission, and
+     * if so, return silently. This is to ensure that code granted
+     * that permission (such as the JDK itself) is allowed to
+     * manipulate any thread.
+     * <p>
+     * If this method is overridden, then
+     * <code>super.checkAccess</code> should
+     * be called by the first statement in the overridden method, or the
+     * equivalent security check should be placed in the overridden method.
+     *
+     * @param      g   the thread group to be checked.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to modify the thread group.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the thread group argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#destroy() destroy
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#resume() resume
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#setDaemon(boolean) setDaemon
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#setMaxPriority(int) setMaxPriority
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#stop() stop
+     * @see        java.lang.ThreadGroup#suspend() suspend
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkAccess(ThreadGroup g) {
+        if (g == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("thread group can't be null");
+        }
+        if (g == rootGroup) {
+            checkPermission(SecurityConstants.MODIFY_THREADGROUP_PERMISSION);
+        } else {
+            // just return
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to cause the Java Virtual Machine to
+     * halt with the specified status code.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by the
+     * <code>exit</code> method of class <code>Runtime</code>. A status
+     * of <code>0</code> indicates success; other values indicate various
+     * errors.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("exitVM."+status)</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkExit</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      status   the exit status.
+     * @exception SecurityException if the calling thread does not have
+     *              permission to halt the Java Virtual Machine with
+     *              the specified status.
+     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#exit(int) exit
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkExit(int status) {
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("exitVM."+status));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to create a subprocess.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by the
+     * <code>exec</code> methods of class <code>Runtime</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>FilePermission(cmd,"execute")</code> permission
+     * if cmd is an absolute path, otherwise it calls
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> with
+     * <code>FilePermission("&lt;&lt;ALL FILES&gt;&gt;","execute")</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkExec</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      cmd   the specified system command.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to create a subprocess.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>cmd</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exec(java.lang.String)
+     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exec(java.lang.String, java.lang.String[])
+     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exec(java.lang.String[])
+     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exec(java.lang.String[], java.lang.String[])
+     * @see     #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkExec(String cmd) {
+        File f = new File(cmd);
+        if (f.isAbsolute()) {
+            checkPermission(new FilePermission(cmd,
+                SecurityConstants.FILE_EXECUTE_ACTION));
+        } else {
+            checkPermission(new FilePermission("<<ALL FILES>>",
+                SecurityConstants.FILE_EXECUTE_ACTION));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to dynamic link the library code
+     * specified by the string argument file. The argument is either a
+     * simple library name or a complete filename.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by
+     * methods <code>load</code> and <code>loadLibrary</code> of class
+     * <code>Runtime</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("loadLibrary."+lib)</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkLink</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      lib   the name of the library.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to dynamically link the library.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>lib</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#load(java.lang.String)
+     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkLink(String lib) {
+        if (lib == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("library can't be null");
+        }
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("loadLibrary."+lib));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to read from the specified file
+     * descriptor.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("readFileDescriptor")</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkRead</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      fd   the system-dependent file descriptor.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the specified file descriptor.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the file descriptor argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.io.FileDescriptor
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkRead(FileDescriptor fd) {
+        if (fd == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("file descriptor can't be null");
+        }
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("readFileDescriptor"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to read the file specified by the
+     * string argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>FilePermission(file,"read")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkRead</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      file   the system-dependent file name.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the specified file.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>file</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkRead(String file) {
+        checkPermission(new FilePermission(file,
+            SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * specified security context is not allowed to read the file
+     * specified by the string argument. The context must be a security
+     * context returned by a previous call to
+     * <code>getSecurityContext</code>.
+     * <p> If <code>context</code> is an instance of
+     * <code>AccessControlContext</code> then the
+     * <code>AccessControlContext.checkPermission</code> method will
+     * be invoked with the <code>FilePermission(file,"read")</code> permission.
+     * <p> If <code>context</code> is not an instance of
+     * <code>AccessControlContext</code> then a
+     * <code>SecurityException</code> is thrown.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkRead</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      file      the system-dependent filename.
+     * @param      context   a system-dependent security context.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the specified security context
+     *             is not an instance of <code>AccessControlContext</code>
+     *             (e.g., is <code>null</code>), or does not have permission
+     *             to read the specified file.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>file</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#getSecurityContext()
+     * @see        java.security.AccessControlContext#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
+     */
+    public void checkRead(String file, Object context) {
+        checkPermission(
+            new FilePermission(file, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION),
+            context);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to write to the specified file
+     * descriptor.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("writeFileDescriptor")</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkWrite</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      fd   the system-dependent file descriptor.
