src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Policy.java
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 45434 4582657c7260
child 53018 8bf9268df0e2
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Policy.java	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+
+package java.security;
+
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import sun.security.jca.GetInstance;
+import sun.security.util.Debug;
+import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
+
+
+/**
+ * A Policy object is responsible for determining whether code executing
+ * in the Java runtime environment has permission to perform a
+ * security-sensitive operation.
+ *
+ * <p> There is only one Policy object installed in the runtime at any
+ * given time.  A Policy object can be installed by calling the
+ * {@code setPolicy} method.  The installed Policy object can be
+ * obtained by calling the {@code getPolicy} method.
+ *
+ * <p> If no Policy object has been installed in the runtime, a call to
+ * {@code getPolicy} installs an instance of the default Policy
+ * implementation (a default subclass implementation of this abstract class).
+ * The default Policy implementation can be changed by setting the value
+ * of the {@code policy.provider} security property to the fully qualified
+ * name of the desired Policy subclass implementation. The system class loader
+ * is used to load this class.
+ *
+ * <p> Application code can directly subclass Policy to provide a custom
+ * implementation.  In addition, an instance of a Policy object can be
+ * constructed by invoking one of the {@code getInstance} factory methods
+ * with a standard type.  The default policy type is "JavaPolicy".
+ *
+ * <p> Once a Policy instance has been installed (either by default, or by
+ * calling {@code setPolicy}), the Java runtime invokes its
+ * {@code implies} method when it needs to
+ * determine whether executing code (encapsulated in a ProtectionDomain)
+ * can perform SecurityManager-protected operations.  How a Policy object
+ * retrieves its policy data is up to the Policy implementation itself.
+ * The policy data may be stored, for example, in a flat ASCII file,
+ * in a serialized binary file of the Policy class, or in a database.
+ *
+ * <p> The {@code refresh} method causes the policy object to
+ * refresh/reload its data.  This operation is implementation-dependent.
+ * For example, if the policy object stores its data in configuration files,
+ * calling {@code refresh} will cause it to re-read the configuration
+ * policy files.  If a refresh operation is not supported, this method does
+ * nothing.  Note that refreshed policy may not have an effect on classes
+ * in a particular ProtectionDomain. This is dependent on the Policy
+ * provider's implementation of the {@code implies}
+ * method and its PermissionCollection caching strategy.
+ *
+ * @author Roland Schemers
+ * @author Gary Ellison
+ * @since 1.2
+ * @see java.security.Provider
+ * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
+ * @see java.security.Permission
+ * @see java.security.Security security properties
+ */
+
+public abstract class Policy {
+
+    /**
+     * A read-only empty PermissionCollection instance.
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public static final PermissionCollection UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION =
+                        new UnsupportedEmptyCollection();
+
+    // Information about the system-wide policy.
+    private static class PolicyInfo {
+        // the system-wide policy
+        final Policy policy;
+        // a flag indicating if the system-wide policy has been initialized
+        final boolean initialized;
+
+        PolicyInfo(Policy policy, boolean initialized) {
+            this.policy = policy;
+            this.initialized = initialized;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // PolicyInfo is volatile since we apply DCL during initialization.
+    // For correctness, care must be taken to read the field only once and only
+    // write to it after any other initialization action has taken place.
+    private static volatile PolicyInfo policyInfo = new PolicyInfo(null, false);
+
+    private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("policy");
+
+    // Default policy provider
+    private static final String DEFAULT_POLICY =
+        "sun.security.provider.PolicyFile";
+
+    // Cache mapping ProtectionDomain.Key to PermissionCollection
+    private WeakHashMap<ProtectionDomain.Key, PermissionCollection> pdMapping;
+
+    /** package private for AccessControlContext and ProtectionDomain */
+    static boolean isSet() {
+        PolicyInfo pi = policyInfo;
+        return pi.policy != null && pi.initialized == true;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkPermission(String type) {
+        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(new SecurityPermission("createPolicy." + type));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the installed Policy object. This value should not be cached,
+     * as it may be changed by a call to {@code setPolicy}.
