src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/stream/IntStream.java
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 40806 46132d430504
child 47983 54ec4ac9d5a3
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/stream/IntStream.java	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package java.util.stream;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.OptionalDouble;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.PrimitiveIterator;
+import java.util.Spliterator;
+import java.util.Spliterators;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
+import java.util.function.IntConsumer;
+import java.util.function.IntFunction;
+import java.util.function.IntPredicate;
+import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
+import java.util.function.IntToDoubleFunction;
+import java.util.function.IntToLongFunction;
+import java.util.function.IntUnaryOperator;
+import java.util.function.ObjIntConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * A sequence of primitive int-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel
+ * aggregate operations.  This is the {@code int} primitive specialization of
+ * {@link Stream}.
+ *
+ * <p>The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
+ * {@link Stream} and {@link IntStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the
+ * red widgets:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *     int sum = widgets.stream()
+ *                      .filter(w -> w.getColor() == RED)
+ *                      .mapToInt(w -> w.getWeight())
+ *                      .sum();
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation
+ * for <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a> for additional
+ * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and
+ * parallelism.
+ *
+ * @since 1.8
+ * @see Stream
+ * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
+ */
+public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream that match
+     * the given predicate.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to each element to determine if it
+     *                  should be included
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    IntStream filter(IntPredicate predicate);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the results of applying the given
+     * function to the elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    IntStream map(IntUnaryOperator mapper);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an object-valued {@code Stream} consisting of the results of
+     * applying the given function to the elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">
+     *     intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param <U> the element type of the new stream
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    <U> Stream<U> mapToObj(IntFunction<? extends U> mapper);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code LongStream} consisting of the results of applying the
+     * given function to the elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    LongStream mapToLong(IntToLongFunction mapper);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the results of applying the
+     * given function to the elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    DoubleStream mapToDouble(IntToDoubleFunction mapper);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the results of replacing each element of
+     * this stream with the contents of a mapped stream produced by applying
+     * the provided mapping function to each element.  Each mapped stream is
+     * {@link java.util.stream.BaseStream#close() closed} after its contents
+     * have been placed into this stream.  (If a mapped stream is {@code null}
+     * an empty stream is used, instead.)
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces an
+     *               {@code IntStream} of new values
+     * @return the new stream
+     * @see Stream#flatMap(Function)
+     */
+    IntStream flatMap(IntFunction<? extends IntStream> mapper);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the distinct elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
+     * intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    IntStream distinct();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream in sorted
+     * order.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
+     * intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    IntStream sorted();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, additionally
+     * performing the provided action on each element as elements are consumed
+     * from the resulting stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * <p>For parallel stream pipelines, the action may be called at
+     * whatever time and in whatever thread the element is made available by the
+     * upstream operation.  If the action modifies shared state,
+     * it is responsible for providing the required synchronization.
+     *
+     * @apiNote This method exists mainly to support debugging, where you want
+     * to see the elements as they flow past a certain point in a pipeline:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     IntStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4)
+     *         .filter(e -> e > 2)
+     *         .peek(e -> System.out.println("Filtered value: " + e))
+     *         .map(e -> e * e)
+     *         .peek(e -> System.out.println("Mapped value: " + e))
+     *         .sum();
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>In cases where the stream implementation is able to optimize away the
+     * production of some or all the elements (such as with short-circuiting
+     * operations like {@code findFirst}, or in the example described in
+     * {@link #count}), the action will not be invoked for those elements.
+     *
+     * @param action a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
+     *               non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements as
+     *               they are consumed from the stream
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    IntStream peek(IntConsumer action);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, truncated
+     * to be no longer than {@code maxSize} in length.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * stateful intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * While {@code limit()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential
+     * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines,
+     * especially for large values of {@code maxSize}, since {@code limit(n)}
+     * is constrained to return not just any <em>n</em> elements, but the
+     * <em>first n</em> elements in the encounter order.  Using an unordered
+     * stream source (such as {@link #generate(IntSupplier)}) or removing the
+     * ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result in significant
+     * speedups of {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of
+     * your situation permit.  If consistency with encounter order is required,
+     * and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with
+     * {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution
+     * with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param maxSize the number of elements the stream should be limited to
+     * @return the new stream
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code maxSize} is negative
+     */
+    IntStream limit(long maxSize);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream
+     * after discarding the first {@code n} elements of the stream.
