jdk/src/share/bin/java.c
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 39 560da37936db
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/bin/java.c	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,2031 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1995-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Shared source for 'java' command line tool.
+ *
+ * If JAVA_ARGS is defined, then acts as a launcher for applications. For
+ * instance, the JDK command line tools such as javac and javadoc (see
+ * makefiles for more details) are built with this program.  Any arguments
+ * prefixed with '-J' will be passed directly to the 'java' command.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * One job of the launcher is to remove command line options which the
+ * vm does not understand and will not process.  These options include
+ * options which select which style of vm is run (e.g. -client and
+ * -server) as well as options which select the data model to use.
+ * Additionally, for tools which invoke an underlying vm "-J-foo"
+ * options are turned into "-foo" options to the vm.  This option
+ * filtering is handled in a number of places in the launcher, some of
+ * it in machine-dependent code.  In this file, the function
+ * CheckJVMType removes vm style options and TranslateApplicationArgs
+ * removes "-J" prefixes.  On unix platforms, the
+ * CreateExecutionEnvironment function from the unix java_md.c file
+ * processes and removes -d<n> options.  However, in case
+ * CreateExecutionEnvironment does not need to exec because
+ * LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set acceptably and the data model does not need
+ * to be changed, ParseArguments will screen out the redundant -d<n>
+ * options and prevent them from being passed to the vm; this is done
+ * by RemovableOption.
+ */
+
+
+#include "java.h"
+
+/*
+ * A NOTE TO DEVELOPERS: For performance reasons it is important that
+ * the program image remain relatively small until after SelectVersion
+ * CreateExecutionEnvironment have finished their possibly recursive
+ * processing. Watch everything, but resist all temptations to use Java
+ * interfaces.
+ */
+
+static jboolean printVersion = JNI_FALSE; /* print and exit */
+static jboolean showVersion = JNI_FALSE;  /* print but continue */
+static jboolean printUsage = JNI_FALSE;   /* print and exit*/
+static jboolean printXUsage = JNI_FALSE;  /* print and exit*/
+
+static const char *_program_name;
+static const char *_launcher_name;
+static jboolean _is_java_args = JNI_FALSE;
+static const char *_fVersion;
+static const char *_dVersion;
+static jboolean _wc_enabled = JNI_FALSE;
+static jint _ergo_policy = DEFAULT_POLICY;
+
+/*
+ * Entries for splash screen environment variables.
+ * putenv is performed in SelectVersion. We need
+ * them in memory until UnsetEnv, so they are made static
+ * global instead of auto local.
+ */
+static char* splash_file_entry = NULL;
+static char* splash_jar_entry = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * List of VM options to be specified when the VM is created.
+ */
+static JavaVMOption *options;
+static int numOptions, maxOptions;
+
+/*
+ * Prototypes for functions internal to launcher.
+ */
+static void SetClassPath(const char *s);
+static void SelectVersion(int argc, char **argv, char **main_class);
+static jboolean ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv, char **pjarfile,
+                               char **pclassname, int *pret, const char *jvmpath);
+static jboolean InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv,
+                              InvocationFunctions *ifn);
+static jstring NewPlatformString(JNIEnv *env, char *s);
+static jobjectArray NewPlatformStringArray(JNIEnv *env, char **strv, int strc);
+static jclass LoadClass(JNIEnv *env, char *name);
+static jstring GetMainClassName(JNIEnv *env, char *jarname);
+
+static void TranslateApplicationArgs(int jargc, const char **jargv, int *pargc, char ***pargv);
+static jboolean AddApplicationOptions(int cpathc, const char **cpathv);
+static void SetApplicationClassPath(const char**);
+
+static void PrintJavaVersion(JNIEnv *env, jboolean extraLF);
+static void PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage);
+
+static void SetPaths(int argc, char **argv);
+
+static void DumpState();
+static jboolean RemovableOption(char *option);
+
+/* Maximum supported entries from jvm.cfg. */
+#define INIT_MAX_KNOWN_VMS      10
+
+/* Values for vmdesc.flag */
+enum vmdesc_flag {
+    VM_UNKNOWN = -1,
+    VM_KNOWN,
+    VM_ALIASED_TO,
+    VM_WARN,
+    VM_ERROR,
+    VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS,
+    VM_IGNORE
+};
+
+struct vmdesc {
+    char *name;
+    int flag;
+    char *alias;
+    char *server_class;
+};
+static struct vmdesc *knownVMs = NULL;
+static int knownVMsCount = 0;
+static int knownVMsLimit = 0;
+
+static void GrowKnownVMs();
+static int  KnownVMIndex(const char* name);
+static void FreeKnownVMs();
+static void ShowSplashScreen();
+static jboolean IsWildCardEnabled();
+
+#define ARG_CHECK(n, f, a) if (n < 1) { \
+    ReportErrorMessage(f, a); \
+    printUsage = JNI_TRUE; \
+    *pret = 1; \
+    return JNI_TRUE; \
+}
+
+/*
+ * Running Java code in primordial thread caused many problems. We will
+ * create a new thread to invoke JVM. See 6316197 for more information.
+ */
+static jlong threadStackSize = 0;  /* stack size of the new thread */
+
+int JNICALL JavaMain(void * args); /* entry point                  */
+
+typedef struct {
+  int     argc;
+  char ** argv;
+  char *  jarfile;
+  char *  classname;
+  InvocationFunctions ifn;
+} JavaMainArgs;
+
+/*
+ * Entry point.
+ */
+int
+JLI_Launch(int argc, char ** argv,              /* main argc, argc */
+        int jargc, const char** jargv,          /* java args */
+        int appclassc, const char** appclassv,  /* app classpath */
+        const char* fullversion,                /* full version defined */
+        const char* dotversion,                 /* dot version defined */
+        const char* pname,                      /* program name */
+        const char* lname,                      /* launcher name */
+        jboolean javaargs,                      /* JAVA_ARGS */
+        jboolean cpwildcard,                    /* classpath wildcard*/
+        jboolean javaw,                         /* windows-only javaw */
+        jint ergo                               /* ergonomics class policy */
+)
+{
+    char *jarfile = 0;
+    char *classname = 0;
+    char *cpath = 0;
+    char *main_class = NULL;
+    int ret;
+    InvocationFunctions ifn;
+    jlong start, end;
+    char jrepath[MAXPATHLEN], jvmpath[MAXPATHLEN];
+    char ** original_argv = argv;
+
+    _fVersion = fullversion;
+    _dVersion = dotversion;
+    _launcher_name = lname;
+    _program_name = pname;
+    _is_java_args = javaargs;
+    _wc_enabled = cpwildcard;
+    _ergo_policy = ergo;
+
+    if (javaw == JNI_TRUE)
+        SetJavaw();
+
+    DumpState();
+
+    /*
+     * Make sure the specified version of the JRE is running.
+     *
+     * There are three things to note about the SelectVersion() routine:
+     *  1) If the version running isn't correct, this routine doesn't
+     *     return (either the correct version has been exec'd or an error
+     *     was issued).
+     *  2) Argc and Argv in this scope are *not* altered by this routine.
+     *     It is the responsibility of subsequent code to ignore the
+     *     arguments handled by this routine.
+     *  3) As a side-effect, the variable "main_class" is guaranteed to
+     *     be set (if it should ever be set).  This isn't exactly the
+     *     poster child for structured programming, but it is a small
+     *     price to pay for not processing a jar file operand twice.
