src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyFile.java
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 43297 05ad35b943d0
child 47478 438e0c9f2f17
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyFile.java	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,2258 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package sun.security.provider;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.security.*;
+import java.security.cert.Certificate;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import javax.security.auth.Subject;
+import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
+import java.io.FilePermission;
+import java.net.SocketPermission;
+import java.net.NetPermission;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import jdk.internal.misc.JavaSecurityProtectionDomainAccess;
+import static jdk.internal.misc.JavaSecurityProtectionDomainAccess.ProtectionDomainCache;
+import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;
+import sun.security.util.*;
+import sun.net.www.ParseUtil;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a default Policy implementation for the
+ * "JavaPolicy" type.
+ *
+ * Note:
+ * For backward compatibility with JAAS 1.0 it loads
+ * both java.auth.policy and java.policy. However, it
+ * is recommended that java.auth.policy not be used
+ * and that java.policy contain all grant entries including
+ * those that contain principal-based entries.
+ *
+ * <p> This object stores the policy for the entire Java runtime,
+ * and is the amalgamation of multiple static policy
+ * configurations that resides in files.
+ * The algorithm for locating the policy file(s) and reading their
+ * information into this <code>Policy</code> object is:
+ *
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>
+ *   Read in and load the default policy file named
+ *   &lt;JAVA_HOME&gt;/lib/security/default.policy. &lt;JAVA_HOME&gt; refers
+ *   to the value of the java.home system property, and specifies the directory
+ *   where the JRE is installed. This policy file grants permissions to the
+ *   modules loaded by the platform class loader. If the default policy file
+ *   cannot be loaded, a fatal InternalError is thrown as these permissions
+ *   are needed in order for the runtime to operate correctly.
+ * <li>
+ *   Loop through the <code>java.security.Security</code> properties,
+ *   <i>policy.url.1</i>, <i>policy.url.2</i>, ...,
+ *   <i>policy.url.X</i>" and
+ *   <i>auth.policy.url.1</i>, <i>auth.policy.url.2</i>, ...,
+ *   <i>auth.policy.url.X</i>".  These properties are set
+ *   in the Java security properties file, which is located in the file named
+ *   &lt;JAVA_HOME&gt;/conf/security/java.security.
+ *   Each property value specifies a <code>URL</code> pointing to a
+ *   policy file to be loaded.  Read in and load each policy.
+ *
+ *   <i>auth.policy.url</i> is supported only for backward compatibility.
+ *
+ *   If none of these could be loaded, use a builtin static policy
+ *   equivalent to the conf/security/java.policy file.
+ *
+ * <li>
+ *   The <code>java.lang.System</code> property <i>java.security.policy</i>
+ *   may also be set to a <code>URL</code> pointing to another policy file
+ *   (which is the case when a user uses the -D switch at runtime).
+ *   If this property is defined, and its use is allowed by the
+ *   security property file (the Security property,
+ *   <i>policy.allowSystemProperty</i> is set to <i>true</i>),
+ *   also load that policy.
+ *
+ * <li>
+ *   The <code>java.lang.System</code> property
+ *   <i>java.security.auth.policy</i> may also be set to a
+ *   <code>URL</code> pointing to another policy file
+ *   (which is the case when a user uses the -D switch at runtime).
+ *   If this property is defined, and its use is allowed by the
+ *   security property file (the Security property,
+ *   <i>policy.allowSystemProperty</i> is set to <i>true</i>),
+ *   also load that policy.
+ *
+ *   <i>java.security.auth.policy</i> is supported only for backward
+ *   compatibility.
+ *
+ *   If the <i>java.security.policy</i> or
+ *   <i>java.security.auth.policy</i> property is defined using
+ *   "==" (rather than "="), then load the specified policy file and ignore
+ *   all other configured policies. Note, that the default.policy file is
+ *   also loaded, as specified in the first step of the algorithm above.
+ *   If the specified policy file cannot be loaded, use a builtin static policy
+ *   equivalent to the default conf/security/java.policy file.
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * Each policy file consists of one or more grant entries, each of
+ * which consists of a number of permission entries.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   grant signedBy "<b>alias</b>", codeBase "<b>URL</b>",
+ *         principal <b>principalClass</b> "<b>principalName</b>",
+ *         principal <b>principalClass</b> "<b>principalName</b>",
+ *         ... {
+ *
+ *     permission <b>Type</b> "<b>name</b> "<b>action</b>",
+ *         signedBy "<b>alias</b>";
+ *     permission <b>Type</b> "<b>name</b> "<b>action</b>",
+ *         signedBy "<b>alias</b>";
+ *     ....
+ *   };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * All non-bold items above must appear as is (although case
+ * doesn't matter and some are optional, as noted below).
+ * principal entries are optional and need not be present.
+ * Italicized items represent variable values.
+ *
+ * <p> A grant entry must begin with the word <code>grant</code>.
+ * The <code>signedBy</code>,<code>codeBase</code> and <code>principal</code>
+ * name/value pairs are optional.
+ * If they are not present, then any signer (including unsigned code)
+ * will match, and any codeBase will match.
+ * Note that the <i>principalClass</i>
+ * may be set to the wildcard value, *, which allows it to match
+ * any <code>Principal</code> class.  In addition, the <i>principalName</i>
+ * may also be set to the wildcard value, *, allowing it to match
+ * any <code>Principal</code> name.  When setting the <i>principalName</i>
+ * to the *, do not surround the * with quotes.
+ *
+ * <p> A permission entry must begin with the word <code>permission</code>.
+ * The word <code><i>Type</i></code> in the template above is
+ * a specific permission type, such as <code>java.io.FilePermission</code>
+ * or <code>java.lang.RuntimePermission</code>.
+ *
+ * <p> The "<i>action</i>" is required for
+ * many permission types, such as <code>java.io.FilePermission</code>
+ * (where it specifies what type of file access that is permitted).
+ * It is not required for categories such as
+ * <code>java.lang.RuntimePermission</code>
+ * where it is not necessary - you either have the
+ * permission specified by the <code>"<i>name</i>"</code>
+ * value following the type name or you don't.
+ *
+ * <p> The <code>signedBy</code> name/value pair for a permission entry
+ * is optional. If present, it indicates a signed permission. That is,
+ * the permission class itself must be signed by the given alias in
+ * order for it to be granted. For example,
+ * suppose you have the following grant entry:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   grant principal foo.com.Principal "Duke" {
+ *     permission Foo "foobar", signedBy "FooSoft";
+ *   }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p> Then this permission of type <i>Foo</i> is granted if the
+ * <code>Foo.class</code> permission has been signed by the
+ * "FooSoft" alias, or if XXX <code>Foo.class</code> is a
+ * system class (i.e., is found on the CLASSPATH).
+ *
+ * <p> Items that appear in an entry must appear in the specified order
+ * (<code>permission</code>, <i>Type</i>, "<i>name</i>", and
+ * "<i>action</i>"). An entry is terminated with a semicolon.
+ *
+ * <p> Case is unimportant for the identifiers (<code>permission</code>,
+ * <code>signedBy</code>, <code>codeBase</code>, etc.) but is
+ * significant for the <i>Type</i>
+ * or for any string that is passed in as a value.
+ *
+ * <p> An example of two entries in a policy configuration file is
+ * <pre>
+ *   // if the code is comes from "foo.com" and is running as "Duke",
+ *   // grant it read/write to all files in /tmp.
+ *
+ *   grant codeBase "foo.com", principal foo.com.Principal "Duke" {
+ *              permission java.io.FilePermission "/tmp/*", "read,write";
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   // grant any code running as "Duke" permission to read
+ *   // the "java.vendor" Property.
+ *
+ *   grant principal foo.com.Principal "Duke" {
+ *         permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor";
+ *
+ *
+ * </pre>
+ *  This Policy implementation supports special handling of any
+ *  permission that contains the string, "<b>${{self}}</b>", as part of
+ *  its target name.  When such a permission is evaluated
+ *  (such as during a security check), <b>${{self}}</b> is replaced
+ *  with one or more Principal class/name pairs.  The exact
+ *  replacement performed depends upon the contents of the
+ *  grant clause to which the permission belongs.