+     * If this stream contains fewer than {@code n} elements then an
+     * empty stream will be returned.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
+     * intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * While {@code skip()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential
+     * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines,
+     * especially for large values of {@code n}, since {@code skip(n)}
+     * is constrained to skip not just any <em>n</em> elements, but the
+     * <em>first n</em> elements in the encounter order.  Using an unordered
+     * stream source (such as {@link #generate(IntSupplier)}) or removing the
+     * ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result in significant
+     * speedups of {@code skip()} in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of
+     * your situation permit.  If consistency with encounter order is required,
+     * and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with
+     * {@code skip()} in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution
+     * with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param n the number of leading elements to skip
+     * @return the new stream
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code n} is negative
+     */
+    IntStream skip(long n);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the longest
+     * prefix of elements taken from this stream that match the given predicate.
+     * Otherwise returns, if this stream is unordered, a stream consisting of a
+     * subset of elements taken from this stream that match the given predicate.
+     *
+     * <p>If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous
+     * sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate.  The
+     * first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and
+     * the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does
+     * not match the given predicate.
+     *
+     * <p>If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this
+     * stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is
+     * nondeterministic; it is free to take any subset of matching elements
+     * (which includes the empty set).
+     *
+     * <p>Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all
+     * elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation
+     * takes all elements (the result is the same as the input), or if no
+     * elements of the stream match the given predicate then no elements are
+     * taken (the result is an empty stream).
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * stateful intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @implSpec
+     * The default implementation obtains the {@link #spliterator() spliterator}
+     * of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics
+     * of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with
+     * the wrapped spliterator.  The returned stream preserves the execution
+     * characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution
+     * as per {@link #isParallel()}) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to
+     * not support splitting.  When the returned stream is closed, the close
+     * handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * While {@code takeWhile()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential
+     * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel
+     * pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any
+     * valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order.
+     * Using an unordered stream source (such as {@link #generate(IntSupplier)})
+     * or removing the ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result
+     * in significant speedups of {@code takeWhile()} in parallel pipelines, if
+     * the semantics of your situation permit.  If consistency with encounter
+     * order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory
+     * utilization with {@code takeWhile()} in parallel pipelines, switching to
+     * sequential execution with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest
+     *                  prefix of elements.
+     * @return the new stream
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    default IntStream takeWhile(IntPredicate predicate) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(predicate);
+        // Reuses the unordered spliterator, which, when encounter is present,
+        // is safe to use as long as it configured not to split
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(
+                new WhileOps.UnorderedWhileSpliterator.OfInt.Taking(spliterator(), true, predicate),
+                isParallel()).onClose(this::close);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the remaining
+     * elements of this stream after dropping the longest prefix of elements
+     * that match the given predicate.  Otherwise returns, if this stream is
+     * unordered, a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream
+     * after dropping a subset of elements that match the given predicate.
+     *
+     * <p>If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous
+     * sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate.  The
+     * first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and
+     * the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does
+     * not match the given predicate.
+     *
+     * <p>If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this
+     * stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is
+     * nondeterministic; it is free to drop any subset of matching elements
+     * (which includes the empty set).
+     *
+     * <p>Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all
+     * elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation
+     * drops all elements (the result is an empty stream), or if no elements of
+     * the stream match the given predicate then no elements are dropped (the
+     * result is the same as the input).
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
+     * intermediate operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @implSpec
+     * The default implementation obtains the {@link #spliterator() spliterator}
+     * of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics
+     * of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with
+     * the wrapped spliterator.  The returned stream preserves the execution
+     * characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution
+     * as per {@link #isParallel()}) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to
+     * not support splitting.  When the returned stream is closed, the close
+     * handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * While {@code dropWhile()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential
+     * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel
+     * pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any
+     * valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order.
+     * Using an unordered stream source (such as {@link #generate(IntSupplier)})
+     * or removing the ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result
+     * in significant speedups of {@code dropWhile()} in parallel pipelines, if
+     * the semantics of your situation permit.  If consistency with encounter
+     * order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory
+     * utilization with {@code dropWhile()} in parallel pipelines, switching to
+     * sequential execution with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest
+     *                  prefix of elements.