+     *     (Note: This side effect has been disabled.  See comment on
+     *     bugid 5030265 below.)
+     */
+    SelectVersion(argc, argv, &main_class);
+
+    /* copy original argv */
+    JLI_TraceLauncher("Command line Args:\n");
+    original_argv = (JLI_CopyArgs(argc, (const char**)argv));
+
+    CreateExecutionEnvironment(&argc, &argv,
+                               jrepath, sizeof(jrepath),
+                               jvmpath, sizeof(jvmpath),
+                               original_argv);
+
+    ifn.CreateJavaVM = 0;
+    ifn.GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs = 0;
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        start = CounterGet();
+    }
+
+    if (!LoadJavaVM(jvmpath, &ifn)) {
+        return(6);
+    }
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        end   = CounterGet();
+    }
+
+    JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to LoadJavaVM\n",
+             (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
+
+    ++argv;
+    --argc;
+
+    if (IsJavaArgs()) {
+        /* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
+        TranslateApplicationArgs(jargc, jargv, &argc, &argv);
+        if (!AddApplicationOptions(appclassc, appclassv)) {
+            return(1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* Set default CLASSPATH */
+        cpath = getenv("CLASSPATH");
+        if (cpath == NULL) {
+            cpath = ".";
+        }
+        SetClassPath(cpath);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Parse command line options; if the return value of
+     *  ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
+     */
+    if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &jarfile, &classname, &ret, jvmpath)) {
+        return(ret);
+    }
+
+    /* Override class path if -jar flag was specified */
+    if (jarfile != 0) {
+        SetClassPath(jarfile);
+    }
+
+    /* set the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property */
+    SetJavaCommandLineProp(classname, jarfile, argc, argv);
+
+    /* Set the -Dsun.java.launcher pseudo property */
+    SetJavaLauncherProp();
+
+    /* set the -Dsun.java.launcher.* platform properties */
+    SetJavaLauncherPlatformProps();
+
+    /* Show the splash screen if needed */
+    ShowSplashScreen();
+
+    return ContinueInNewThread(&ifn, argc, argv, jarfile, classname, ret);
+
+}
+
+
+int JNICALL
+JavaMain(void * _args)
+{
+    JavaMainArgs *args = (JavaMainArgs *)_args;
+    int argc = args->argc;
+    char **argv = args->argv;
+    char *jarfile = args->jarfile;
+    char *classname = args->classname;
+    InvocationFunctions ifn = args->ifn;
+
+    JavaVM *vm = 0;
+    JNIEnv *env = 0;
+    jstring mainClassName;
+    jclass mainClass;
+    jmethodID mainID;
+    jobjectArray mainArgs;
+    int ret = 0;
+    jlong start, end;
+
+
+    /* Initialize the virtual machine */
+
+    start = CounterGet();
+    if (!InitializeJVM(&vm, &env, &ifn)) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR1);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (printVersion || showVersion) {
+        PrintJavaVersion(env, showVersion);
+        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+        if (printVersion) {
+            ret = 0;
+            goto leave;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
+    if (printXUsage || printUsage || (jarfile == 0 && classname == 0)) {
+        PrintUsage(env, printXUsage);
+        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            ret=1;
+        }
+        goto leave;
+    }
+
+    FreeKnownVMs();  /* after last possible PrintUsage() */
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        end = CounterGet();
+        JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to InitializeJVM\n",
+               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
+    }
+
+    /* At this stage, argc/argv have the applications' arguments */
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()){
+        int i;
+        printf("Main-Class is '%s'\n", classname ? classname : "");
+        printf("Apps' argc is %d\n", argc);
+        for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
+            printf("    argv[%2d] = '%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Get the application's main class.
+     *
+     * See bugid 5030265.  The Main-Class name has already been parsed
+     * from the manifest, but not parsed properly for UTF-8 support.
+     * Hence the code here ignores the value previously extracted and
+     * uses the pre-existing code to reextract the value.  This is
+     * possibly an end of release cycle expedient.  However, it has
+     * also been discovered that passing some character sets through
+     * the environment has "strange" behavior on some variants of
+     * Windows.  Hence, maybe the manifest parsing code local to the
+     * launcher should never be enhanced.
+     *
+     * Hence, future work should either:
+     *     1)   Correct the local parsing code and verify that the
+     *          Main-Class attribute gets properly passed through
+     *          all environments,
+     *     2)   Remove the vestages of maintaining main_class through
+     *          the environment (and remove these comments).
+     */
+    if (jarfile != 0) {
+        mainClassName = GetMainClassName(env, jarfile);
+        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+        if (mainClassName == NULL) {
+          ReportErrorMessage(JAR_ERROR1,jarfile, GEN_ERROR);
+          goto leave;
+        }
+        classname = (char *)(*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, 0);
+        if (classname == NULL) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+        mainClass = LoadClass(env, classname);
+        if(mainClass == NULL) { /* exception occured */
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR1);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+        (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, classname);
+    } else {
+      mainClassName = NewPlatformString(env, classname);
+      if (mainClassName == NULL) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR2, classname, GEN_ERROR);
+        goto leave;
+      }
+      classname = (char *)(*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, 0);
+      if (classname == NULL) {
+        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+        ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+        goto leave;
+      }
+      mainClass = LoadClass(env, classname);
+      if(mainClass == NULL) { /* exception occured */
+        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+        ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR1);
+        goto leave;
+      }
+      (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, classname);
+    }
+
+    /* Get the application's main method */
+    mainID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, mainClass, "main",
+                                       "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
+    if (mainID == NULL) {
+        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+        } else {
+          ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR3);
+        }
+        goto leave;
+    }
+
+    {    /* Make sure the main method is public */
+        jint mods;
+        jmethodID mid;
+        jobject obj = (*env)->ToReflectedMethod(env, mainClass,
+                                                mainID, JNI_TRUE);
+
+        if( obj == NULL) { /* exception occurred */
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+
+        mid =
+          (*env)->GetMethodID(env,
+                              (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, obj),
+                              "getModifiers", "()I");
+        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+            ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+
+        mods = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, obj, mid);
+        if ((mods & 1) == 0) { /* if (!Modifier.isPublic(mods)) ... */
+            ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR4);
+            goto leave;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Build argument array */
+    mainArgs = NewPlatformStringArray(env, argv, argc);
+    if (mainArgs == NULL) {
+        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
+        ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR);
+        goto leave;
+    }
+
+    /* Invoke main method. */
+    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, mainClass, mainID, mainArgs);
+
+    /*
+     * The launcher's exit code (in the absence of calls to
+     * System.exit) will be non-zero if main threw an exception.
+     */
+    ret = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env) == NULL ? 0 : 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Detach the main thread so that it appears to have ended when
+     * the application's main method exits.  This will invoke the
+     * uncaught exception handler machinery if main threw an
+     * exception.  An uncaught exception handler cannot change the
+     * launcher's return code except by calling System.exit.
+     */
+    if ((*vm)->DetachCurrentThread(vm) != 0) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR2);
+        ret = 1;
+        goto leave;
+    }
+
+ leave:
+    /*
+     * Wait for all non-daemon threads to end, then destroy the VM.