+     * @exception SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the specified file descriptor.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the file descriptor argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.io.FileDescriptor
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkWrite(FileDescriptor fd) {
+        if (fd == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("file descriptor can't be null");
+        }
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("writeFileDescriptor"));
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to write to the file specified by
+     * the string argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>FilePermission(file,"write")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkWrite</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      file   the system-dependent filename.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not
+     *             have permission to access the specified file.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>file</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkWrite(String file) {
+        checkPermission(new FilePermission(file,
+            SecurityConstants.FILE_WRITE_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to delete the specified file.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by the
+     * <code>delete</code> method of class <code>File</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>FilePermission(file,"delete")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkDelete</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      file   the system-dependent filename.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the calling thread does not
+     *             have permission to delete the file.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>file</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.io.File#delete()
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkDelete(String file) {
+        checkPermission(new FilePermission(file,
+            SecurityConstants.FILE_DELETE_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to open a socket connection to the
+     * specified host and port number.
+     * <p>
+     * A port number of <code>-1</code> indicates that the calling
+     * method is attempting to determine the IP address of the specified
+     * host name.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>SocketPermission(host+":"+port,"connect")</code> permission if
+     * the port is not equal to -1. If the port is equal to -1, then
+     * it calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>SocketPermission(host,"resolve")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkConnect</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      host   the host name port to connect to.
+     * @param      port   the protocol port to connect to.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to open a socket connection to the specified
+     *               <code>host</code> and <code>port</code>.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>host</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkConnect(String host, int port) {
+        if (host == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("host can't be null");
+        }
+        if (!host.startsWith("[") && host.indexOf(':') != -1) {
+            host = "[" + host + "]";
+        }
+        if (port == -1) {
+            checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host,
+                SecurityConstants.SOCKET_RESOLVE_ACTION));
+        } else {
+            checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host+":"+port,
+                SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACTION));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * specified security context is not allowed to open a socket
+     * connection to the specified host and port number.
+     * <p>
+     * A port number of <code>-1</code> indicates that the calling
+     * method is attempting to determine the IP address of the specified
+     * host name.
+     * <p> If <code>context</code> is not an instance of
+     * <code>AccessControlContext</code> then a
+     * <code>SecurityException</code> is thrown.
+     * <p>
+     * Otherwise, the port number is checked. If it is not equal
+     * to -1, the <code>context</code>'s <code>checkPermission</code>
+     * method is called with a
+     * <code>SocketPermission(host+":"+port,"connect")</code> permission.
+     * If the port is equal to -1, then
+     * the <code>context</code>'s <code>checkPermission</code> method
+     * is called with a
+     * <code>SocketPermission(host,"resolve")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkConnect</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      host      the host name port to connect to.
+     * @param      port      the protocol port to connect to.
+     * @param      context   a system-dependent security context.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the specified security context
+     *             is not an instance of <code>AccessControlContext</code>
+     *             (e.g., is <code>null</code>), or does not have permission
+     *             to open a socket connection to the specified
+     *             <code>host</code> and <code>port</code>.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>host</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#getSecurityContext()
+     * @see        java.security.AccessControlContext#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
+     */
+    public void checkConnect(String host, int port, Object context) {
+        if (host == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("host can't be null");
+        }
+        if (!host.startsWith("[") && host.indexOf(':') != -1) {
+            host = "[" + host + "]";
+        }
+        if (port == -1)
+            checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host,
+                SecurityConstants.SOCKET_RESOLVE_ACTION),
+                context);
+        else
+            checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host+":"+port,
+                SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACTION),
+                context);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to wait for a connection request on
+     * the specified local port number.
+     * <p>
+     * If port is not 0, this method calls
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>SocketPermission("localhost:"+port,"listen")</code>.
+     * If port is zero, this method calls <code>checkPermission</code>
+     * with <code>SocketPermission("localhost:1024-","listen").</code>
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkListen</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      port   the local port.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to listen on the specified port.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkListen(int port) {
+        if (port == 0) {
+            checkPermission(SecurityConstants.LOCAL_LISTEN_PERMISSION);
+        } else {
+            checkPermission(new SocketPermission("localhost:"+port,
+                SecurityConstants.SOCKET_LISTEN_ACTION));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not permitted to accept a socket connection from
+     * the specified host and port number.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is invoked for the current security manager by the
+     * <code>accept</code> method of class <code>ServerSocket</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>SocketPermission(host+":"+port,"accept")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkAccept</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      host   the host name of the socket connection.