+     * @return the new stream
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    default IntStream dropWhile(IntPredicate predicate) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(predicate);
+        // Reuses the unordered spliterator, which, when encounter is present,
+        // is safe to use as long as it configured not to split
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(
+                new WhileOps.UnorderedWhileSpliterator.OfInt.Dropping(spliterator(), true, predicate),
+                isParallel()).onClose(this::close);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs an action for each element of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * <p>For parallel stream pipelines, this operation does <em>not</em>
+     * guarantee to respect the encounter order of the stream, as doing so
+     * would sacrifice the benefit of parallelism.  For any given element, the
+     * action may be performed at whatever time and in whatever thread the
+     * library chooses.  If the action accesses shared state, it is
+     * responsible for providing the required synchronization.
+     *
+     * @param action a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
+     *               non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements
+     */
+    void forEach(IntConsumer action);
+
+    /**
+     * Performs an action for each element of this stream, guaranteeing that
+     * each element is processed in encounter order for streams that have a
+     * defined encounter order.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param action a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
+     *               non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements
+     * @see #forEach(IntConsumer)
+     */
+    void forEachOrdered(IntConsumer action);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array containing the elements of this stream.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an array containing the elements of this stream
+     */
+    int[] toArray();
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a> on the
+     * elements of this stream, using the provided identity value and an
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
+     * accumulation function, and returns the reduced value.  This is equivalent
+     * to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     int result = identity;
+     *     for (int element : this stream)
+     *         result = accumulator.applyAsInt(result, element)
+     *     return result;
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * but is not constrained to execute sequentially.
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code identity} value must be an identity for the accumulator
+     * function. This means that for all {@code x},
+     * {@code accumulator.apply(identity, x)} is equal to {@code x}.
+     * The {@code accumulator} function must be an
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a> function.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote Sum, min, max, and average are all special cases of reduction.
+     * Summing a stream of numbers can be expressed as:
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     int sum = integers.reduce(0, (a, b) -> a+b);
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * or more compactly:
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     int sum = integers.reduce(0, Integer::sum);
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>While this may seem a more roundabout way to perform an aggregation
+     * compared to simply mutating a running total in a loop, reduction
+     * operations parallelize more gracefully, without needing additional
+     * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
+     *
+     * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
+     * @return the result of the reduction
+     * @see #sum()
+     * @see #min()
+     * @see #max()
+     * @see #average()
+     */
+    int reduce(int identity, IntBinaryOperator op);
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a> on the
+     * elements of this stream, using an
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a> accumulation
+     * function, and returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the reduced value,
+     * if any. This is equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     boolean foundAny = false;
+     *     int result = null;
+     *     for (int element : this stream) {
+     *         if (!foundAny) {
+     *             foundAny = true;
+     *             result = element;
+     *         }
+     *         else
+     *             result = accumulator.applyAsInt(result, element);
+     *     }
+     *     return foundAny ? OptionalInt.of(result) : OptionalInt.empty();
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * but is not constrained to execute sequentially.
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code accumulator} function must be an
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a> function.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
+     * @return the result of the reduction
+     * @see #reduce(int, IntBinaryOperator)
+     */
+    OptionalInt reduce(IntBinaryOperator op);
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a <a href="package-summary.html#MutableReduction">mutable
+     * reduction</a> operation on the elements of this stream.  A mutable
+     * reduction is one in which the reduced value is a mutable result container,
+     * such as an {@code ArrayList}, and elements are incorporated by updating
+     * the state of the result rather than by replacing the result.  This
+     * produces a result equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     R result = supplier.get();
+     *     for (int element : this stream)
+     *         accumulator.accept(result, element);
+     *     return result;
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>Like {@link #reduce(int, IntBinaryOperator)}, {@code collect} operations
+     * can be parallelized without requiring additional synchronization.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @param <R> the type of the mutable result container
+     * @param supplier a function that creates a new mutable result container.
+     *                 For a parallel execution, this function may be called
+     *                 multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function that must fold an element into a result
+     *                    container.
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function that accepts two partial result containers
+     *                    and merges them, which must be compatible with the
+     *                    accumulator function.  The combiner function must fold
+     *                    the elements from the second result container into the
+     *                    first result container.