+     * This will actually create a trivial new Java waiter thread
+     * named "DestroyJavaVM", but this will be seen as a different
+     * thread from the one that executed main, even though they are
+     * the same C thread.  This allows mainThread.join() and
+     * mainThread.isAlive() to work as expected.
+     */
+    (*vm)->DestroyJavaVM(vm);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Checks the command line options to find which JVM type was
+ * specified.  If no command line option was given for the JVM type,
+ * the default type is used.  The environment variable
+ * JDK_ALTERNATE_VM and the command line option -XXaltjvm= are also
+ * checked as ways of specifying which JVM type to invoke.
+ */
+char *
+CheckJvmType(int *pargc, char ***argv, jboolean speculative) {
+    int i, argi;
+    int argc;
+    char **newArgv;
+    int newArgvIdx = 0;
+    int isVMType;
+    int jvmidx = -1;
+    char *jvmtype = getenv("JDK_ALTERNATE_VM");
+
+    argc = *pargc;
+
+    /* To make things simpler we always copy the argv array */
+    newArgv = JLI_MemAlloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+
+    /* The program name is always present */
+    newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[0];
+
+    for (argi = 1; argi < argc; argi++) {
+        char *arg = (*argv)[argi];
+        isVMType = 0;
+
+        if (IsJavaArgs()) {
+            if (arg[0] != '-') {
+                newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
+                continue;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 ||
+                JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) {
+                newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
+                argi++;
+                if (argi < argc) {
+                    newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[argi];
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (arg[0] != '-') break;
+        }
+
+        /* Did the user pass an explicit VM type? */
+        i = KnownVMIndex(arg);
+        if (i >= 0) {
+            jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx = i].name + 1; /* skip the - */
+            isVMType = 1;
+            *pargc = *pargc - 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Did the user specify an "alternate" VM? */
+        else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-XXaltjvm=") == 0 || JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-J-XXaltjvm=") == 0) {
+            isVMType = 1;
+            jvmtype = arg+((arg[1]=='X')? 10 : 12);
+            jvmidx = -1;
+        }
+
+        if (!isVMType) {
+            newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Finish copying the arguments if we aborted the above loop.
+     * NOTE that if we aborted via "break" then we did NOT copy the
+     * last argument above, and in addition argi will be less than
+     * argc.
+     */
+    while (argi < argc) {
+        newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[argi];
+        argi++;
+    }
+
+    /* argv is null-terminated */
+    newArgv[newArgvIdx] = 0;
+
+    /* Copy back argv */
+    *argv = newArgv;
+    *pargc = newArgvIdx;
+
+    /* use the default VM type if not specified (no alias processing) */
+    if (jvmtype == NULL) {
+      char* result = knownVMs[0].name+1;
+      /* Use a different VM type if we are on a server class machine? */
+      if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS) &&
+          (ServerClassMachine() == JNI_TRUE)) {
+        result = knownVMs[0].server_class+1;
+      }
+      JLI_TraceLauncher("Default VM: %s\n", result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /* if using an alternate VM, no alias processing */
+    if (jvmidx < 0)
+      return jvmtype;
+
+    /* Resolve aliases first */
+    {
+      int loopCount = 0;
+      while (knownVMs[jvmidx].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
+        int nextIdx = KnownVMIndex(knownVMs[jvmidx].alias);
+
+        if (loopCount > knownVMsCount) {
+          if (!speculative) {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR1);
+            exit(1);
+          } else {
+            return "ERROR";
+            /* break; */
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (nextIdx < 0) {
+          if (!speculative) {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR2, knownVMs[jvmidx].alias);
+            exit(1);
+          } else {
+            return "ERROR";
+          }
+        }
+        jvmidx = nextIdx;
+        jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx].name+1;
+        loopCount++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (knownVMs[jvmidx].flag) {
+    case VM_WARN:
+        if (!speculative) {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN1, jvmtype, knownVMs[0].name + 1);
+        }
+        /* fall through */
+    case VM_IGNORE:
+        jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx=0].name + 1;
+        /* fall through */
+    case VM_KNOWN:
+        break;
+    case VM_ERROR:
+        if (!speculative) {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR3, jvmtype);
+            exit(1);
+        } else {
+            return "ERROR";
+        }
+    }
+
+    return jvmtype;
+}
+
+/* copied from HotSpot function "atomll()" */
+static int
+parse_stack_size(const char *s, jlong *result) {
+  jlong n = 0;
+  int args_read = sscanf(s, jlong_format_specifier(), &n);
+  if (args_read != 1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  while (*s != '\0' && *s >= '0' && *s <= '9') {
+    s++;
+  }
+  // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
+  if (JLI_StrLen(s) > 1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  switch (*s) {
+    case 'T': case 't':
+      *result = n * GB * KB;
+      return 1;
+    case 'G': case 'g':
+      *result = n * GB;
+      return 1;
+    case 'M': case 'm':
+      *result = n * MB;
+      return 1;
+    case 'K': case 'k':
+      *result = n * KB;
+      return 1;
+    case '\0':
+      *result = n;
+      return 1;
+    default:
+      /* Create JVM with default stack and let VM handle malformed -Xss string*/
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds a new VM option with the given given name and value.
+ */
+void
+AddOption(char *str, void *info)
+{
+    /*
+     * Expand options array if needed to accommodate at least one more
+     * VM option.
+     */
+    if (numOptions >= maxOptions) {
+        if (options == 0) {
+            maxOptions = 4;
+            options = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
+        } else {
+            JavaVMOption *tmp;
+            maxOptions *= 2;
+            tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
+            memcpy(tmp, options, numOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
+            JLI_MemFree(options);
+            options = tmp;
+        }
+    }
+    options[numOptions].optionString = str;
+    options[numOptions++].extraInfo = info;
+
+    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xss") == 0) {
+      jlong tmp;
+      if (parse_stack_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
+        threadStackSize = tmp;
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+SetClassPath(const char *s)
+{
+    char *def;
+    s = JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(s);
+    def = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(s) + 40);
+    sprintf(def, "-Djava.class.path=%s", s);
+    AddOption(def, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The SelectVersion() routine ensures that an appropriate version of
+ * the JRE is running.  The specification for the appropriate version
+ * is obtained from either the manifest of a jar file (preferred) or
+ * from command line options.
+ * The routine also parses splash screen command line options and
+ * passes on their values in private environment variables.
+ */
+static void
+SelectVersion(int argc, char **argv, char **main_class)
+{
+    char    *arg;
+    char    **new_argv;
+    char    **new_argp;
+    char    *operand;
+    char    *version = NULL;
+    char    *jre = NULL;
+    int     jarflag = 0;
+    int     headlessflag = 0;
+    int     restrict_search = -1;               /* -1 implies not known */
+    manifest_info info;
+    char    env_entry[MAXNAMELEN + 24] = ENV_ENTRY "=";
+    char    *splash_file_name = NULL;
+    char    *splash_jar_name = NULL;
+    char    *env_in;
+    int     res;
+
+    /*
+     * If the version has already been selected, set *main_class
+     * with the value passed through the environment (if any) and
+     * simply return.
+     */
+    if ((env_in = getenv(ENV_ENTRY)) != NULL) {
+        if (*env_in != '\0')
+            *main_class = JLI_StringDup(env_in);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Scan through the arguments for options relevant to multiple JRE
+     * support.  For reference, the command line syntax is defined as:
+     *
+     * SYNOPSIS
+     *      java [options] class [argument...]