+     * This method first calls
+     * {@code SecurityManager.checkPermission} with a
+     * {@code SecurityPermission("getPolicy")} permission
+     * to ensure it's ok to get the Policy object.
+     *
+     * @return the installed Policy.
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException
+     *        if a security manager exists and its
+     *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
+     *        getting the Policy object.
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission(Permission)
+     * @see #setPolicy(java.security.Policy)
+     */
+    public static Policy getPolicy()
+    {
+        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null)
+            sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_POLICY_PERMISSION);
+        return getPolicyNoCheck();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the installed Policy object, skipping the security check.
+     * Used by ProtectionDomain and getPolicy.
+     *
+     * @return the installed Policy.
+     */
+    static Policy getPolicyNoCheck()
+    {
+        PolicyInfo pi = policyInfo;
+        // Use double-check idiom to avoid locking if system-wide policy is
+        // already initialized
+        if (pi.initialized == false || pi.policy == null) {
+            synchronized (Policy.class) {
+                pi = policyInfo;
+                if (pi.policy == null) {
+                    return loadPolicyProvider();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return pi.policy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads and instantiates a Policy implementation specified by the
+     * policy.provider security property. Note that this method should only
+     * be called by getPolicyNoCheck and from within a synchronized block with
+     * an intrinsic lock on the Policy.class.
+     */
+    private static Policy loadPolicyProvider() {
+        String policyProvider =
+            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+                @Override
+                public String run() {
+                    return Security.getProperty("policy.provider");
+                }
+            });
+
+        /*
+         * If policy.provider is not set or is set to the default provider,
+         * simply instantiate it and return.
+         */
+        if (policyProvider == null || policyProvider.isEmpty() ||
+            policyProvider.equals(DEFAULT_POLICY))
+        {
+            Policy polFile = new sun.security.provider.PolicyFile();
+            policyInfo = new PolicyInfo(polFile, true);
+            return polFile;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Locate, load, and instantiate the policy.provider impl using
+         * the system class loader. While doing so, install the bootstrap
+         * provider to avoid potential recursion.
+         */
+        Policy polFile = new sun.security.provider.PolicyFile();
+        policyInfo = new PolicyInfo(polFile, false);
+
+        Policy pol = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Policy run() {
+                try {
+                    ClassLoader scl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
+                    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+                    Object o = Class.forName(policyProvider, true, scl).newInstance();
+                    return (Policy)o;
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("policy provider " + policyProvider +
+                                      " not available");
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                    }
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (pol == null) {
+            // Fallback and use the system default implementation
+            if (debug != null) {
+                debug.println("using " + DEFAULT_POLICY);
+            }
+            pol = polFile;
+        }
+        policyInfo = new PolicyInfo(pol, true);
+        return pol;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the system-wide Policy object. This method first calls
+     * {@code SecurityManager.checkPermission} with a
+     * {@code SecurityPermission("setPolicy")}
+     * permission to ensure it's ok to set the Policy.
+     *
+     * @param p the new system Policy object.
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException
+     *        if a security manager exists and its
+     *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
+     *        setting the Policy.
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission(Permission)
+     * @see #getPolicy()
+     *
+     */
+    public static void setPolicy(Policy p)
+    {
+        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) sm.checkPermission(
+                                 new SecurityPermission("setPolicy"));
+        if (p != null) {
+            initPolicy(p);
+        }
+        synchronized (Policy.class) {
+            policyInfo = new PolicyInfo(p, p != null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize superclass state such that a legacy provider can
+     * handle queries for itself.
+     *
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    private static void initPolicy (final Policy p) {
+        /*
+         * A policy provider not on the bootclasspath could trigger
+         * security checks fulfilling a call to either Policy.implies
+         * or Policy.getPermissions. If this does occur the provider
+         * must be able to answer for it's own ProtectionDomain
+         * without triggering additional security checks, otherwise
+         * the policy implementation will end up in an infinite
+         * recursion.
+         *
+         * To mitigate this, the provider can collect it's own
+         * ProtectionDomain and associate a PermissionCollection while
+         * it is being installed. The currently installed policy
+         * provider (if there is one) will handle calls to
+         * Policy.implies or Policy.getPermissions during this
+         * process.