+     * @return the result of the reduction
+     * @see Stream#collect(Supplier, BiConsumer, BiConsumer)
+     */
+    <R> R collect(Supplier<R> supplier,
+                  ObjIntConsumer<R> accumulator,
+                  BiConsumer<R, R> combiner);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the sum of elements in this stream.  This is a special case
+     * of a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a>
+     * and is equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     return reduce(0, Integer::sum);
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return the sum of elements in this stream
+     */
+    int sum();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the minimum element of this
+     * stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty.  This is a special
+     * case of a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a>
+     * and is equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     return reduce(Integer::min);
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an {@code OptionalInt} containing the minimum element of this
+     * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty
+     */
+    OptionalInt min();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the maximum element of this
+     * stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty.  This is a special
+     * case of a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a>
+     * and is equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     return reduce(Integer::max);
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an {@code OptionalInt} containing the maximum element of this
+     * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty
+     */
+    OptionalInt max();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the count of elements in this stream.  This is a special case of
+     * a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a> and is
+     * equivalent to:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * An implementation may choose to not execute the stream pipeline (either
+     * sequentially or in parallel) if it is capable of computing the count
+     * directly from the stream source.  In such cases no source elements will
+     * be traversed and no intermediate operations will be evaluated.
+     * Behavioral parameters with side-effects, which are strongly discouraged
+     * except for harmless cases such as debugging, may be affected.  For
+     * example, consider the following stream:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     IntStream s = IntStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
+     *     long count = s.peek(System.out::println).count();
+     * }</pre>
+     * The number of elements covered by the stream source is known and the
+     * intermediate operation, {@code peek}, does not inject into or remove
+     * elements from the stream (as may be the case for {@code flatMap} or
+     * {@code filter} operations).  Thus the count is 4 and there is no need to
+     * execute the pipeline and, as a side-effect, print out the elements.
+     *
+     * @return the count of elements in this stream
+     */
+    long count();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@code OptionalDouble} describing the arithmetic mean of elements of
+     * this stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty.  This is a
+     * special case of a
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a>.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an {@code OptionalDouble} containing the average element of this
+     * stream, or an empty optional if the stream is empty
+     */
+    OptionalDouble average();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@code IntSummaryStatistics} describing various
+     * summary data about the elements of this stream.  This is a special
+     * case of a <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a>.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an {@code IntSummaryStatistics} describing various summary data
+     * about the elements of this stream
+     */
+    IntSummaryStatistics summaryStatistics();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided
+     * predicate.  May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not
+     * necessary for determining the result.  If the stream is empty then
+     * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>existential quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided
+     * predicate, otherwise {@code false}
+     */
+    boolean anyMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
+     * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)).  If the
+     * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be <em>vacuously
+     * satisfied</em> and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
+     */
+    boolean allMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
+     * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)).  If
+     * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied
+     * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
+     */
+    boolean noneMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@link OptionalInt} describing the first element of this
+     * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty.  If the
+     * stream has no encounter order, then any element may be returned.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return an {@code OptionalInt} describing the first element of this stream,
+     * or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty
+     */
+    OptionalInt findFirst();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@link OptionalInt} describing some element of the stream, or
+     * an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
+     * terminal operation</a>.
+     *
+     * <p>The behavior of this operation is explicitly nondeterministic; it is
+     * free to select any element in the stream.  This is to allow for maximal
+     * performance in parallel operations; the cost is that multiple invocations
+     * on the same source may not return the same result.  (If a stable result
+     * is desired, use {@link #findFirst()} instead.)
+     *
+     * @return an {@code OptionalInt} describing some element of this stream, or
+     * an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty
+     * @see #findFirst()
+     */
+    OptionalInt findAny();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code LongStream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
+     * converted to {@code long}.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code LongStream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
+     * converted to {@code long}
+     */
+    LongStream asLongStream();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
+     * converted to {@code double}.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
+     * converted to {@code double}
+     */
+    DoubleStream asDoubleStream();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code Stream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
+     * each boxed to an {@code Integer}.
+     *
+     * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
+     * operation</a>.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code Stream} consistent of the elements of this stream,
+     * each boxed to an {@code Integer}
+     */
+    Stream<Integer> boxed();
+
+    @Override
+    IntStream sequential();
+
+    @Override
+    IntStream parallel();
+
+    @Override
+    PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator();
+
+    @Override
+    Spliterator.OfInt spliterator();
+
+    // Static factories
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a builder for an {@code IntStream}.
+     *
+     * @return a stream builder
+     */
+    public static Builder builder() {
+        return new Streams.IntStreamBuilderImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an empty sequential {@code IntStream}.
+     *
+     * @return an empty sequential stream
+     */
+    public static IntStream empty() {
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(Spliterators.emptyIntSpliterator(), false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sequential {@code IntStream} containing a single element.