+ * <p>
+ *
+ *  If the grant clause does not contain any principal information,
+ *  the permission will be ignored (permissions containing
+ *  <b>${{self}}</b> in their target names are only valid in the context
+ *  of a principal-based grant clause).  For example, BarPermission
+ *  will always be ignored in the following grant clause:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *    grant codebase "www.foo.com", signedby "duke" {
+ *      permission BarPermission "... ${{self}} ...";
+ *    };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *  If the grant clause contains principal information, <b>${{self}}</b>
+ *  will be replaced with that same principal information.
+ *  For example, <b>${{self}}</b> in BarPermission will be replaced by
+ *  <b>javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal "cn=Duke"</b>
+ *  in the following grant clause:
+ *
+ *  <pre>
+ *    grant principal javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal "cn=Duke" {
+ *      permission BarPermission "... ${{self}} ...";
+ *    };
+ *  </pre>
+ *
+ *  If there is a comma-separated list of principals in the grant
+ *  clause, then <b>${{self}}</b> will be replaced by the same
+ *  comma-separated list or principals.
+ *  In the case where both the principal class and name are
+ *  wildcarded in the grant clause, <b>${{self}}</b> is replaced
+ *  with all the principals associated with the <code>Subject</code>
+ *  in the current <code>AccessControlContext</code>.
+ *
+ * <p> For PrivateCredentialPermissions, you can also use "<b>self</b>"
+ * instead of "<b>${{self}}</b>". However the use of "<b>self</b>" is
+ * deprecated in favour of "<b>${{self}}</b>".
+ *
+ * @see java.security.CodeSource
+ * @see java.security.Permissions
+ * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
+ */
+public class PolicyFile extends java.security.Policy {
+
+    private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("policy");
+
+    private static final String SELF = "${{self}}";
+    private static final String X500PRINCIPAL =
+                        "javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal";
+    private static final String POLICY = "java.security.policy";
+    private static final String POLICY_URL = "policy.url.";
+    private static final String AUTH_POLICY = "java.security.auth.policy";
+    private static final String AUTH_POLICY_URL = "auth.policy.url.";
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE = 1;
+
+    // contains the policy grant entries, PD cache, and alias mapping
+    private AtomicReference<PolicyInfo> policyInfo = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+    private boolean expandProperties = true;
+    private boolean allowSystemProperties = true;
+    private boolean notUtf8 = false;
+    private URL url;
+
+    // for use with the reflection API
+    private static final Class<?>[] PARAMS0 = { };
+    private static final Class<?>[] PARAMS1 = { String.class };
+    private static final Class<?>[] PARAMS2 = { String.class, String.class };
+
+    /**
+     * When a policy file has a syntax error, the exception code may generate
+     * another permission check and this can cause the policy file to be parsed
+     * repeatedly, leading to a StackOverflowError or ClassCircularityError.
+     * To avoid this, this set is populated with policy files that have been
+     * previously parsed and have syntax errors, so that they can be
+     * subsequently ignored.
+     */
+    private static AtomicReference<Set<URL>> badPolicyURLs =
+        new AtomicReference<>(new HashSet<>());
+
+    // The default.policy file
+    private static final URL DEFAULT_POLICY_URL =
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public URL run() {
+                String sep = File.separator;
+                try {
+                    return Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.home"),
+                                     "lib", "security",
+                                     "default.policy").toUri().toURL();
+                } catch (MalformedURLException mue) {
+                    // should not happen
+                    throw new Error("Malformed default.policy URL: " + mue);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the Policy object and reads the default policy
+     * configuration file(s) into the Policy object.
+     */
+    public PolicyFile() {
+        init((URL)null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the Policy object and reads the default policy
+     * from the specified URL only.
+     */
+    public PolicyFile(URL url) {
+        this.url = url;
+        init(url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the Policy object and reads the default policy
+     * configuration file(s) into the Policy object.
+     *
+     * See the class description for details on the algorithm used to
+     * initialize the Policy object.
+     */
+    private void init(URL url) {
+        // Properties are set once for each init(); ignore changes between
+        // between diff invocations of initPolicyFile(policy, url, info).
+        String numCacheStr =
+          AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public String run() {
+                expandProperties = "true".equalsIgnoreCase
+                    (Security.getProperty("policy.expandProperties"));
+                allowSystemProperties = "true".equalsIgnoreCase
+                    (Security.getProperty("policy.allowSystemProperty"));
+                notUtf8 = "false".equalsIgnoreCase
+                    (System.getProperty("sun.security.policy.utf8"));
+                return System.getProperty("sun.security.policy.numcaches");
+            }});
+
+        int numCaches;
+        if (numCacheStr != null) {
+            try {
+                numCaches = Integer.parseInt(numCacheStr);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                numCaches = DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE;
+            }
+        } else {
+            numCaches = DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE;
+        }
+        // System.out.println("number caches=" + numCaches);
+        PolicyInfo newInfo = new PolicyInfo(numCaches);
+        initPolicyFile(newInfo, url);
+        policyInfo.set(newInfo);
+    }
+
+    private void initPolicyFile(final PolicyInfo newInfo, final URL url) {
+
+        // always load default.policy
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("reading " + DEFAULT_POLICY_URL);
+        }
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Void run() {
+                init(DEFAULT_POLICY_URL, newInfo, true);
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (url != null) {
+
+            /**
+             * If the caller specified a URL via Policy.getInstance,
+             * we only read from default.policy and that URL.
+             */
+
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("reading " + url);
+            }
+            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+                @Override
+                public Void run() {
+                    if (init(url, newInfo, false) == false) {
+                        // use static policy if all else fails
+                        initStaticPolicy(newInfo);
+                    }
+                    return null;
+                }
+            });
+
+        } else {
+
+            /**
+             * Caller did not specify URL via Policy.getInstance.
+             * Read from URLs listed in the java.security properties file.
+             *
+             * We call initPolicyFile with POLICY, POLICY_URL and then
+             * call it with AUTH_POLICY and AUTH_POLICY_URL.
+             * So first we will process the JAVA standard policy
+             * and then process the JAVA AUTH Policy.
+             * This is for backward compatibility as well as to handle
+             * cases where the user has a single unified policyfile
+             * with both java policy entries and auth entries
+             */
+
+            boolean loaded_one = initPolicyFile(POLICY, POLICY_URL, newInfo);
+            // To maintain strict backward compatibility
+            // we load the static policy only if POLICY load failed
+            if (!loaded_one) {
+                // use static policy if all else fails
+                initStaticPolicy(newInfo);
+            }
+
+            initPolicyFile(AUTH_POLICY, AUTH_POLICY_URL, newInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean initPolicyFile(final String propname, final String urlname,
+                                   final PolicyInfo newInfo) {
+        boolean loadedPolicy =
+            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Boolean run() {
+                boolean loaded_policy = false;
+
+                if (allowSystemProperties) {
+                    String extra_policy = System.getProperty(propname);
+                    if (extra_policy != null) {
+                        boolean overrideAll = false;
+                        if (extra_policy.startsWith("=")) {
+                            overrideAll = true;
+                            extra_policy = extra_policy.substring(1);
+                        }
+                        try {
+                            extra_policy =
+                                PropertyExpander.expand(extra_policy);
+                            URL policyURL;
+
+                            File policyFile = new File(extra_policy);
+                            if (policyFile.exists()) {
+                                policyURL = ParseUtil.fileToEncodedURL
+                                    (new File(policyFile.getCanonicalPath()));
+                            } else {
+                                policyURL = new URL(extra_policy);
+                            }
+                            if (debug != null) {
+                                debug.println("reading "+policyURL);
+                            }
+                            if (init(policyURL, newInfo, false)) {
+                                loaded_policy = true;
+                            }
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            // ignore.