+         *
+         * This Policy superclass caches away the ProtectionDomain and
+         * statically binds permissions so that legacy Policy
+         * implementations will continue to function.
+         */
+
+        ProtectionDomain policyDomain =
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
+            public ProtectionDomain run() {
+                return p.getClass().getProtectionDomain();
+            }
+        });
+
+        /*
+         * Collect the permissions granted to this protection domain
+         * so that the provider can be security checked while processing
+         * calls to Policy.implies or Policy.getPermissions.
+         */
+        PermissionCollection policyPerms = null;
+        synchronized (p) {
+            if (p.pdMapping == null) {
+                p.pdMapping = new WeakHashMap<>();
+           }
+        }
+
+        if (policyDomain.getCodeSource() != null) {
+            Policy pol = policyInfo.policy;
+            if (pol != null) {
+                policyPerms = pol.getPermissions(policyDomain);
+            }
+
+            if (policyPerms == null) { // assume it has all
+                policyPerms = new Permissions();
+                policyPerms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (p.pdMapping) {
+                // cache of pd to permissions
+                p.pdMapping.put(policyDomain.key, policyPerms);
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Policy object of the specified type.
+     *
+     * <p> This method traverses the list of registered security providers,
+     * starting with the most preferred Provider.
+     * A new Policy object encapsulating the
+     * PolicySpi implementation from the first
+     * Provider that supports the specified type is returned.
+     *
+     * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
+     * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
+     *
+     * @implNote
+     * The JDK Reference Implementation additionally uses the
+     * {@code jdk.security.provider.preferred}
+     * {@link Security#getProperty(String) Security} property to determine
+     * the preferred provider order for the specified algorithm. This
+     * may be different than the order of providers returned by
+     * {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()}.
+     *
+     * @param type the specified Policy type.  See the Policy section in the
+     *    <a href=
+     *    "{@docRoot}/../specs/security/standard-names.html#policy-types">
+     *    Java Security Standard Algorithm Names Specification</a>
+     *    for a list of standard Policy types.
+     *
+     * @param params parameters for the Policy, which may be null.
+     *
+     * @return the new {@code Policy} object
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified parameters
+     *         are not understood by the {@code PolicySpi} implementation
+     *         from the selected {@code Provider}
+     *
+     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if no {@code Provider} supports
+     *         a {@code PolicySpi} implementation for the specified type
+     *
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code type} is {@code null}
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException if the caller does not have permission
+     *         to get a {@code Policy} instance for the specified type.
+     *
+     * @see Provider
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public static Policy getInstance(String type, Policy.Parameters params)
+                throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(type, "null type name");
+        checkPermission(type);
+        try {
+            GetInstance.Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("Policy",
+                                                        PolicySpi.class,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params);
+            return new PolicyDelegate((PolicySpi)instance.impl,
+                                                        instance.provider,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
+            return handleException(nsae);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Policy object of the specified type.
+     *
+     * <p> A new Policy object encapsulating the
+     * PolicySpi implementation from the specified provider
+     * is returned.   The specified provider must be registered
+     * in the provider list.
+     *
+     * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
+     * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
+     *
+     * @param type the specified Policy type.  See the Policy section in the
+     *    <a href=
+     *    "{@docRoot}/../specs/security/standard-names.html#policy-types">
+     *    Java Security Standard Algorithm Names Specification</a>
+     *    for a list of standard Policy types.
+     *
+     * @param params parameters for the Policy, which may be null.
+     *
+     * @param provider the provider.