+     *
+     *      java [options] -jar file.jar [argument...]
+     *
+     * As the scan is performed, make a copy of the argument list with
+     * the version specification options (new to 1.5) removed, so that
+     * a version less than 1.5 can be exec'd.
+     *
+     * Note that due to the syntax of the native Windows interface
+     * CreateProcess(), processing similar to the following exists in
+     * the Windows platform specific routine ExecJRE (in java_md.c).
+     * Changes here should be reproduced there.
+     */
+    new_argv = JLI_MemAlloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char*));
+    new_argv[0] = argv[0];
+    new_argp = &new_argv[1];
+    argc--;
+    argv++;
+    while ((arg = *argv) != 0 && *arg == '-') {
+        if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-version:") == 0) {
+            version = arg + 9;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jre-restrict-search") == 0) {
+            restrict_search = 1;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-no-jre-restrict-search") == 0) {
+            restrict_search = 0;
+        } else {
+            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jar") == 0)
+                jarflag = 1;
+            /* deal with "unfortunate" classpath syntax */
+            if ((JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 || JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) &&
+              (argc >= 2)) {
+                *new_argp++ = arg;
+                argc--;
+                argv++;
+                arg = *argv;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Checking for headless toolkit option in the some way as AWT does:
+             * "true" means true and any other value means false
+             */
+            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Djava.awt.headless=true") == 0) {
+                headlessflag = 1;
+            } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-Djava.awt.headless=") == 0) {
+                headlessflag = 0;
+            } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-splash:") == 0) {
+                splash_file_name = arg+8;
+            }
+            *new_argp++ = arg;
+        }
+        argc--;
+        argv++;
+    }
+    if (argc <= 0) {    /* No operand? Possibly legit with -[full]version */
+        operand = NULL;
+    } else {
+        argc--;
+        *new_argp++ = operand = *argv++;
+    }
+    while (argc-- > 0)  /* Copy over [argument...] */
+        *new_argp++ = *argv++;
+    *new_argp = NULL;
+
+    /*
+     * If there is a jar file, read the manifest. If the jarfile can't be
+     * read, the manifest can't be read from the jar file, or the manifest
+     * is corrupt, issue the appropriate error messages and exit.
+     *
+     * Even if there isn't a jar file, construct a manifest_info structure
+     * containing the command line information.  It's a convenient way to carry
+     * this data around.
+     */
+    if (jarflag && operand) {
+        if ((res = JLI_ParseManifest(operand, &info)) != 0) {
+            if (res == -1)
+                ReportErrorMessage(JAR_ERROR2, operand);
+            else
+                ReportErrorMessage(JAR_ERROR3, operand);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Command line splash screen option should have precedence
+         * over the manifest, so the manifest data is used only if
+         * splash_file_name has not been initialized above during command
+         * line parsing
+         */
+        if (!headlessflag && !splash_file_name && info.splashscreen_image_file_name) {
+            splash_file_name = info.splashscreen_image_file_name;
+            splash_jar_name = operand;
+        }
+    } else {
+        info.manifest_version = NULL;
+        info.main_class = NULL;
+        info.jre_version = NULL;
+        info.jre_restrict_search = 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Passing on splash screen info in environment variables
+     */
+    if (splash_file_name && !headlessflag) {
+        char* splash_file_entry = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY "=")+JLI_StrLen(splash_file_name)+1);
+        JLI_StrCpy(splash_file_entry, SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY "=");
+        JLI_StrCat(splash_file_entry, splash_file_name);
+        putenv(splash_file_entry);
+    }
+    if (splash_jar_name && !headlessflag) {
+        char* splash_jar_entry = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY "=")+JLI_StrLen(splash_jar_name)+1);
+        JLI_StrCpy(splash_jar_entry, SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY "=");
+        JLI_StrCat(splash_jar_entry, splash_jar_name);
+        putenv(splash_jar_entry);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * The JRE-Version and JRE-Restrict-Search values (if any) from the
+     * manifest are overwritten by any specified on the command line.
+     */
+    if (version != NULL)
+        info.jre_version = version;
+    if (restrict_search != -1)
+        info.jre_restrict_search = restrict_search;
+
+    /*
+     * "Valid" returns (other than unrecoverable errors) follow.  Set
+     * main_class as a side-effect of this routine.
+     */
+    if (info.main_class != NULL)
+        *main_class = JLI_StringDup(info.main_class);
+
+    /*
+     * If no version selection information is found either on the command
+     * line or in the manifest, simply return.
+     */
+    if (info.jre_version == NULL) {
+        JLI_FreeManifest();
+        JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for correct syntax of the version specification (JSR 56).
+     */
+    if (!JLI_ValidVersionString(info.jre_version)) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(SPC_ERROR1, info.jre_version);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Find the appropriate JVM on the system. Just to be as forgiving as
+     * possible, if the standard algorithms don't locate an appropriate
+     * jre, check to see if the one running will satisfy the requirements.
+     * This can happen on systems which haven't been set-up for multiple
+     * JRE support.
+     */
+    jre = LocateJRE(&info);
+    JLI_TraceLauncher("JRE-Version = %s, JRE-Restrict-Search = %s Selected = %s\n",
+        (info.jre_version?info.jre_version:"null"),
+        (info.jre_restrict_search?"true":"false"), (jre?jre:"null"));
+
+    if (jre == NULL) {
+        if (JLI_AcceptableRelease(GetFullVersion(), info.jre_version)) {
+            JLI_FreeManifest();
+            JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
+            return;
+        } else {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR4, info.jre_version);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If I'm not the chosen one, exec the chosen one.  Returning from
+     * ExecJRE indicates that I am indeed the chosen one.
+     *
+     * The private environment variable _JAVA_VERSION_SET is used to
+     * prevent the chosen one from re-reading the manifest file and
+     * using the values found within to override the (potential) command
+     * line flags stripped from argv (because the target may not
+     * understand them).  Passing the MainClass value is an optimization
+     * to avoid locating, expanding and parsing the manifest extra
+     * times.
+     */
+    if (info.main_class != NULL)
+        (void)JLI_StrCat(env_entry, info.main_class);
+    (void)putenv(env_entry);
+    ExecJRE(jre, new_argv);
+    JLI_FreeManifest();
+    JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
+    return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parses command line arguments.  Returns JNI_FALSE if launcher
+ * should exit without starting vm, returns JNI_TRUE if vm needs
+ * to be started to process  given options. *pret (the launcher
+ * process return value) is set to 0 for a normal exit.
+ */
+static jboolean
+ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv, char **pjarfile,
+                       char **pclassname, int *pret, const char *jvmpath)
+{
+    int argc = *pargc;
+    char **argv = *pargv;
+    jboolean jarflag = JNI_FALSE;
+    char *arg;
+
+    *pret = 0;
+
+    while ((arg = *argv) != 0 && *arg == '-') {
+        argv++; --argc;
+        if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 || JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) {
+            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR1, arg);
+            SetClassPath(*argv);
+            argv++; --argc;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jar") == 0) {
+            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR2, arg);
+            jarflag = JNI_TRUE;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-help") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-h") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-?") == 0) {
+            printUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            return JNI_TRUE;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-version") == 0) {
+            printVersion = JNI_TRUE;
+            return JNI_TRUE;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-showversion") == 0) {
+            showVersion = JNI_TRUE;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-X") == 0) {
+            printXUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            return JNI_TRUE;
+/*
+ * The following case provide backward compatibility with old-style
+ * command line options.