+                            if (debug != null) {
+                                debug.println("caught exception: "+e);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (overrideAll) {
+                            if (debug != null) {
+                                debug.println("overriding other policies!");
+                            }
+                            return Boolean.valueOf(loaded_policy);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                int n = 1;
+                String policy_uri;
+
+                while ((policy_uri = Security.getProperty(urlname+n)) != null) {
+                    try {
+                        URL policy_url = null;
+                        String expanded_uri = PropertyExpander.expand
+                                (policy_uri).replace(File.separatorChar, '/');
+
+                        if (policy_uri.startsWith("file:${java.home}/") ||
+                            policy_uri.startsWith("file:${user.home}/")) {
+
+                            // this special case accommodates
+                            // the situation java.home/user.home
+                            // expand to a single slash, resulting in
+                            // a file://foo URI
+                            policy_url = new File
+                                (expanded_uri.substring(5)).toURI().toURL();
+                        } else {
+                            policy_url = new URI(expanded_uri).toURL();
+                        }
+
+                        if (debug != null) {
+                            debug.println("reading " + policy_url);
+                        }
+                        if (init(policy_url, newInfo, false)) {
+                            loaded_policy = true;
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        if (debug != null) {
+                            debug.println("error reading policy "+e);
+                            e.printStackTrace();
+                        }
+                        // ignore that policy
+                    }
+                    n++;
+                }
+                return Boolean.valueOf(loaded_policy);
+            }
+        });
+
+        return loadedPolicy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a policy configuration into the Policy object using a
+     * Reader object.
+     */
+    private boolean init(URL policy, PolicyInfo newInfo, boolean defPolicy) {
+
+        // skip parsing policy file if it has been previously parsed and
+        // has syntax errors
+        if (badPolicyURLs.get().contains(policy)) {
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("skipping bad policy file: " + policy);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try (InputStreamReader isr =
+                 getInputStreamReader(PolicyUtil.getInputStream(policy))) {
+
+            PolicyParser pp = new PolicyParser(expandProperties);
+            pp.read(isr);
+
+            KeyStore keyStore = null;
+            try {
+                keyStore = PolicyUtil.getKeyStore
+                                (policy,
+                                pp.getKeyStoreUrl(),
+                                pp.getKeyStoreType(),
+                                pp.getKeyStoreProvider(),
+                                pp.getStorePassURL(),
+                                debug);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore, treat it like we have no keystore
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+
+            Enumeration<PolicyParser.GrantEntry> enum_ = pp.grantElements();
+            while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
+                PolicyParser.GrantEntry ge = enum_.nextElement();
+                addGrantEntry(ge, keyStore, newInfo);
+            }
+            return true;
+        } catch (PolicyParser.ParsingException pe) {
+            if (defPolicy) {
+                throw new InternalError("Failed to load default.policy", pe);
+            }
+            // record bad policy file to avoid later reparsing it
+            badPolicyURLs.updateAndGet(k -> {
+                k.add(policy);
+                return k;
+            });
+            Object[] source = {policy, pe.getLocalizedMessage()};
+            System.err.println(LocalizedMessage.getMessage
+                (POLICY + ".error.parsing.policy.message", source));
+            if (debug != null) {
+                pe.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (defPolicy) {
+                throw new InternalError("Failed to load default.policy", e);
+            }
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("error parsing "+policy);
+                debug.println(e.toString());
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private InputStreamReader getInputStreamReader(InputStream is)
+                              throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * Read in policy using UTF-8 by default.
+         *
+         * Check non-standard system property to see if the default encoding
+         * should be used instead.
+         */
+        return (notUtf8)
+            ? new InputStreamReader(is)
+            : new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
+    }
+
+    private void initStaticPolicy(final PolicyInfo newInfo) {
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("Initializing with static permissions");
+        }
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Void run() {
+                PolicyEntry pe = new PolicyEntry(new CodeSource(null,
+                    (Certificate[]) null));
+                pe.add(SecurityConstants.LOCAL_LISTEN_PERMISSION);
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.version",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.vendor",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.vendor.url",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.class.version",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("os.name",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("os.version",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("os.arch",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("file.separator",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("path.separator",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("line.separator",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.specification.version",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.specification.vendor",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.specification.name",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.vm.specification.version",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.vm.specification.vendor",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission
+                                ("java.vm.specification.name",
+                                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.vm.version",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.vm.vendor",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+                pe.add(new PropertyPermission("java.vm.name",
+                    SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_READ_ACTION));
+
+                // No need to sync because noone has access to newInfo yet
+                newInfo.policyEntries.add(pe);
+
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a GrantEntry, create a codeSource.
+     *
+     * @return null if signedBy alias is not recognized
+     */
+    private CodeSource getCodeSource(PolicyParser.GrantEntry ge, KeyStore keyStore,
+        PolicyInfo newInfo) throws java.net.MalformedURLException
+    {
+        Certificate[] certs = null;
+        if (ge.signedBy != null) {
+            certs = getCertificates(keyStore, ge.signedBy, newInfo);
+            if (certs == null) {
+                // we don't have a key for this alias,
+                // just return
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    debug.println("  -- No certs for alias '" +
+                                       ge.signedBy + "' - ignoring entry");
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        URL location;
+
+        if (ge.codeBase != null)
+            location = new URL(ge.codeBase);
+        else
+            location = null;
+
+        return (canonicalizeCodebase(new CodeSource(location, certs),false));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add one policy entry to the list.
+     */
+    private void addGrantEntry(PolicyParser.GrantEntry ge,
+                               KeyStore keyStore, PolicyInfo newInfo) {
+
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("Adding policy entry: ");
+            debug.println("  signedBy " + ge.signedBy);
+            debug.println("  codeBase " + ge.codeBase);
+            if (ge.principals != null) {
+                for (PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry pppe : ge.principals) {
+                    debug.println("  " + pppe.toString());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            CodeSource codesource = getCodeSource(ge, keyStore, newInfo);
+            // skip if signedBy alias was unknown...
+            if (codesource == null) return;
+
+            // perform keystore alias principal replacement.
+            // for example, if alias resolves to X509 certificate,
+            // replace principal with:  <X500Principal class>  <SubjectDN>
+            // -- skip if alias is unknown
+            if (replacePrincipals(ge.principals, keyStore) == false)
+                return;
+            PolicyEntry entry = new PolicyEntry(codesource, ge.principals);
+            Enumeration<PolicyParser.PermissionEntry> enum_ =
+                                                ge.permissionElements();
+            while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
+                PolicyParser.PermissionEntry pe = enum_.nextElement();
+
+                try {
+                    // perform ${{ ... }} expansions within permission name
+                    expandPermissionName(pe, keyStore);
+
+                    // XXX special case PrivateCredentialPermission-SELF
+                    Permission perm;
+                    if (pe.permission.equals
+                        ("javax.security.auth.PrivateCredentialPermission") &&
+                        pe.name.endsWith(" self")) {
+                        pe.name = pe.name.substring(0, pe.name.indexOf("self"))
+                                + SELF;
+                    }
+                    // check for self
+                    if (pe.name != null && pe.name.indexOf(SELF) != -1) {
+                        // Create a "SelfPermission" , it could be an
+                        // an unresolved permission which will be resolved
+                        // when implies is called
+                        // Add it to entry
+                        Certificate[] certs;
+                        if (pe.signedBy != null) {
+                            certs = getCertificates(keyStore,
+                                                    pe.signedBy,
+                                                    newInfo);
+                        } else {
+                            certs = null;
+                        }
+                        perm = new SelfPermission(pe.permission,
+                                                  pe.name,
+                                                  pe.action,
+                                                  certs);
+                    } else {
+                        perm = getInstance(pe.permission,
+                                           pe.name,
+                                           pe.action);
+                    }
+                    entry.add(perm);
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("  "+perm);
+                    }
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                    Certificate[] certs;
+                    if (pe.signedBy != null) {
+                        certs = getCertificates(keyStore,
+                                                pe.signedBy,
+                                                newInfo);
+                    } else {
+                        certs = null;
+                    }
+
+                    // only add if we had no signer or we had a
+                    // a signer and found the keys for it.