+     * @param      port   the port number of the socket connection.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to accept the connection.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>host</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.net.ServerSocket#accept()
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkAccept(String host, int port) {
+        if (host == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("host can't be null");
+        }
+        if (!host.startsWith("[") && host.indexOf(':') != -1) {
+            host = "[" + host + "]";
+        }
+        checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host+":"+port,
+            SecurityConstants.SOCKET_ACCEPT_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to use
+     * (join/leave/send/receive) IP multicast.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>java.net.SocketPermission(maddr.getHostAddress(),
+     * "accept,connect")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkMulticast</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      maddr  Internet group address to be used.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread is not allowed to
+     *  use (join/leave/send/receive) IP multicast.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the address argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @since      JDK1.1
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkMulticast(InetAddress maddr) {
+        String host = maddr.getHostAddress();
+        if (!host.startsWith("[") && host.indexOf(':') != -1) {
+            host = "[" + host + "]";
+        }
+        checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host,
+            SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to use
+     * (join/leave/send/receive) IP multicast.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>java.net.SocketPermission(maddr.getHostAddress(),
+     * "accept,connect")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkMulticast</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      maddr  Internet group address to be used.
+     * @param      ttl        value in use, if it is multicast send.
+     * Note: this particular implementation does not use the ttl
+     * parameter.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread is not allowed to
+     *  use (join/leave/send/receive) IP multicast.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the address argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @since      JDK1.1
+     * @deprecated Use #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) instead
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void checkMulticast(InetAddress maddr, byte ttl) {
+        String host = maddr.getHostAddress();
+        if (!host.startsWith("[") && host.indexOf(':') != -1) {
+            host = "[" + host + "]";
+        }
+        checkPermission(new SocketPermission(host,
+            SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access or modify the system
+     * properties.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is used by the <code>getProperties</code> and
+     * <code>setProperties</code> methods of class <code>System</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>PropertyPermission("*", "read,write")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkPropertiesAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     * <p>
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access or modify the system properties.
+     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperties()
+     * @see        java.lang.System#setProperties(java.util.Properties)
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkPropertiesAccess() {
+        checkPermission(new PropertyPermission("*",
+            SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_RW_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access the system property with
+     * the specified <code>key</code> name.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is used by the <code>getProperty</code> method of
+     * class <code>System</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>PropertyPermission(key, "read")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkPropertyAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param      key   a system property key.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the specified system property.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>key</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
+     *
+     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkPropertyAccess(String key) {
+        checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key,
+            SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <code>false</code> if the calling
+     * thread is not trusted to bring up the top-level window indicated
+     * by the <code>window</code> argument. In this case, the caller can
+     * still decide to show the window, but the window should include
+     * some sort of visual warning. If the method returns
+     * <code>true</code>, then the window can be shown without any
+     * special restrictions.
+     * <p>
+     * See class <code>Window</code> for more information on trusted and
+     * untrusted windows.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code> permission,
+     * and returns <code>true</code> if a SecurityException is not thrown,
+     * otherwise it returns <code>false</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkTopLevelWindow</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally return
+     * <code>false</code>, and the value of
+     * <code>super.checkTopLevelWindow</code> should
+     * be returned.
+     *
+     * @param      window   the new window that is being created.
+     * @return     <code>true</code> if the calling thread is trusted to put up
+     *             top-level windows; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>window</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.awt.Window
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public boolean checkTopLevelWindow(Object window) {
+        if (window == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("window can't be null");
+        }
+        try {
+            checkPermission(SecurityConstants.TOPLEVEL_WINDOW_PERMISSION);
+            return true;
+        } catch (SecurityException se) {
+            // just return false
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to initiate a print job request.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("queuePrintJob")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkPrintJobAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     * <p>
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to initiate a print job request.
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkPrintJobAccess() {
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("queuePrintJob"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access the system clipboard.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>AWTPermission("accessClipboard")</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkSystemClipboardAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the system clipboard.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkSystemClipboardAccess() {
+        checkPermission(SecurityConstants.ACCESS_CLIPBOARD_PERMISSION);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access the AWT event queue.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>AWTPermission("accessEventQueue")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkAwtEventQueueAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the AWT event queue.