+ */
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-fullversion") == 0) {
+            ReportMessage("%s full version \"%s\"", _launcher_name, GetFullVersion());
+            return JNI_FALSE;
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verbosegc") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-verbose:gc", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-t") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xt", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-tm") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xtm", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-debug") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xdebug", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noclassgc") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xnoclassgc", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Xfuture") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verify") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verifyremote") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xverify:remote", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noverify") == 0) {
+            AddOption("-Xverify:none", NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-prof") == 0) {
+            char *p = arg + 5;
+            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 50);
+            if (*p) {
+                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=%s", p + 1);
+            } else {
+                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=java.prof");
+            }
+            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ss") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-oss") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ms") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-mx") == 0) {
+            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 6);
+            sprintf(tmp, "-X%s", arg + 1); /* skip '-' */
+            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-checksource") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cs") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noasyncgc") == 0) {
+            /* No longer supported */
+            ReportErrorMessage(ARG_WARN, arg);
+        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-version:") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-no-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
+                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-splash:") == 0) {
+            ; /* Ignore machine independent options already handled */
+        } else if (RemovableOption(arg) ) {
+            ; /* Do not pass option to vm. */
+        } else {
+            AddOption(arg, NULL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (--argc >= 0) {
+        if (jarflag) {
+            *pjarfile = *argv++;
+            *pclassname = 0;
+        } else {
+            *pjarfile = 0;
+            *pclassname = *argv++;
+        }
+        *pargc = argc;
+        *pargv = argv;
+    }
+
+    return JNI_TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initializes the Java Virtual Machine. Also frees options array when
+ * finished.
+ */
+static jboolean
+InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv, InvocationFunctions *ifn)
+{
+    JavaVMInitArgs args;
+    jint r;
+
+    memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+    args.version  = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
+    args.nOptions = numOptions;
+    args.options  = options;
+    args.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        printf("JavaVM args:\n    ");
+        printf("version 0x%08lx, ", (long)args.version);
+        printf("ignoreUnrecognized is %s, ",
+               args.ignoreUnrecognized ? "JNI_TRUE" : "JNI_FALSE");
+        printf("nOptions is %ld\n", (long)args.nOptions);
+        for (i = 0; i < numOptions; i++)
+            printf("    option[%2d] = '%s'\n",
+                   i, args.options[i].optionString);
+    }
+
+    r = ifn->CreateJavaVM(pvm, (void **)penv, &args);
+    JLI_MemFree(options);
+    return r == JNI_OK;
+}
+
+
+#define NULL_CHECK0(e) if ((e) == 0) { \
+    ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR); \
+    return 0; \
+  }
+
+#define NULL_CHECK(e) if ((e) == 0) { \
+    ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR); \
+    return; \
+  }
+
+static jstring platformEncoding = NULL;
+static jstring getPlatformEncoding(JNIEnv *env) {
+    if (platformEncoding == NULL) {
+        jstring propname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "sun.jnu.encoding");
+        if (propname) {
+            jclass cls;
+            jmethodID mid;
+            NULL_CHECK0 (cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/System"));
+            NULL_CHECK0 (mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(
+                                   env, cls,
+                                   "getProperty",
+                                   "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;"));
+            platformEncoding = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod (
+                                    env, cls, mid, propname);
+        }
+    }
+    return platformEncoding;
+}
+
+static jboolean isEncodingSupported(JNIEnv *env, jstring enc) {
+    jclass cls;
+    jmethodID mid;
+    NULL_CHECK0 (cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/nio/charset/Charset"));
+    NULL_CHECK0 (mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(
+                           env, cls,
+                           "isSupported",
+                           "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z"));
+    return (*env)->CallStaticBooleanMethod(env, cls, mid, enc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a new Java string object for the specified platform string.
+ */
+static jstring
+NewPlatformString(JNIEnv *env, char *s)
+{
+    int len = (int)JLI_StrLen(s);
+    jclass cls;
+    jmethodID mid;
+    jbyteArray ary;
+    jstring enc;
+
+    if (s == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    enc = getPlatformEncoding(env);
+
+    ary = (*env)->NewByteArray(env, len);
+    if (ary != 0) {
+        jstring str = 0;
+        (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion(env, ary, 0, len, (jbyte *)s);
+        if (!(*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
+            if (isEncodingSupported(env, enc) == JNI_TRUE) {
+                NULL_CHECK0(cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String"));
+                NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>",
+                                          "([BLjava/lang/String;)V"));
+                str = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, mid, ary, enc);
+            } else {
+                /*If the encoding specified in sun.jnu.encoding is not
+                  endorsed by "Charset.isSupported" we have to fall back
+                  to use String(byte[]) explicitly here without specifying
+                  the encoding name, in which the StringCoding class will
+                  pickup the iso-8859-1 as the fallback converter for us.
+                */
+                NULL_CHECK0(cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String"));
+                NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>",
+                                          "([B)V"));
+                str = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, mid, ary);
+            }
+            (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, ary);
+            return str;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a new array of Java string objects for the specified
+ * array of platform strings.
+ */
+static jobjectArray
+NewPlatformStringArray(JNIEnv *env, char **strv, int strc)
+{
+    jarray cls;
+    jarray ary;
+    int i;
+
+    NULL_CHECK0(cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String"));
+    NULL_CHECK0(ary = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, strc, cls, 0));
+    for (i = 0; i < strc; i++) {
+        jstring str = NewPlatformString(env, *strv++);
+        NULL_CHECK0(str);
+        (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, ary, i, str);
+        (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, str);
+    }
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads a class, convert the '.' to '/'.
+ */
+static jclass
+LoadClass(JNIEnv *env, char *name)
+{
+    char *buf = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(name) + 1);
+    char *s = buf, *t = name, c;
+    jclass cls;
+    jlong start, end;
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher())
+        start = CounterGet();
+
+    do {
+        c = *t++;
+        *s++ = (c == '.') ? '/' : c;
+    } while (c != '\0');
+    cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, buf);
+    JLI_MemFree(buf);
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        end   = CounterGet();
+        printf("%ld micro seconds to load main class\n",
+               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
+        printf("----_JAVA_LAUNCHER_DEBUG----\n");
+    }
+
+    return cls;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Returns the main class name for the specified jar file.
+ */
+static jstring
+GetMainClassName(JNIEnv *env, char *jarname)
+{
+#define MAIN_CLASS "Main-Class"
+    jclass cls;
+    jmethodID mid;
+    jobject jar, man, attr;
+    jstring str, result = 0;
+
+    NULL_CHECK0(cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/util/jar/JarFile"));
+    NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>",
+                                          "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+    NULL_CHECK0(str = NewPlatformString(env, jarname));
+    NULL_CHECK0(jar = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, mid, str));
+    NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "getManifest",
+                                          "()Ljava/util/jar/Manifest;"));
+    man = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, jar, mid);
+    if (man != 0) {
+        NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,
+                                    (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, man),
+                                    "getMainAttributes",
+                                    "()Ljava/util/jar/Attributes;"));
+        attr = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, man, mid);
+        if (attr != 0) {
+            NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,
+                                    (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, attr),
+                                    "getValue",
+                                    "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;"));
+            NULL_CHECK0(str = NewPlatformString(env, MAIN_CLASS));
+            result = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, attr, mid, str);
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * For tools, convert command line args thus:
+ *   javac -cp foo:foo/"*" -J-ms32m ...