+                    if (certs != null || pe.signedBy == null) {
+                        Permission perm = new UnresolvedPermission(
+                                                  pe.permission,
+                                                  pe.name,
+                                                  pe.action,
+                                                  certs);
+                        entry.add(perm);
+                        if (debug != null) {
+                            debug.println("  "+perm);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                    Object[] source = {pe.permission,
+                                       ite.getTargetException().toString()};
+                    System.err.println(
+                        LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                            POLICY + ".error.adding.Permission.perm.message",
+                            source));
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    Object[] source = {pe.permission,
+                                       e.toString()};
+                    System.err.println(
+                        LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                            POLICY + ".error.adding.Permission.perm.message",
+                            source));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // No need to sync because noone has access to newInfo yet
+            newInfo.policyEntries.add(entry);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Object[] source = {e.toString()};
+            System.err.println(
+                LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                    POLICY + ".error.adding.Entry.message",
+                    source));
+        }
+        if (debug != null)
+            debug.println();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new Permission object of the given Type. The Permission is
+     * created by getting the
+     * Class object using the <code>Class.forName</code> method, and using
+     * the reflection API to invoke the (String name, String actions)
+     * constructor on the
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param type the type of Permission being created.
+     * @param name the name of the Permission being created.
+     * @param actions the actions of the Permission being created.
+     *
+     * @exception  ClassNotFoundException  if the particular Permission
+     *             class could not be found.
+     *
+     * @exception  IllegalAccessException  if the class or initializer is
+     *               not accessible.
+     *
+     * @exception  InstantiationException  if getInstance tries to
+     *               instantiate an abstract class or an interface, or if the
+     *               instantiation fails for some other reason.
+     *
+     * @exception  NoSuchMethodException if the (String, String) constructor
+     *               is not found.
+     *
+     * @exception  InvocationTargetException if the underlying Permission
+     *               constructor throws an exception.
+     *
+     */
+
+    private static final Permission getInstance(String type,
+                                    String name,
+                                    String actions)
+        throws ClassNotFoundException,
+               InstantiationException,
+               IllegalAccessException,
+               NoSuchMethodException,
+               InvocationTargetException
+    {
+        Class<?> pc = Class.forName(type, false, null);
+        Permission answer = getKnownPermission(pc, name, actions);
+        if (answer != null) {
+            return answer;
+        }
+        if (!Permission.class.isAssignableFrom(pc)) {
+            // not the right subtype
+            throw new ClassCastException(type + " is not a Permission");
+        }
+
+        if (name == null && actions == null) {
+            try {
+                Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS0);
+                return (Permission) c.newInstance(new Object[] {});
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException ne) {
+                try {
+                    Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS1);
+                    return (Permission) c.newInstance(
+                              new Object[] { name});
+                } catch (NoSuchMethodException ne1 ) {
+                    Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS2);
+                    return (Permission) c.newInstance(
+                        new Object[] { name, actions });
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (name != null && actions == null) {
+                try {
+                    Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS1);
+                    return (Permission) c.newInstance(new Object[] { name});
+                } catch (NoSuchMethodException ne) {
+                    Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS2);
+                    return (Permission) c.newInstance(
+                          new Object[] { name, actions });
+                }
+            } else {
+                Constructor<?> c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS2);
+                return (Permission) c.newInstance(
+                      new Object[] { name, actions });
+             }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates one of the well-known permissions in the java.base module
+     * directly instead of via reflection. Keep list short to not penalize
+     * permissions from other modules.
+     */
+    private static Permission getKnownPermission(Class<?> claz, String name,
+                                                 String actions) {
+        if (claz.equals(FilePermission.class)) {
+            return new FilePermission(name, actions);
+        } else if (claz.equals(SocketPermission.class)) {
+            return new SocketPermission(name, actions);
+        } else if (claz.equals(RuntimePermission.class)) {
+            return new RuntimePermission(name, actions);
+        } else if (claz.equals(PropertyPermission.class)) {
+            return new PropertyPermission(name, actions);
+        } else if (claz.equals(NetPermission.class)) {
+            return new NetPermission(name, actions);
+        } else if (claz.equals(AllPermission.class)) {
+            return SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION;
+        } else if (claz.equals(SecurityPermission.class)) {
+            return new SecurityPermission(name, actions);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates one of the well-known principals in the java.base module
+     * directly instead of via reflection. Keep list short to not penalize
+     * principals from other modules.
+     */
+    private static Principal getKnownPrincipal(Class<?> claz, String name) {
+        if (claz.equals(X500Principal.class)) {
+            return new X500Principal(name);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetch all certs associated with this alias.
+     */
+    private Certificate[] getCertificates
+                (KeyStore keyStore, String aliases, PolicyInfo newInfo) {
+
+        List<Certificate> vcerts = null;
+
+        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(aliases, ",");
+        int n = 0;
+
+        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
+            String alias = st.nextToken().trim();
+            n++;
+            Certificate cert = null;
+            // See if this alias's cert has already been cached
+            synchronized (newInfo.aliasMapping) {
+                cert = (Certificate)newInfo.aliasMapping.get(alias);
+
+                if (cert == null && keyStore != null) {
+
+                    try {
+                        cert = keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
+                    } catch (KeyStoreException kse) {
+                        // never happens, because keystore has already been loaded
+                        // when we call this
+                    }
+                    if (cert != null) {
+                        newInfo.aliasMapping.put(alias, cert);
+                        newInfo.aliasMapping.put(cert, alias);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (cert != null) {
+                if (vcerts == null)
+                    vcerts = new ArrayList<>();
+                vcerts.add(cert);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // make sure n == vcerts.size, since we are doing a logical *and*
+        if (vcerts != null && n == vcerts.size()) {
+            Certificate[] certs = new Certificate[vcerts.size()];
+            vcerts.toArray(certs);
+            return certs;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Refreshes the policy object by re-reading all the policy files.
+     */
+    @Override public void refresh() {
+        init(url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the global policy for the permissions granted to
+     * the ProtectionDomain and tests whether the permission is
+     * granted.
+     *
+     * @param pd the ProtectionDomain to test
+     * @param p the Permission object to be tested for implication.
+     *
+     * @return true if "permission" is a proper subset of a permission
+     * granted to this ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain pd, Permission p) {
+        PolicyInfo pi = policyInfo.get();
+        ProtectionDomainCache pdMap = pi.getPdMapping();
+
+        PermissionCollection pc = pdMap.get(pd);
+
+        if (pc != null) {
+            return pc.implies(p);
+        }
+
+        pc = getPermissions(pd);
+        if (pc == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // cache mapping of protection domain to its PermissionCollection
+        pdMap.put(pd, pc);
+        return pc.implies(p);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examines this <code>Policy</code> and returns the permissions granted
+     * to the specified <code>ProtectionDomain</code>.  This includes
+     * the permissions currently associated with the domain as well
+     * as the policy permissions granted to the domain's
+     * CodeSource, ClassLoader, and Principals.
+     *
+     * <p> Note that this <code>Policy</code> implementation has
+     * special handling for PrivateCredentialPermissions.
+     * When this method encounters a <code>PrivateCredentialPermission</code>
+     * which specifies "self" as the <code>Principal</code> class and name,
+     * it does not add that <code>Permission</code> to the returned
+     * <code>PermissionCollection</code>.  Instead, it builds
+     * a new <code>PrivateCredentialPermission</code>
+     * for each <code>Principal</code> associated with the provided
+     * <code>Subject</code>.  Each new <code>PrivateCredentialPermission</code>
+     * contains the same Credential class as specified in the
+     * originally granted permission, as well as the Class and name
+     * for the respective <code>Principal</code>.
+     *
+     * @param domain the Permissions granted to this
+     *          <code>ProtectionDomain</code> are returned.