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkAwtEventQueueAccess() {
+        checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_AWT_EVENTQUEUE_PERMISSION);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We have an initial invalid bit (initially false) for the class
+     * variables which tell if the cache is valid.  If the underlying
+     * java.security.Security property changes via setProperty(), the
+     * Security class uses reflection to change the variable and thus
+     * invalidate the cache.
+     *
+     * Locking is handled by synchronization to the
+     * packageAccessLock/packageDefinitionLock objects.  They are only
+     * used in this class.
+     *
+     * Note that cache invalidation as a result of the property change
+     * happens without using these locks, so there may be a delay between
+     * when a thread updates the property and when other threads updates
+     * the cache.
+     */
+    private static boolean packageAccessValid = false;
+    private static String[] packageAccess;
+    private static final Object packageAccessLock = new Object();
+
+    private static boolean packageDefinitionValid = false;
+    private static String[] packageDefinition;
+    private static final Object packageDefinitionLock = new Object();
+
+    private static String[] getPackages(String p) {
+        String packages[] = null;
+        if (p != null && !p.equals("")) {
+            java.util.StringTokenizer tok =
+                new java.util.StringTokenizer(p, ",");
+            int n = tok.countTokens();
+            if (n > 0) {
+                packages = new String[n];
+                int i = 0;
+                while (tok.hasMoreElements()) {
+                    String s = tok.nextToken().trim();
+                    packages[i++] = s;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (packages == null)
+            packages = new String[0];
+        return packages;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access the package specified by
+     * the argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is used by the <code>loadClass</code> method of class
+     * loaders.
+     * <p>
+     * This method first gets a list of
+     * restricted packages by obtaining a comma-separated list from
+     * a call to
+     * <code>java.security.Security.getProperty("package.access")</code>,
+     * and checks to see if <code>pkg</code> starts with or equals
+     * any of the restricted packages. If it does, then
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> gets called with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("accessClassInPackage."+pkg)</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If this method is overridden, then
+     * <code>super.checkPackageAccess</code> should be called
+     * as the first line in the overridden method.
+     *
+     * @param      pkg   the package name.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to access the specified package.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the package name argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see        java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)
+     *  loadClass
+     * @see        java.security.Security#getProperty getProperty
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkPackageAccess(String pkg) {
+        if (pkg == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("package name can't be null");
+        }
+
+        String[] pkgs;
+        synchronized (packageAccessLock) {
+            /*
+             * Do we need to update our property array?
+             */
+            if (!packageAccessValid) {
+                String tmpPropertyStr =
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                        new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+                            public String run() {
+                                return java.security.Security.getProperty(
+                                    "package.access");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    );
+                packageAccess = getPackages(tmpPropertyStr);
+                packageAccessValid = true;
+            }
+
+            // Using a snapshot of packageAccess -- don't care if static field
+            // changes afterwards; array contents won't change.
+            pkgs = packageAccess;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Traverse the list of packages, check for any matches.
+         */
+        for (int i = 0; i < pkgs.length; i++) {
+            if (pkg.startsWith(pkgs[i]) || pkgs[i].equals(pkg + ".")) {
+                checkPermission(
+                    new RuntimePermission("accessClassInPackage."+pkg));
+                break;  // No need to continue; only need to check this once
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to define classes in the package
+     * specified by the argument.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is used by the <code>loadClass</code> method of some
+     * class loaders.
+     * <p>
+     * This method first gets a list of restricted packages by
+     * obtaining a comma-separated list from a call to
+     * <code>java.security.Security.getProperty("package.definition")</code>,
+     * and checks to see if <code>pkg</code> starts with or equals
+     * any of the restricted packages. If it does, then
+     * <code>checkPermission</code> gets called with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("defineClassInPackage."+pkg)</code>
+     * permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If this method is overridden, then
+     * <code>super.checkPackageDefinition</code> should be called
+     * as the first line in the overridden method.
+     *
+     * @param      pkg   the package name.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to define classes in the specified package.
+     * @see        java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)
+     * @see        java.security.Security#getProperty getProperty
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkPackageDefinition(String pkg) {
+        if (pkg == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("package name can't be null");
+        }
+
+        String[] pkgs;
+        synchronized (packageDefinitionLock) {
+            /*
+             * Do we need to update our property array?