+     *
+     * @param t the single element
+     * @return a singleton sequential stream
+     */
+    public static IntStream of(int t) {
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(new Streams.IntStreamBuilderImpl(t), false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sequential ordered stream whose elements are the specified values.
+     *
+     * @param values the elements of the new stream
+     * @return the new stream
+     */
+    public static IntStream of(int... values) {
+        return Arrays.stream(values);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an infinite sequential ordered {@code IntStream} produced by iterative
+     * application of a function {@code f} to an initial element {@code seed},
+     * producing a {@code Stream} consisting of {@code seed}, {@code f(seed)},
+     * {@code f(f(seed))}, etc.
+     *
+     * <p>The first element (position {@code 0}) in the {@code IntStream} will be
+     * the provided {@code seed}.  For {@code n > 0}, the element at position
+     * {@code n}, will be the result of applying the function {@code f} to the
+     * element at position {@code n - 1}.
+     *
+     * <p>The action of applying {@code f} for one element
+     * <a href="../concurrent/package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happens-before</i></a>
+     * the action of applying {@code f} for subsequent elements.  For any given
+     * element the action may be performed in whatever thread the library
+     * chooses.
+     *
+     * @param seed the initial element
+     * @param f a function to be applied to the previous element to produce
+     *          a new element
+     * @return a new sequential {@code IntStream}
+     */
+    public static IntStream iterate(final int seed, final IntUnaryOperator f) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(f);
+        Spliterator.OfInt spliterator = new Spliterators.AbstractIntSpliterator(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+               Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.IMMUTABLE | Spliterator.NONNULL) {
+            int prev;
+            boolean started;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean tryAdvance(IntConsumer action) {
+                Objects.requireNonNull(action);
+                int t;
+                if (started)
+                    t = f.applyAsInt(prev);
+                else {
+                    t = seed;
+                    started = true;
+                }
+                action.accept(prev = t);
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(spliterator, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sequential ordered {@code IntStream} produced by iterative
+     * application of the given {@code next} function to an initial element,
+     * conditioned on satisfying the given {@code hasNext} predicate.  The
+     * stream terminates as soon as the {@code hasNext} predicate returns false.
+     *
+     * <p>{@code IntStream.iterate} should produce the same sequence of elements as
+     * produced by the corresponding for-loop:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     for (int index=seed; hasNext.test(index); index = next.applyAsInt(index)) {
+     *         ...
+     *     }
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>The resulting sequence may be empty if the {@code hasNext} predicate
+     * does not hold on the seed value.  Otherwise the first element will be the
+     * supplied {@code seed} value, the next element (if present) will be the
+     * result of applying the {@code next} function to the {@code seed} value,
+     * and so on iteratively until the {@code hasNext} predicate indicates that
+     * the stream should terminate.
+     *
+     * <p>The action of applying the {@code hasNext} predicate to an element
+     * <a href="../concurrent/package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happens-before</i></a>
+     * the action of applying the {@code next} function to that element.  The
+     * action of applying the {@code next} function for one element
+     * <i>happens-before</i> the action of applying the {@code hasNext}
+     * predicate for subsequent elements.  For any given element an action may
+     * be performed in whatever thread the library chooses.
+     *
+     * @param seed the initial element
+     * @param hasNext a predicate to apply to elements to determine when the
+     *                stream must terminate.