+     *
+     * @return the Permissions granted to the provided
+     *          <code>ProtectionDomain</code>.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+        Permissions perms = new Permissions();
+
+        if (domain == null)
+           return perms;
+
+        // first get policy perms
+        getPermissions(perms, domain);
+
+        // add static perms
+        //      - adding static perms after policy perms is necessary
+        //        to avoid a regression for 4301064
+        PermissionCollection pc = domain.getPermissions();
+        if (pc != null) {
+            synchronized (pc) {
+                Enumeration<Permission> e = pc.elements();
+                while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+                    perms.add(FilePermCompat.newPermPlusAltPath(e.nextElement()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return perms;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examines this Policy and creates a PermissionCollection object with
+     * the set of permissions for the specified CodeSource.
+     *
+     * @param codesource the CodeSource associated with the caller.
+     * This encapsulates the original location of the code (where the code
+     * came from) and the public key(s) of its signer.
+     *
+     * @return the set of permissions according to the policy.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+        return getPermissions(new Permissions(), codesource);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examines the global policy and returns the provided Permissions
+     * object with additional permissions granted to the specified
+     * ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * @param perms the Permissions to populate
+     * @param pd the ProtectionDomain associated with the caller.
+     *
+     * @return the set of Permissions according to the policy.
+     */
+    private PermissionCollection getPermissions(Permissions perms,
+                                        ProtectionDomain pd ) {
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("getPermissions:\n\t" + printPD(pd));
+        }
+
+        final CodeSource cs = pd.getCodeSource();
+        if (cs == null)
+            return perms;
+
+        CodeSource canonCodeSource = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+            new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>(){
+                @Override
+                public CodeSource run() {
+                    return canonicalizeCodebase(cs, true);
+                }
+            });
+        return getPermissions(perms, canonCodeSource, pd.getPrincipals());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examines the global policy and returns the provided Permissions
+     * object with additional permissions granted to the specified
+     * CodeSource.
+     *
+     * @param perms the permissions to populate
+     * @param cs the codesource associated with the caller.
+     * This encapsulates the original location of the code (where the code
+     * came from) and the public key(s) of its signer.
+     *
+     * @return the set of permissions according to the policy.
+     */
+    private PermissionCollection getPermissions(Permissions perms,
+                                                final CodeSource cs) {
+
+        if (cs == null)
+            return perms;
+
+        CodeSource canonCodeSource = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+            new PrivilegedAction<>(){
+                @Override
+                public CodeSource run() {
+                    return canonicalizeCodebase(cs, true);
+                }
+            });
+
+        return getPermissions(perms, canonCodeSource, null);
+    }
+
+    private Permissions getPermissions(Permissions perms,
+                                       final CodeSource cs,
+                                       Principal[] principals) {
+        PolicyInfo pi = policyInfo.get();
+
+        for (PolicyEntry entry : pi.policyEntries) {
+            addPermissions(perms, cs, principals, entry);
+        }
+
+        return perms;
+    }
+
+    private void addPermissions(Permissions perms,
+        final CodeSource cs,
+        Principal[] principals,
+        final PolicyEntry entry) {
+
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("evaluate codesources:\n" +
+                "\tPolicy CodeSource: " + entry.getCodeSource() + "\n" +
+                "\tActive CodeSource: " + cs);
+        }
+
+        // check to see if the CodeSource implies
+        Boolean imp = AccessController.doPrivileged
+            (new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Boolean run() {
+                return entry.getCodeSource().implies(cs);
+            }
+        });
+        if (!imp.booleanValue()) {
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("evaluation (codesource) failed");
+            }
+
+            // CodeSource does not imply - return and try next policy entry
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // check to see if the Principals imply
+
+        List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> entryPs = entry.getPrincipals();
+        if (debug != null) {
+            List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> accPs = new ArrayList<>();
+            if (principals != null) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < principals.length; i++) {
+                    accPs.add(new PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry
+                                        (principals[i].getClass().getName(),
+                                        principals[i].getName()));
+                }
+            }
+            debug.println("evaluate principals:\n" +
+                "\tPolicy Principals: " + entryPs + "\n" +
+                "\tActive Principals: " + accPs);
+        }
+
+        if (entryPs == null || entryPs.isEmpty()) {
+
+            // policy entry has no principals -
+            // add perms regardless of principals in current ACC
+
+            addPerms(perms, principals, entry);
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("evaluation (codesource/principals) passed");
+            }
+            return;
+
+        } else if (principals == null || principals.length == 0) {
+
+            // current thread has no principals but this policy entry
+            // has principals - perms are not added
+
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("evaluation (principals) failed");
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // current thread has principals and this policy entry
+        // has principals.  see if policy entry principals match
+        // principals in current ACC
+
+        for (PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry pppe : entryPs) {
+
+            // Check for wildcards
+            if (pppe.isWildcardClass()) {
+                // a wildcard class matches all principals in current ACC
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (pppe.isWildcardName()) {
+                // a wildcard name matches any principal with the same class
+                if (wildcardPrincipalNameImplies(pppe.principalClass,
+                                                 principals)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    debug.println("evaluation (principal name wildcard) failed");
+                }
+                // policy entry principal not in current ACC -
+                // immediately return and go to next policy entry
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Set<Principal> pSet = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(principals));
+            Subject subject = new Subject(true, pSet,
+                                          Collections.EMPTY_SET,
+                                          Collections.EMPTY_SET);
+            try {
+                ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+                Class<?> pClass = Class.forName(pppe.principalClass, false, cl);
+                Principal p = getKnownPrincipal(pClass, pppe.principalName);
+                if (p == null) {
+                    if (!Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(pClass)) {
+                        // not the right subtype
+                        throw new ClassCastException(pppe.principalClass +
+                                                     " is not a Principal");
+                    }
+
+                    Constructor<?> c = pClass.getConstructor(PARAMS1);
+                    p = (Principal)c.newInstance(new Object[] {
+                                                 pppe.principalName });
+
+                }
+
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    debug.println("found Principal " + p.getClass().getName());
+                }
+
+                // check if the Principal implies the current
+                // thread's principals
+                if (!p.implies(subject)) {
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("evaluation (principal implies) failed");
+                    }
+
+                    // policy principal does not imply the current Subject -
+                    // immediately return and go to next policy entry
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // fall back to default principal comparison.
+                // see if policy entry principal is in current ACC
+
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+
+                if (!pppe.implies(subject)) {
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("evaluation (default principal implies) failed");
+                    }
+
+                    // policy entry principal not in current ACC -
+                    // immediately return and go to next policy entry
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // either the principal information matched,
+            // or the Principal.implies succeeded.
+            // continue loop and test the next policy principal
+        }
+
+        // all policy entry principals were found in the current ACC -
+        // grant the policy permissions
+
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("evaluation (codesource/principals) passed");
+        }
+        addPerms(perms, principals, entry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the array of principals contains at least one
+     * principal of the specified class.
+     */
+    private static boolean wildcardPrincipalNameImplies(String principalClass,
+                                                        Principal[] principals)
+    {
+        for (Principal p : principals) {
+            if (principalClass.equals(p.getClass().getName())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void addPerms(Permissions perms,
+                        Principal[] accPs,
+                        PolicyEntry entry) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < entry.permissions.size(); i++) {
+            Permission p = entry.permissions.get(i);
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("  granting " + p);
+            }
+
+            if (p instanceof SelfPermission) {
+                // handle "SELF" permissions
+                expandSelf((SelfPermission)p,
+                        entry.getPrincipals(),
+                        accPs,
+                        perms);
+            } else {
+                perms.add(FilePermCompat.newPermPlusAltPath(p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param sp the SelfPermission that needs to be expanded.
+     *
+     * @param entryPs list of principals for the Policy entry.
+     *
+     * @param pdp Principal array from the current ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * @param perms the PermissionCollection where the individual
+     *                  Permissions will be added after expansion.