+ *   java -ms32m -cp JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(foo:foo/"*") ...
+ *
+ * Takes 4 parameters, and returns the populated arguments
+ */
+static void
+TranslateApplicationArgs(int jargc, const char **jargv, int *pargc, char ***pargv)
+{
+    int argc = *pargc;
+    char **argv = *pargv;
+    int nargc = argc + jargc;
+    char **nargv = JLI_MemAlloc((nargc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+    int i;
+
+    *pargc = nargc;
+    *pargv = nargv;
+
+    /* Copy the VM arguments (i.e. prefixed with -J) */
+    for (i = 0; i < jargc; i++) {
+        const char *arg = jargv[i];
+        if (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == 'J') {
+            *nargv++ = ((arg + 2) == NULL) ? NULL : JLI_StringDup(arg + 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        char *arg = argv[i];
+        if (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == 'J') {
+            if (arg[2] == '\0') {
+                ReportErrorMessage(ARG_ERROR3);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            *nargv++ = arg + 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Copy the rest of the arguments */
+    for (i = 0; i < jargc ; i++) {
+        const char *arg = jargv[i];
+        if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != 'J') {
+            *nargv++ = (arg == NULL) ? NULL : JLI_StringDup(arg);
+        }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        char *arg = argv[i];
+        if (arg[0] == '-') {
+            if (arg[1] == 'J')
+                continue;
+            if (IsWildCardEnabled() && arg[1] == 'c'
+                && (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0 ||
+                    JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0)
+                && i < argc - 1) {
+                *nargv++ = arg;
+                *nargv++ = (char *) JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(argv[i+1]);
+                i++;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        *nargv++ = arg;
+    }
+    *nargv = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For our tools, we try to add 3 VM options:
+ *      -Denv.class.path=<envcp>
+ *      -Dapplication.home=<apphome>
+ *      -Djava.class.path=<appcp>
+ * <envcp>   is the user's setting of CLASSPATH -- for instance the user
+ *           tells javac where to find binary classes through this environment
+ *           variable.  Notice that users will be able to compile against our
+ *           tools classes (sun.tools.javac.Main) only if they explicitly add
+ *           tools.jar to CLASSPATH.
+ * <apphome> is the directory where the application is installed.
+ * <appcp>   is the classpath to where our apps' classfiles are.
+ */
+static jboolean
+AddApplicationOptions(int cpathc, const char **cpathv)
+{
+    char *envcp, *appcp, *apphome;
+    char home[MAXPATHLEN]; /* application home */
+    char separator[] = { PATH_SEPARATOR, '\0' };
+    int size, i;
+
+    {
+        const char *s = getenv("CLASSPATH");
+        if (s) {
+            s = (char *) JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(s);
+            /* 40 for -Denv.class.path= */
+            envcp = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(s) + 40);
+            sprintf(envcp, "-Denv.class.path=%s", s);
+            AddOption(envcp, NULL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!GetApplicationHome(home, sizeof(home))) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR5);
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /* 40 for '-Dapplication.home=' */
+    apphome = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(home) + 40);
+    sprintf(apphome, "-Dapplication.home=%s", home);
+    AddOption(apphome, NULL);
+
+    /* How big is the application's classpath? */
+    size = 40;                                 /* 40: "-Djava.class.path=" */
+    for (i = 0; i < cpathc; i++) {
+        size += (int)JLI_StrLen(home) + (int)JLI_StrLen(cpathv[i]) + 1; /* 1: separator */
+    }
+    appcp = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(size + 1);
+    JLI_StrCpy(appcp, "-Djava.class.path=");
+    for (i = 0; i < cpathc; i++) {
+        JLI_StrCat(appcp, home);                        /* c:\program files\myapp */
+        JLI_StrCat(appcp, cpathv[i]);           /* \lib\myapp.jar         */
+        JLI_StrCat(appcp, separator);           /* ;                      */
+    }
+    appcp[JLI_StrLen(appcp)-1] = '\0';  /* remove trailing path separator */
+    AddOption(appcp, NULL);
+    return JNI_TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * inject the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property into the args structure
+ * this pseudo property is used in the HotSpot VM to expose the
+ * Java class name and arguments to the main method to the VM. The
+ * HotSpot VM uses this pseudo property to store the Java class name
+ * (or jar file name) and the arguments to the class's main method
+ * to the instrumentation memory region. The sun.java.command pseudo
+ * property is not exported by HotSpot to the Java layer.
+ */
+void
+SetJavaCommandLineProp(char *classname, char *jarfile,
+                       int argc, char **argv)
+{
+
+    int i = 0;
+    size_t len = 0;
+    char* javaCommand = NULL;
+    char* dashDstr = "-Dsun.java.command=";
+
+    if (classname == NULL && jarfile == NULL) {
+        /* unexpected, one of these should be set. just return without
+         * setting the property
+         */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* if the class name is not set, then use the jarfile name */
+    if (classname == NULL) {
+        classname = jarfile;
+    }
+
+    /* determine the amount of memory to allocate assuming
+     * the individual components will be space separated
+     */
+    len = JLI_StrLen(classname);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        len += JLI_StrLen(argv[i]) + 1;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate the memory */
+    javaCommand = (char*) JLI_MemAlloc(len + JLI_StrLen(dashDstr) + 1);
+
+    /* build the -D string */
+    *javaCommand = '\0';
+    JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, dashDstr);
+    JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, classname);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        /* the components of the string are space separated. In
+         * the case of embedded white space, the relationship of
+         * the white space separated components to their true
+         * positional arguments will be ambiguous. This issue may
+         * be addressed in a future release.
+         */
+        JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, " ");
+        JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    AddOption(javaCommand, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * JVM would like to know if it's created by a standard Sun launcher, or by
+ * user native application, the following property indicates the former.
+ */
+void SetJavaLauncherProp() {
+  AddOption("-Dsun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD", NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prints the version information from the java.version and other properties.