+             */
+            if (!packageDefinitionValid) {
+                String tmpPropertyStr =
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                        new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+                            public String run() {
+                                return java.security.Security.getProperty(
+                                    "package.definition");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    );
+                packageDefinition = getPackages(tmpPropertyStr);
+                packageDefinitionValid = true;
+            }
+            // Using a snapshot of packageDefinition -- don't care if static
+            // field changes afterwards; array contents won't change.
+            pkgs = packageDefinition;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Traverse the list of packages, check for any matches.
+         */
+        for (int i = 0; i < pkgs.length; i++) {
+            if (pkg.startsWith(pkgs[i]) || pkgs[i].equals(pkg + ".")) {
+                checkPermission(
+                    new RuntimePermission("defineClassInPackage."+pkg));
+                break; // No need to continue; only need to check this once
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to set the socket factory used by
+     * <code>ServerSocket</code> or <code>Socket</code>, or the stream
+     * handler factory used by <code>URL</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * This method calls <code>checkPermission</code> with the
+     * <code>RuntimePermission("setFactory")</code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkSetFactory</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     * <p>
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if the calling thread does not have
+     *             permission to specify a socket factory or a stream
+     *             handler factory.
+     *
+     * @see        java.net.ServerSocket#setSocketFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory) setSocketFactory
+     * @see        java.net.Socket#setSocketImplFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory) setSocketImplFactory
+     * @see        java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory) setURLStreamHandlerFactory
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkSetFactory() {
+        checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setFactory"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a <code>SecurityException</code> if the
+     * calling thread is not allowed to access members.
+     * <p>
+     * The default policy is to allow access to PUBLIC members, as well
+     * as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
+     * In all other cases, this method calls <code>checkPermission</code>
+     * with the <code>RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
+     * </code> permission.
+     * <p>
+     * If this method is overridden, then a call to
+     * <code>super.checkMemberAccess</code> cannot be made,
+     * as the default implementation of <code>checkMemberAccess</code>
+     * relies on the code being checked being at a stack depth of
+     * 4.
+     *
+     * @param clazz the class that reflection is to be performed on.
+     *
+     * @param which type of access, PUBLIC or DECLARED.
+     *
+     * @exception  SecurityException if the caller does not have
+     *             permission to access members.
+     * @exception  NullPointerException if the <code>clazz</code> argument is
+     *             <code>null</code>.
+     * @see java.lang.reflect.Member
+     * @since JDK1.1
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkMemberAccess(Class<?> clazz, int which) {
+        if (clazz == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("class can't be null");
+        }
+        if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
+            Class stack[] = getClassContext();
+            /*
+             * stack depth of 4 should be the caller of one of the
+             * methods in java.lang.Class that invoke checkMember
+             * access. The stack should look like:
+             *
+             * someCaller                        [3]
+             * java.lang.Class.someReflectionAPI [2]
+             * java.lang.Class.checkMemberAccess [1]
+             * SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess [0]
+             *
+             */
+            if ((stack.length<4) ||
+                (stack[3].getClassLoader() != clazz.getClassLoader())) {
+                checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the permission with the specified permission target
+     * name should be granted or denied.
+     *
+     * <p> If the requested permission is allowed, this method returns
+     * quietly. If denied, a SecurityException is raised.
+     *
+     * <p> This method creates a <code>SecurityPermission</code> object for
+     * the given permission target name and calls <code>checkPermission</code>
+     * with it.
+     *
+     * <p> See the documentation for
+     * <code>{@link java.security.SecurityPermission}</code> for
+     * a list of possible permission target names.
+     *
+     * <p> If you override this method, then you should make a call to
+     * <code>super.checkSecurityAccess</code>
+     * at the point the overridden method would normally throw an
+     * exception.
+     *
+     * @param target the target name of the <code>SecurityPermission</code>.
+     *
+     * @exception SecurityException if the calling thread does not have
+     * permission for the requested access.
+     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>target</code> is null.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if <code>target</code> is empty.
+     *
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @see        #checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission
+     */
+    public void checkSecurityAccess(String target) {
+        checkPermission(new SecurityPermission(target));
+    }
+
+    private native Class currentLoadedClass0();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the thread group into which to instantiate any new
+     * thread being created at the time this is being called.
+     * By default, it returns the thread group of the current
+     * thread. This should be overridden by a specific security
+     * manager to return the appropriate thread group.
+     *
+     * @return  ThreadGroup that new threads are instantiated into
+     * @since   JDK1.1
+     * @see     java.lang.ThreadGroup
+     */
+    public ThreadGroup getThreadGroup() {
+        return Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
+    }
+
+}