+     */
+
+    private void expandSelf(SelfPermission sp,
+                            List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> entryPs,
+                            Principal[] pdp,
+                            Permissions perms) {
+
+        if (entryPs == null || entryPs.isEmpty()) {
+            // No principals in the grant to substitute
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("Ignoring permission "
+                                + sp.getSelfType()
+                                + " with target name ("
+                                + sp.getSelfName() + ").  "
+                                + "No Principal(s) specified "
+                                + "in the grant clause.  "
+                                + "SELF-based target names are "
+                                + "only valid in the context "
+                                + "of a Principal-based grant entry."
+                             );
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        int startIndex = 0;
+        int v;
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        while ((v = sp.getSelfName().indexOf(SELF, startIndex)) != -1) {
+
+            // add non-SELF string
+            sb.append(sp.getSelfName().substring(startIndex, v));
+
+            // expand SELF
+            Iterator<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> pli = entryPs.iterator();
+            while (pli.hasNext()) {
+                PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry pppe = pli.next();
+                String[][] principalInfo = getPrincipalInfo(pppe,pdp);
+                for (int i = 0; i < principalInfo.length; i++) {
+                    if (i != 0) {
+                        sb.append(", ");
+                    }
+                    sb.append(principalInfo[i][0] + " " +
+                        "\"" + principalInfo[i][1] + "\"");
+                }
+                if (pli.hasNext()) {
+                    sb.append(", ");
+                }
+            }
+            startIndex = v + SELF.length();
+        }
+        // add remaining string (might be the entire string)
+        sb.append(sp.getSelfName().substring(startIndex));
+
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("  expanded:\n\t" + sp.getSelfName()
+                        + "\n  into:\n\t" + sb.toString());
+        }
+        try {
+            // first try to instantiate the permission
+            perms.add(FilePermCompat.newPermPlusAltPath(getInstance(sp.getSelfType(),
+                                  sb.toString(),
+                                  sp.getSelfActions())));
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+            // ok, the permission is not in the bootclasspath.
+            // before we add an UnresolvedPermission, check to see
+            // whether this perm already belongs to the collection.
+            // if so, use that perm's ClassLoader to create a new
+            // one.
+            Class<?> pc = null;
+            synchronized (perms) {
+                Enumeration<Permission> e = perms.elements();
+                while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+                    Permission pElement = e.nextElement();
+                    if (pElement.getClass().getName().equals(sp.getSelfType())) {
+                        pc = pElement.getClass();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (pc == null) {
+                // create an UnresolvedPermission
+                perms.add(new UnresolvedPermission(sp.getSelfType(),
+                                                        sb.toString(),
+                                                        sp.getSelfActions(),
+                                                        sp.getCerts()));
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    // we found an instantiated permission.
+                    // use its class loader to instantiate a new permission.
+                    Constructor<?> c;
+                    // name parameter can not be null
+                    if (sp.getSelfActions() == null) {
+                        try {
+                            c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS1);
+                            perms.add((Permission)c.newInstance
+                                 (new Object[] {sb.toString()}));
+                        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ne) {
+                            c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS2);
+                            perms.add((Permission)c.newInstance
+                                 (new Object[] {sb.toString(),
+                                                sp.getSelfActions() }));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        c = pc.getConstructor(PARAMS2);
+                        perms.add((Permission)c.newInstance
+                           (new Object[] {sb.toString(),
+                                          sp.getSelfActions()}));
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception nme) {
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("self entry expansion " +
+                        " instantiation failed: "
+                        +  nme.toString());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println(e.toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * return the principal class/name pair in the 2D array.
+     * array[x][y]:     x corresponds to the array length.
+     *                  if (y == 0), it's the principal class.
+     *                  if (y == 1), it's the principal name.
+     */
+    private String[][] getPrincipalInfo
+        (PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry pe, Principal[] pdp) {
+
+        // there are 3 possibilities:
+        // 1) the entry's Principal class and name are not wildcarded
+        // 2) the entry's Principal name is wildcarded only
+        // 3) the entry's Principal class and name are wildcarded
+
+        if (!pe.isWildcardClass() && !pe.isWildcardName()) {
+
+            // build an info array for the principal
+            // from the Policy entry
+            String[][] info = new String[1][2];
+            info[0][0] = pe.principalClass;
+            info[0][1] = pe.principalName;
+            return info;
+
+        } else if (!pe.isWildcardClass() && pe.isWildcardName()) {
+
+            // build an info array for every principal
+            // in the current domain which has a principal class
+            // that is equal to policy entry principal class name
+            List<Principal> plist = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < pdp.length; i++) {
+                if (pe.principalClass.equals(pdp[i].getClass().getName()))
+                    plist.add(pdp[i]);
+            }
+            String[][] info = new String[plist.size()][2];
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Principal p : plist) {
+                info[i][0] = p.getClass().getName();
+                info[i][1] = p.getName();
+                i++;
+            }
+            return info;
+
+        } else {
+
+            // build an info array for every
+            // one of the current Domain's principals
+
+            String[][] info = new String[pdp.length][2];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < pdp.length; i++) {
+                info[i][0] = pdp[i].getClass().getName();
+                info[i][1] = pdp[i].getName();
+            }
+            return info;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the signer certificates from the list of certificates
+     * associated with the given code source.
+     *
+     * The signer certificates are those certificates that were used
+     * to verify signed code originating from the codesource location.
+     *
+     * This method assumes that in the given code source, each signer
+     * certificate is followed by its supporting certificate chain
+     * (which may be empty), and that the signer certificate and its
+     * supporting certificate chain are ordered bottom-to-top
+     * (i.e., with the signer certificate first and the (root) certificate
+     * authority last).
+     */
+    protected Certificate[] getSignerCertificates(CodeSource cs) {
+        Certificate[] certs = null;
+        if ((certs = cs.getCertificates()) == null)
+            return null;
+        for (int i=0; i<certs.length; i++) {
+            if (!(certs[i] instanceof X509Certificate))
+                return cs.getCertificates();
+        }
+
+        // Do we have to do anything?