+     * @param next a function to be applied to the previous element to produce
+     *             a new element
+     * @return a new sequential {@code IntStream}
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    public static IntStream iterate(int seed, IntPredicate hasNext, IntUnaryOperator next) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(next);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(hasNext);
+        Spliterator.OfInt spliterator = new Spliterators.AbstractIntSpliterator(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+               Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.IMMUTABLE | Spliterator.NONNULL) {
+            int prev;
+            boolean started, finished;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean tryAdvance(IntConsumer action) {
+                Objects.requireNonNull(action);
+                if (finished)
+                    return false;
+                int t;
+                if (started)
+                    t = next.applyAsInt(prev);
+                else {
+                    t = seed;
+                    started = true;
+                }
+                if (!hasNext.test(t)) {
+                    finished = true;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                action.accept(prev = t);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void forEachRemaining(IntConsumer action) {
+                Objects.requireNonNull(action);
+                if (finished)
+                    return;
+                finished = true;
+                int t = started ? next.applyAsInt(prev) : seed;
+                while (hasNext.test(t)) {
+                    action.accept(t);
+                    t = next.applyAsInt(t);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(spliterator, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is
+     * generated by the provided {@code IntSupplier}.  This is suitable for
+     * generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
+     *
+     * @param s the {@code IntSupplier} for generated elements
+     * @return a new infinite sequential unordered {@code IntStream}
+     */
+    public static IntStream generate(IntSupplier s) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(s);
+        return StreamSupport.intStream(
+                new StreamSpliterators.InfiniteSupplyingSpliterator.OfInt(Long.MAX_VALUE, s), false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sequential ordered {@code IntStream} from {@code startInclusive}
+     * (inclusive) to {@code endExclusive} (exclusive) by an incremental step of
+     * {@code 1}.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * <p>An equivalent sequence of increasing values can be produced
+     * sequentially using a {@code for} loop as follows:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     for (int i = startInclusive; i < endExclusive ; i++) { ... }
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * @param startInclusive the (inclusive) initial value
+     * @param endExclusive the exclusive upper bound
+     * @return a sequential {@code IntStream} for the range of {@code int}
+     *         elements
+     */
+    public static IntStream range(int startInclusive, int endExclusive) {
+        if (startInclusive >= endExclusive) {
+            return empty();
+        } else {
+            return StreamSupport.intStream(
+                    new Streams.RangeIntSpliterator(startInclusive, endExclusive, false), false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sequential ordered {@code IntStream} from {@code startInclusive}
+     * (inclusive) to {@code endInclusive} (inclusive) by an incremental step of
+     * {@code 1}.
+     *
+     * @apiNote
+     * <p>An equivalent sequence of increasing values can be produced
+     * sequentially using a {@code for} loop as follows:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     for (int i = startInclusive; i <= endInclusive ; i++) { ... }
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * @param startInclusive the (inclusive) initial value
+     * @param endInclusive the inclusive upper bound
+     * @return a sequential {@code IntStream} for the range of {@code int}
+     *         elements
+     */
+    public static IntStream rangeClosed(int startInclusive, int endInclusive) {
+        if (startInclusive > endInclusive) {
+            return empty();
+        } else {
+            return StreamSupport.intStream(
+                    new Streams.RangeIntSpliterator(startInclusive, endInclusive, true), false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the
+     * elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the
+     * second stream.  The resulting stream is ordered if both
+     * of the input streams are ordered, and parallel if either of the input
+     * streams is parallel.  When the resulting stream is closed, the close
+     * handlers for both input streams are invoked.
+     *
+     * @implNote
+     * Use caution when constructing streams from repeated concatenation.
+     * Accessing an element of a deeply concatenated stream can result in deep
+     * call chains, or even {@code StackOverflowError}.
+     *
+     * @param a the first stream
+     * @param b the second stream
+     * @return the concatenation of the two input streams
+     */
+    public static IntStream concat(IntStream a, IntStream b) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(a);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(b);
+
+        Spliterator.OfInt split = new Streams.ConcatSpliterator.OfInt(
+                a.spliterator(), b.spliterator());
+        IntStream stream = StreamSupport.intStream(split, a.isParallel() || b.isParallel());
+        return stream.onClose(Streams.composedClose(a, b));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A mutable builder for an {@code IntStream}.
+     *
+     * <p>A stream builder has a lifecycle, which starts in a building
+     * phase, during which elements can be added, and then transitions to a built
+     * phase, after which elements may not be added.  The built phase
+     * begins when the {@link #build()} method is called, which creates an
+     * ordered stream whose elements are the elements that were added to the
+     * stream builder, in the order they were added.
+     *
+     * @see IntStream#builder()
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public interface Builder extends IntConsumer {
+
+        /**
+         * Adds an element to the stream being built.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned
+         * to the built state
+         */
+        @Override
+        void accept(int t);
+
+        /**
+         * Adds an element to the stream being built.
+         *
+         * @implSpec
+         * The default implementation behaves as if:
+         * <pre>{@code
+         *     accept(t)
+         *     return this;
+         * }</pre>
+         *
+         * @param t the element to add
+         * @return {@code this} builder
+         * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned
+         * to the built state
+         */
+        default Builder add(int t) {
+            accept(t);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the stream, transitioning this builder to the built state.
+         * An {@code IllegalStateException} is thrown if there are further
+         * attempts to operate on the builder after it has entered the built
+         * state.
+         *
+         * @return the built stream
+         * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned to
+         * the built state
+         */
+        IntStream build();
+    }
+}