+ */
+static void
+PrintJavaVersion(JNIEnv *env, jboolean extraLF)
+{
+    jclass ver;
+    jmethodID print;
+
+    NULL_CHECK(ver = (*env)->FindClass(env, "sun/misc/Version"));
+    NULL_CHECK(print = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env,
+                                                 ver,
+                                                 (extraLF == JNI_TRUE) ? "println" : "print",
+                                                 "()V"
+                                                 )
+              );
+
+    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, ver, print);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prints default usage or the Xusage message, see sun.launcher.LauncherHelp.java
+ */
+static void
+PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage)
+{
+  jclass cls;
+  jmethodID initHelp, vmSelect, vmSynonym, vmErgo, printHelp, printXUsageMessage;
+  jstring jprogname, vm1, vm2;
+  int i;
+
+  NULL_CHECK(cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "sun/launcher/LauncherHelp"));
+
+
+  if (doXUsage) {
+    NULL_CHECK(printXUsageMessage = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                        "printXUsageMessage", "(Z)V"));
+    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printXUsageMessage, JNI_TRUE);
+  } else {
+    NULL_CHECK(initHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                        "initHelpMessage", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+    NULL_CHECK(vmSelect = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, "appendVmSelectMessage",
+                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+    NULL_CHECK(vmSynonym = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                        "appendVmSynonymMessage",
+                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+    NULL_CHECK(vmErgo = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                        "appendVmErgoMessage", "(ZLjava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+    NULL_CHECK(printHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                        "printHelpMessage", "(Z)V"));
+
+    jprogname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, _program_name);
+
+    /* Initialize the usage message with the usual preamble */
+    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, initHelp, jprogname);
+
+
+    /* Assemble the other variant part of the usage */
+    if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_KNOWN) ||
+        (knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS)) {
+      vm1 = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[0].name);
+      vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[0].name+1);
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
+    }
+    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
+      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_KNOWN) {
+        vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name);
+        vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name+1);
+        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
+      }
+    }
+    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
+      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
+        vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name);
+        vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].alias+1);
+        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSynonym, vm1, vm2);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* The first known VM is the default */
+    {
+      jboolean isServerClassMachine = ServerClassMachine();
+
+      const char* defaultVM  =  knownVMs[0].name+1;
+      if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS) && isServerClassMachine) {
+        defaultVM = knownVMs[0].server_class+1;
+      }
+
+      vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, defaultVM);
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmErgo, isServerClassMachine,  vm1);
+    }
+
+    /* Complete the usage message and print to stderr*/
+    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printHelp, JNI_TRUE);
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the jvm.cfg file and fill the knownJVMs[] array.
+ *
+ * The functionality of the jvm.cfg file is subject to change without
+ * notice and the mechanism will be removed in the future.
+ *
+ * The lexical structure of the jvm.cfg file is as follows:
+ *
+ *     jvmcfg         :=  { vmLine }
+ *     vmLine         :=  knownLine
+ *                    |   aliasLine
+ *                    |   warnLine
+ *                    |   ignoreLine
+ *                    |   errorLine
+ *                    |   predicateLine
+ *                    |   commentLine
+ *     knownLine      :=  flag  "KNOWN"                  EOL
+ *     warnLine       :=  flag  "WARN"                   EOL
+ *     ignoreLine     :=  flag  "IGNORE"                 EOL
+ *     errorLine      :=  flag  "ERROR"                  EOL
+ *     aliasLine      :=  flag  "ALIASED_TO"       flag  EOL
+ *     predicateLine  :=  flag  "IF_SERVER_CLASS"  flag  EOL
+ *     commentLine    :=  "#" text                       EOL
+ *     flag           :=  "-" identifier
+ *
+ * The semantics are that when someone specifies a flag on the command line:
+ * - if the flag appears on a knownLine, then the identifier is used as
+ *   the name of the directory holding the JVM library (the name of the JVM).
+ * - if the flag appears as the first flag on an aliasLine, the identifier
+ *   of the second flag is used as the name of the JVM.
+ * - if the flag appears on a warnLine, the identifier is used as the
+ *   name of the JVM, but a warning is generated.
+ * - if the flag appears on an ignoreLine, the identifier is recognized as the
+ *   name of a JVM, but the identifier is ignored and the default vm used
+ * - if the flag appears on an errorLine, an error is generated.
+ * - if the flag appears as the first flag on a predicateLine, and
+ *   the machine on which you are running passes the predicate indicated,
+ *   then the identifier of the second flag is used as the name of the JVM,
+ *   otherwise the identifier of the first flag is used as the name of the JVM.
+ * If no flag is given on the command line, the first vmLine of the jvm.cfg
+ * file determines the name of the JVM.
+ * PredicateLines are only interpreted on first vmLine of a jvm.cfg file,
+ * since they only make sense if someone hasn't specified the name of the
+ * JVM on the command line.
+ *
+ * The intent of the jvm.cfg file is to allow several JVM libraries to
+ * be installed in different subdirectories of a single JRE installation,
+ * for space-savings and convenience in testing.
+ * The intent is explicitly not to provide a full aliasing or predicate
+ * mechanism.
+ */
+jint
+ReadKnownVMs(const char *jrepath, const char * arch, jboolean speculative)
+{
+    FILE *jvmCfg;
+    char jvmCfgName[MAXPATHLEN+20];
+    char line[MAXPATHLEN+20];
+    int cnt = 0;
+    int lineno = 0;
+    jlong start, end;
+    int vmType;
+    char *tmpPtr;
+    char *altVMName = NULL;
+    char *serverClassVMName = NULL;
+    static char *whiteSpace = " \t";
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        start = CounterGet();
+    }
+
+    JLI_StrCpy(jvmCfgName, jrepath);
+    JLI_StrCat(jvmCfgName, FILESEP "lib" FILESEP);
+    JLI_StrCat(jvmCfgName, arch);
+    JLI_StrCat(jvmCfgName, FILESEP "jvm.cfg");
+
+    jvmCfg = fopen(jvmCfgName, "r");
+    if (jvmCfg == NULL) {
+      if (!speculative) {
+        ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR6, jvmCfgName);
+        exit(1);
+      } else {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), jvmCfg) != NULL) {
+        vmType = VM_UNKNOWN;
+        lineno++;
+        if (line[0] == '#')
+            continue;
+        if (line[0] != '-') {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN2, lineno, jvmCfgName);
+        }
+        if (cnt >= knownVMsLimit) {
+            GrowKnownVMs(cnt);
+        }
+        line[JLI_StrLen(line)-1] = '\0'; /* remove trailing newline */
+        tmpPtr = line + JLI_StrCSpn(line, whiteSpace);
+        if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
+            ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
+        } else {
+            /* Null-terminate this string for JLI_StringDup below */
+            *tmpPtr++ = 0;
+            tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+            if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
+                ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
+            } else {
+                if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "KNOWN")) {
+                    vmType = VM_KNOWN;
+                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "ALIASED_TO")) {
+                    tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                    if (*tmpPtr != 0) {
+                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                    }
+                    if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
+                        ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