+        int i = 0;
+        int count = 0;
+        while (i < certs.length) {
+            count++;
+            while (((i+1) < certs.length)
+                   && ((X509Certificate)certs[i]).getIssuerDN().equals(
+                           ((X509Certificate)certs[i+1]).getSubjectDN())) {
+                i++;
+            }
+            i++;
+        }
+        if (count == certs.length)
+            // Done
+            return certs;
+
+        List<Certificate> userCertList = new ArrayList<>();
+        i = 0;
+        while (i < certs.length) {
+            userCertList.add(certs[i]);
+            while (((i+1) < certs.length)
+                   && ((X509Certificate)certs[i]).getIssuerDN().equals(
+                           ((X509Certificate)certs[i+1]).getSubjectDN())) {
+                i++;
+            }
+            i++;
+        }
+        Certificate[] userCerts = new Certificate[userCertList.size()];
+        userCertList.toArray(userCerts);
+        return userCerts;
+    }
+
+    private CodeSource canonicalizeCodebase(CodeSource cs,
+                                            boolean extractSignerCerts) {
+
+        String path = null;
+
+        CodeSource canonCs = cs;
+        URL u = cs.getLocation();
+        if (u != null) {
+            if (u.getProtocol().equals("jar")) {
+                // unwrap url embedded inside jar url
+                String spec = u.getFile();
+                int separator = spec.indexOf("!/");
+                if (separator != -1) {
+                    try {
+                        u = new URL(spec.substring(0, separator));
+                    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                        // Fail silently. In this case, url stays what
+                        // it was above
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (u.getProtocol().equals("file")) {
+                boolean isLocalFile = false;
+                String host = u.getHost();
+                isLocalFile = (host == null || host.equals("") ||
+                    host.equals("~") || host.equalsIgnoreCase("localhost"));
+
+                if (isLocalFile) {
+                    path = u.getFile().replace('/', File.separatorChar);
+                    path = ParseUtil.decode(path);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (path != null) {
+            try {
+                URL csUrl = null;
+                path = canonPath(path);
+                csUrl = ParseUtil.fileToEncodedURL(new File(path));
+
+                if (extractSignerCerts) {
+                    canonCs = new CodeSource(csUrl,
+                                             getSignerCertificates(cs));
+                } else {
+                    canonCs = new CodeSource(csUrl,
+                                             cs.getCertificates());
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ioe) {
+                // leave codesource as it is, unless we have to extract its
+                // signer certificates
+                if (extractSignerCerts) {
+                    canonCs = new CodeSource(cs.getLocation(),
+                                             getSignerCertificates(cs));
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (extractSignerCerts) {
+                canonCs = new CodeSource(cs.getLocation(),
+                                         getSignerCertificates(cs));
+            }
+        }
+        return canonCs;
+    }
+
+    // Wrapper to return a canonical path that avoids calling getCanonicalPath()
+    // with paths that are intended to match all entries in the directory
+    private static String canonPath(String path) throws IOException {
+        if (path.endsWith("*")) {
+            path = path.substring(0, path.length()-1) + "-";
+            path = new File(path).getCanonicalPath();
+            return path.substring(0, path.length()-1) + "*";
+        } else {
+            return new File(path).getCanonicalPath();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String printPD(ProtectionDomain pd) {
+        Principal[] principals = pd.getPrincipals();
+        String pals = "<no principals>";
+        if (principals != null && principals.length > 0) {
+            StringBuilder palBuf = new StringBuilder("(principals ");
+            for (int i = 0; i < principals.length; i++) {
+                palBuf.append(principals[i].getClass().getName() +
+                              " \"" + principals[i].getName() +
+                              "\"");
+                if (i < principals.length-1)
+                    palBuf.append(", ");
+                else
+                    palBuf.append(")");
+            }
+            pals = palBuf.toString();
+        }
+        return "PD CodeSource: "
+                + pd.getCodeSource()
+                +"\n\t" + "PD ClassLoader: "
+                + pd.getClassLoader()
+                +"\n\t" + "PD Principals: "
+                + pals;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * return true if no replacement was performed,
+     * or if replacement succeeded.
+     */
+    private boolean replacePrincipals(
+        List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> principals, KeyStore keystore) {
+
+        if (principals == null || principals.isEmpty() || keystore == null)
+            return true;
+
+        for (PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry pppe : principals) {
+            if (pppe.isReplaceName()) {
+
+                // perform replacement
+                // (only X509 replacement is possible now)
+                String name;
+                if ((name = getDN(pppe.principalName, keystore)) == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (debug != null) {
+                    debug.println("  Replacing \"" +
+                        pppe.principalName +
+                        "\" with " +
+                        X500PRINCIPAL + "/\"" +
+                        name +
+                        "\"");
+                }
+
+                pppe.principalClass = X500PRINCIPAL;
+                pppe.principalName = name;
+            }
+        }
+        // return true if no replacement was performed,
+        // or if replacement succeeded
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void expandPermissionName(PolicyParser.PermissionEntry pe,
+                                        KeyStore keystore) throws Exception {
+        // short cut the common case
+        if (pe.name == null || pe.name.indexOf("${{", 0) == -1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int startIndex = 0;
+        int b, e;
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        while ((b = pe.name.indexOf("${{", startIndex)) != -1) {
+            e = pe.name.indexOf("}}", b);
+            if (e < 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            sb.append(pe.name.substring(startIndex, b));
+
+            // get the value in ${{...}}
+            String value = pe.name.substring(b+3, e);
+
+            // parse up to the first ':'
+            int colonIndex;
+            String prefix = value;
+            String suffix;
+            if ((colonIndex = value.indexOf(':')) != -1) {
+                prefix = value.substring(0, colonIndex);
+            }
+
+            // handle different prefix possibilities
+            if (prefix.equalsIgnoreCase("self")) {
+                // do nothing - handled later
+                sb.append(pe.name.substring(b, e+2));
+                startIndex = e+2;
+                continue;
+            } else if (prefix.equalsIgnoreCase("alias")) {
+                // get the suffix and perform keystore alias replacement
+                if (colonIndex == -1) {
+                    Object[] source = {pe.name};
+                    throw new Exception(
+                        LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                            "alias.name.not.provided.pe.name.",
+                            source));
+                }
+                suffix = value.substring(colonIndex+1);
+                if ((suffix = getDN(suffix, keystore)) == null) {
+                    Object[] source = {value.substring(colonIndex+1)};
+                    throw new Exception(
+                        LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                            "unable.to.perform.substitution.on.alias.suffix",
+                            source));
+                }
+
+                sb.append(X500PRINCIPAL + " \"" + suffix + "\"");
+                startIndex = e+2;
+            } else {
+                Object[] source = {prefix};
+                throw new Exception(
+                    LocalizedMessage.getMessage(
+                        "substitution.value.prefix.unsupported",
+                        source));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copy the rest of the value
+        sb.append(pe.name.substring(startIndex));
+
+        // replace the name with expanded value
+        if (debug != null) {
+            debug.println("  Permission name expanded from:\n\t" +
+                        pe.name + "\nto\n\t" + sb.toString());
+        }
+        pe.name = sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private String getDN(String alias, KeyStore keystore) {
+        Certificate cert = null;
+        try {
+            cert = keystore.getCertificate(alias);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("  Error retrieving certificate for '" +
+                                alias +
+                                "': " +
+                                e.toString());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (cert == null || !(cert instanceof X509Certificate)) {
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("  -- No certificate for '" +
+                                alias +
+                                "' - ignoring entry");
+            }
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            X509Certificate x509Cert = (X509Certificate)cert;
+
+            // 4702543:  X500 names with an EmailAddress
+            // were encoded incorrectly.  create new
+            // X500Principal name with correct encoding
+
+            X500Principal p = new X500Principal
+                (x509Cert.getSubjectX500Principal().toString());
+            return p.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Each entry in the policy configuration file is represented by a
+     * PolicyEntry object.  <p>
+     *
+     * A PolicyEntry is a (CodeSource,Permission) pair.  The
+     * CodeSource contains the (URL, PublicKey) that together identify
+     * where the Java bytecodes come from and who (if anyone) signed
+     * them.  The URL could refer to localhost.  The URL could also be
+     * null, meaning that this policy entry is given to all comers, as
+     * long as they match the signer field.  The signer could be null,
+     * meaning the code is not signed. <p>
+     *
+     * The Permission contains the (Type, Name, Action) triplet. <p>
+     *
+     * For now, the Policy object retrieves the public key from the
+     * X.509 certificate on disk that corresponds to the signedBy
+     * alias specified in the Policy config file.  For reasons of
+     * efficiency, the Policy object keeps a hashtable of certs already
+     * read in.  This could be replaced by a secure internal key
+     * store.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * For example, the entry
+     * <pre>
+     *          permission java.io.File "/tmp", "read,write",
+     *          signedBy "Duke";
+     * </pre>
+     * is represented internally
+     * <pre>
+     *
+     * FilePermission f = new FilePermission("/tmp", "read,write");
+     * PublicKey p = publickeys.get("Duke");
+     * URL u = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+     * CodeBase c = new CodeBase( p, u );
+     * pe = new PolicyEntry(f, c);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @author Marianne Mueller
+     * @author Roland Schemers
+     * @see java.security.CodeSource
+     * @see java.security.Policy
+     * @see java.security.Permissions
+     * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
+     */
+    private static class PolicyEntry {
+
+        private final CodeSource codesource;
+        final List<Permission> permissions;
+        private final List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> principals;
+
+        /**
+         * Given a Permission and a CodeSource, create a policy entry.
+         *
+         * XXX Decide if/how to add validity fields and "purpose" fields to
+         * XXX policy entries
+         *
+         * @param cs the CodeSource, which encapsulates the URL and the
+         *        public key
+         *        attributes from the policy config file. Validity checks
+         *        are performed on the public key before PolicyEntry is
+         *        called.
+         *
+         */
+        PolicyEntry(CodeSource cs, List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> principals)
+        {
+            this.codesource = cs;
+            this.permissions = new ArrayList<Permission>();
+            this.principals = principals; // can be null
+        }
+
+        PolicyEntry(CodeSource cs)
+        {
+            this(cs, null);
+        }
+
+        List<PolicyParser.PrincipalEntry> getPrincipals() {
+            return principals; // can be null
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * add a Permission object to this entry.
+         * No need to sync add op because perms are added to entry only
+         * while entry is being initialized
+         */
+        void add(Permission p) {
+            permissions.add(p);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Return the CodeSource for this policy entry
+         */
+        CodeSource getCodeSource() {
+            return codesource;
+        }
+
+        @Override public String toString(){
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("LPARAM"));
+            sb.append(getCodeSource());
+            sb.append("\n");
+            for (int j = 0; j < permissions.size(); j++) {
+                Permission p = permissions.get(j);
+                sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("SPACE"));
+                sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("SPACE"));
+                sb.append(p);
+                sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("NEWLINE"));
+            }
+            sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("RPARAM"));
+            sb.append(ResourcesMgr.getString("NEWLINE"));
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SelfPermission extends Permission {
+
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -8315562579967246806L;
+
+        /**
+         * The class name of the Permission class that will be
+         * created when this self permission is expanded .
+         *
+         * @serial
+         */
+        private String type;
+
+        /**
+         * The permission name.
+         *
+         * @serial
+         */
+        private String name;
+
+        /**
+         * The actions of the permission.
+         *
+         * @serial
+         */
+        private String actions;
+
+        /**
+         * The certs of the permission.
+         *
+         * @serial
+         */
+        private Certificate[] certs;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new SelfPermission containing the permission
+         * information needed later to expand the self
+         * @param type the class name of the Permission class that will be
+         * created when this permission is expanded and if necessary resolved.
+         * @param name the name of the permission.
+         * @param actions the actions of the permission.
+         * @param certs the certificates the permission's class was signed with.
+         * This is a list of certificate chains, where each chain is composed of
+         * a signer certificate and optionally its supporting certificate chain.
+         * Each chain is ordered bottom-to-top (i.e., with the signer
+         * certificate first and the (root) certificate authority last).
+         */
+        public SelfPermission(String type, String name, String actions,
+                              Certificate[] certs)
+        {
+            super(type);
+            if (type == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException
+                    (LocalizedMessage.getMessage("type.can.t.be.null"));
+            }
+            this.type = type;
+            this.name = name;
+            this.actions = actions;
+            if (certs != null) {
+                // Extract the signer certs from the list of certificates.
+                for (int i=0; i<certs.length; i++) {
+                    if (!(certs[i] instanceof X509Certificate)) {
+                        // there is no concept of signer certs, so we store the
+                        // entire cert array
+                        this.certs = certs.clone();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (this.certs == null) {
+                    // Go through the list of certs and see if all the certs are
+                    // signer certs.
+                    int i = 0;
+                    int count = 0;
+                    while (i < certs.length) {
+                        count++;
+                        while (((i+1) < certs.length) &&
+                            ((X509Certificate)certs[i]).getIssuerDN().equals(
+                            ((X509Certificate)certs[i+1]).getSubjectDN())) {
+                            i++;
+                        }
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                    if (count == certs.length) {
+                        // All the certs are signer certs, so we store the
+                        // entire array
+                        this.certs = certs.clone();
+                    }
+
+                    if (this.certs == null) {
+                        // extract the signer certs
+                        List<Certificate> signerCerts = new ArrayList<>();
+                        i = 0;
+                        while (i < certs.length) {
+                            signerCerts.add(certs[i]);
+                            while (((i+1) < certs.length) &&
+                                ((X509Certificate)certs[i]).getIssuerDN().equals(
+                                ((X509Certificate)certs[i+1]).getSubjectDN())) {
+                                i++;
+                            }
+                            i++;
+                        }
+                        this.certs = new Certificate[signerCerts.size()];
+                        signerCerts.toArray(this.certs);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This method always returns false for SelfPermission permissions.
+         * That is, an SelfPermission never considered to
+         * imply another permission.
+         *
+         * @param p the permission to check against.
+         *
+         * @return false.
+         */
+        @Override public boolean implies(Permission p) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks two SelfPermission objects for equality.
+         *
+         * Checks that <i>obj</i> is an SelfPermission, and has
+         * the same type (class) name, permission name, actions, and
+         * certificates as this object.
+         *
+         * @param obj the object we are testing for equality with this object.
+         *
+         * @return true if obj is an SelfPermission, and has the same
+         * type (class) name, permission name, actions, and
+         * certificates as this object.
+         */
+        @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (obj == this)
+                return true;
+
+            if (! (obj instanceof SelfPermission))
+                return false;
+            SelfPermission that = (SelfPermission) obj;
+
+            if (!(this.type.equals(that.type) &&
+                this.name.equals(that.name) &&
+                this.actions.equals(that.actions)))
+                return false;
+
+            if (this.certs.length != that.certs.length)
+                return false;
+
+            int i,j;
+            boolean match;
+
+            for (i = 0; i < this.certs.length; i++) {
+                match = false;
+                for (j = 0; j < that.certs.length; j++) {
+                    if (this.certs[i].equals(that.certs[j])) {
+                        match = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!match) return false;
+            }
+
+            for (i = 0; i < that.certs.length; i++) {
+                match = false;
+                for (j = 0; j < this.certs.length; j++) {
+                    if (that.certs[i].equals(this.certs[j])) {
+                        match = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!match) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the hash code value for this object.
+         *
+         * @return a hash code value for this object.
+         */
+        @Override public int hashCode() {
+            int hash = type.hashCode();
+            if (name != null)
+                hash ^= name.hashCode();
+            if (actions != null)
+                hash ^= actions.hashCode();
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the canonical string representation of the actions,
+         * which currently is the empty string "", since there are no actions
+         * for an SelfPermission. That is, the actions for the
+         * permission that will be created when this SelfPermission
+         * is resolved may be non-null, but an SelfPermission
+         * itself is never considered to have any actions.
+         *
+         * @return the empty string "".
+         */
+        @Override public String getActions() {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        public String getSelfType() {
+            return type;
+        }
+
+        public String getSelfName() {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        public String getSelfActions() {
+            return actions;
+        }
+
+        public Certificate[] getCerts() {
+            return certs;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a string describing this SelfPermission.  The convention
+         * is to specify the class name, the permission name, and the actions,
+         * in the following format: '(unresolved "ClassName" "name" "actions")'.
+         *
+         * @return information about this SelfPermission.
+         */
+        @Override public String toString() {
+            return "(SelfPermission " + type + " " + name + " " + actions + ")";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * holds policy information that we need to synch on
+     */
+    private static class PolicyInfo {
+        private static final boolean verbose = false;
+
+        // Stores grant entries in the policy
+        final List<PolicyEntry> policyEntries;
+
+        // Maps aliases to certs
+        final Map<Object, Object> aliasMapping;
+
+        // Maps ProtectionDomain to PermissionCollection
+        private final ProtectionDomainCache[] pdMapping;
+        private java.util.Random random;
+
+        PolicyInfo(int numCaches) {
+            policyEntries = new ArrayList<>();
+            aliasMapping = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>(11));
+
+            pdMapping = new ProtectionDomainCache[numCaches];
+            JavaSecurityProtectionDomainAccess jspda
+                = SharedSecrets.getJavaSecurityProtectionDomainAccess();
+            for (int i = 0; i < numCaches; i++) {
+                pdMapping[i] = jspda.getProtectionDomainCache();
+            }
+            if (numCaches > 1) {
+                random = new java.util.Random();
+            }
+        }
+        ProtectionDomainCache getPdMapping() {
+            if (pdMapping.length == 1) {
+                return pdMapping[0];
+            } else {
+                int i = java.lang.Math.abs(random.nextInt() % pdMapping.length);
+                return pdMapping[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}