+                    } else {
+                        /* Null terminate altVMName */
+                        altVMName = tmpPtr;
+                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                        *tmpPtr = 0;
+                        vmType = VM_ALIASED_TO;
+                    }
+                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "WARN")) {
+                    vmType = VM_WARN;
+                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "IGNORE")) {
+                    vmType = VM_IGNORE;
+                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "ERROR")) {
+                    vmType = VM_ERROR;
+                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "IF_SERVER_CLASS")) {
+                    tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                    if (*tmpPtr != 0) {
+                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                    }
+                    if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
+                        ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN4, lineno, jvmCfgName);
+                    } else {
+                        /* Null terminate server class VM name */
+                        serverClassVMName = tmpPtr;
+                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
+                        *tmpPtr = 0;
+                        vmType = VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN5, lineno, &jvmCfgName[0]);
+                    vmType = VM_KNOWN;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        JLI_TraceLauncher("jvm.cfg[%d] = ->%s<-\n", cnt, line);
+        if (vmType != VM_UNKNOWN) {
+            knownVMs[cnt].name = JLI_StringDup(line);
+            knownVMs[cnt].flag = vmType;
+            switch (vmType) {
+            default:
+                break;
+            case VM_ALIASED_TO:
+                knownVMs[cnt].alias = JLI_StringDup(altVMName);
+                JLI_TraceLauncher("    name: %s  vmType: %s  alias: %s\n",
+                   knownVMs[cnt].name, "VM_ALIASED_TO", knownVMs[cnt].alias);
+                break;
+            case VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS:
+                knownVMs[cnt].server_class = JLI_StringDup(serverClassVMName);
+                JLI_TraceLauncher("    name: %s  vmType: %s  server_class: %s\n",
+                    knownVMs[cnt].name, "VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS", knownVMs[cnt].server_class);
+                break;
+            }
+            cnt++;
+        }
+    }
+    fclose(jvmCfg);
+    knownVMsCount = cnt;
+
+    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
+        end   = CounterGet();
+        printf("%ld micro seconds to parse jvm.cfg\n",
+               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
+    }
+
+    return cnt;
+}
+
+
+static void
+GrowKnownVMs(int minimum)
+{
+    struct vmdesc* newKnownVMs;
+    int newMax;
+
+    newMax = (knownVMsLimit == 0 ? INIT_MAX_KNOWN_VMS : (2 * knownVMsLimit));
+    if (newMax <= minimum) {
+        newMax = minimum;
+    }
+    newKnownVMs = (struct vmdesc*) JLI_MemAlloc(newMax * sizeof(struct vmdesc));
+    if (knownVMs != NULL) {
+        memcpy(newKnownVMs, knownVMs, knownVMsLimit * sizeof(struct vmdesc));
+    }
+    JLI_MemFree(knownVMs);
+    knownVMs = newKnownVMs;
+    knownVMsLimit = newMax;
+}
+
+
+/* Returns index of VM or -1 if not found */
+static int
+KnownVMIndex(const char* name)
+{
+    int i;
+    if (JLI_StrCCmp(name, "-J") == 0) name += 2;
+    for (i = 0; i < knownVMsCount; i++) {
+        if (!JLI_StrCmp(name, knownVMs[i].name)) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void
+FreeKnownVMs()
+{
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < knownVMsCount; i++) {
+        JLI_MemFree(knownVMs[i].name);
+        knownVMs[i].name = NULL;
+    }
+    JLI_MemFree(knownVMs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Displays the splash screen according to the jar file name
+ * and image file names stored in environment variables
+ */
+static void
+ShowSplashScreen()
+{
+    const char *jar_name = getenv(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY);
+    const char *file_name = getenv(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY);
+    int data_size;
+    void *image_data;
+    if (jar_name) {
+        image_data = JLI_JarUnpackFile(jar_name, file_name, &data_size);
+        if (image_data) {
+            DoSplashInit();
+            DoSplashLoadMemory(image_data, data_size);
+            JLI_MemFree(image_data);
+        }
+    } else if (file_name) {
+        DoSplashInit();
+        DoSplashLoadFile(file_name);
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+    DoSplashSetFileJarName(file_name, jar_name);
+
+    /*
+     * Done with all command line processing and potential re-execs so
+     * clean up the environment.
+     */
+    (void)UnsetEnv(ENV_ENTRY);
+    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY);
+    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY);
+
+    JLI_MemFree(splash_jar_entry);
+    JLI_MemFree(splash_file_entry);
+
+}
+
+const char*
+GetDotVersion()
+{
+    return _dVersion;
+}
+
+const char*
+GetFullVersion()
+{
+    return _fVersion;
+}
+
+const char*
+GetProgramName()
+{
+    return _program_name;
+}
+
+const char*
+GetLauncherName()
+{
+    return _launcher_name;
+}
+
+jint
+GetErgoPolicy()
+{
+    return _ergo_policy;
+}
+
+jboolean
+IsJavaArgs()
+{
+    return _is_java_args;
+}
+
+static jboolean
+IsWildCardEnabled()
+{
+    return _wc_enabled;
+}
+
+static int
+ContinueInNewThread(InvocationFunctions* ifn, int argc,
+                     char **argv, char *jarfile, char *classname, int ret)
+{
+
+    /*
+     * If user doesn't specify stack size, check if VM has a preference.
+     * Note that HotSpot no longer supports JNI_VERSION_1_1 but it will
+     * return its default stack size through the init args structure.
+     */
+    if (threadStackSize == 0) {
+      struct JDK1_1InitArgs args1_1;
+      memset((void*)&args1_1, 0, sizeof(args1_1));
+      args1_1.version = JNI_VERSION_1_1;
+      ifn->GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs(&args1_1);  /* ignore return value */
+      if (args1_1.javaStackSize > 0) {
+         threadStackSize = args1_1.javaStackSize;
+      }
+    }
+
+    { /* Create a new thread to create JVM and invoke main method */
+      JavaMainArgs args;
+      int rslt;
+
+      args.argc = argc;
+      args.argv = argv;
+      args.jarfile = jarfile;
+      args.classname = classname;
+      args.ifn = *ifn;
+
+      rslt = ContinueInNewThread0(JavaMain, threadStackSize, (void*)&args);
+      /* If the caller has deemed there is an error we
+       * simply return that, otherwise we return the value of
+       * the callee
+       */
+      return (ret != 0) ? ret : rslt;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+DumpState()
+{
+    if (!JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) return ;
+    printf("Launcher state:\n");
+    printf("\tdebug:%s\n", (JLI_IsTraceLauncher() == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
+    printf("\tjavargs:%s\n", (_is_java_args == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
+    printf("\tprogram name:%s\n", GetProgramName());
+    printf("\tlauncher name:%s\n", GetLauncherName());
+    printf("\tjavaw:%s\n", (IsJavaw() == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
+    printf("\tfullversion:%s\n", GetFullVersion());
+    printf("\tdotversion:%s\n", GetDotVersion());
+    printf("\tergo_policy:");
+    switch(GetErgoPolicy()) {
+        case NEVER_SERVER_CLASS:
+            printf("NEVER_ACT_AS_A_SERVER_CLASS_MACHINE\n");
+            break;
+        case ALWAYS_SERVER_CLASS:
+            printf("ALWAYS_ACT_AS_A_SERVER_CLASS_MACHINE\n");
+            break;
+        default:
+            printf("DEFAULT_ERGONOMICS_POLICY\n");
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return JNI_TRUE for an option string that has no effect but should
+ * _not_ be passed on to the vm; return JNI_FALSE otherwise.  On
+ * Solaris SPARC, this screening needs to be done if:
+ * 1) LD_LIBRARY_PATH does _not_ need to be reset and
+ * 2) -d32 or -d64 is passed to a binary with a matching data model
+ *    (the exec in SetLibraryPath removes -d<n> options and points the
+ *    exec to the proper binary).  When this exec is not done, these options
+ *    would end up getting passed onto the vm.
+ */
+jboolean
+RemovableOption(char * option)
+{
+  /*
+   * Unconditionally remove both -d32 and -d64 options since only
+   * the last such options has an effect; e.g.
+   * java -d32 -d64 -d32 -version
+   * is equivalent to
+   * java -d32 -version
+   */
+
+  if( (JLI_StrCCmp(option, "-d32")  == 0 ) ||
+      (JLI_StrCCmp(option, "-d64")  == 0 ) )
+    return JNI_TRUE;
+  else
+    return JNI_FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A utility procedure to always print to stderr
+ */
+void
+ReportMessage(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list vl;
+    va_start(vl, fmt);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, vl);
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    va_end(vl);
+}