+     *
+     * @return the new {@code Policy} object
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified provider
+     *         is {@code null} or empty, or if the specified parameters are
+     *         not understood by the {@code PolicySpi} implementation from
+     *         the specified provider
+     *
+     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if the specified provider does not
+     *         support a {@code PolicySpi} implementation for the specified
+     *         type
+     *
+     * @throws NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not
+     *         registered in the security provider list
+     *
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code type} is {@code null}
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException if the caller does not have permission
+     *         to get a {@code Policy} instance for the specified type
+     *
+     * @see Provider
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public static Policy getInstance(String type,
+                                Policy.Parameters params,
+                                String provider)
+                throws NoSuchProviderException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(type, "null type name");
+        if (provider == null || provider.length() == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("missing provider");
+        }
+
+        checkPermission(type);
+        try {
+            GetInstance.Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("Policy",
+                                                        PolicySpi.class,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params,
+                                                        provider);
+            return new PolicyDelegate((PolicySpi)instance.impl,
+                                                        instance.provider,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
+            return handleException(nsae);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Policy object of the specified type.
+     *
+     * <p> A new Policy object encapsulating the
+     * PolicySpi implementation from the specified Provider
+     * object is returned.  Note that the specified Provider object
+     * does not have to be registered in the provider list.
+     *
+     * @param type the specified Policy type.  See the Policy section in the
+     *    <a href=
+     *    "{@docRoot}/../specs/security/standard-names.html#policy-types">
+     *    Java Security Standard Algorithm Names Specification</a>
+     *    for a list of standard Policy types.
+     *
+     * @param params parameters for the Policy, which may be null.
+     *
+     * @param provider the Provider.
+     *
+     * @return the new {@code Policy} object
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified {@code Provider}
+     *         is {@code null}, or if the specified parameters are not
+     *         understood by the {@code PolicySpi} implementation from the
+     *         specified {@code Provider}
+     *
+     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if the specified {@code Provider}
+     *         does not support a {@code PolicySpi} implementation for
+     *         the specified type
+     *
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code type} is {@code null}
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException if the caller does not have permission
+     *         to get a {@code Policy} instance for the specified type
+     *
+     * @see Provider
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public static Policy getInstance(String type,
+                                Policy.Parameters params,
+                                Provider provider)
+                throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(type, "null type name");
+        if (provider == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("missing provider");
+        }
+
+        checkPermission(type);
+        try {
+            GetInstance.Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("Policy",
+                                                        PolicySpi.class,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params,
+                                                        provider);
+            return new PolicyDelegate((PolicySpi)instance.impl,
+                                                        instance.provider,
+                                                        type,
+                                                        params);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
+            return handleException(nsae);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Policy handleException(NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae)
+                throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        Throwable cause = nsae.getCause();
+        if (cause instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
+            throw (IllegalArgumentException)cause;
+        }
+        throw nsae;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the Provider of this Policy.
+     *
+     * <p> This Policy instance will only have a Provider if it
+     * was obtained via a call to {@code Policy.getInstance}.
+     * Otherwise this method returns null.
+     *
+     * @return the Provider of this Policy, or null.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public Provider getProvider() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the type of this Policy.
+     *
+     * <p> This Policy instance will only have a type if it
+     * was obtained via a call to {@code Policy.getInstance}.
+     * Otherwise this method returns null.
+     *
+     * @return the type of this Policy, or null.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public String getType() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return Policy parameters.
+     *
+     * <p> This Policy instance will only have parameters if it
+     * was obtained via a call to {@code Policy.getInstance}.
+     * Otherwise this method returns null.
+     *
+     * @return Policy parameters, or null.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public Policy.Parameters getParameters() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a PermissionCollection object containing the set of
+     * permissions granted to the specified CodeSource.
+     *
+     * <p> Applications are discouraged from calling this method
+     * since this operation may not be supported by all policy implementations.
+     * Applications should solely rely on the {@code implies} method
+     * to perform policy checks.  If an application absolutely must call
+     * a getPermissions method, it should call
+     * {@code getPermissions(ProtectionDomain)}.
+     *
+     * <p> The default implementation of this method returns
+     * Policy.UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION.  This method can be
+     * overridden if the policy implementation can return a set of
+     * permissions granted to a CodeSource.
+     *
+     * @param codesource the CodeSource to which the returned
+     *          PermissionCollection has been granted.
+     *
+     * @return a set of permissions granted to the specified CodeSource.
+     *          If this operation is supported, the returned
+     *          set of permissions must be a new mutable instance
+     *          and it must support heterogeneous Permission types.
+     *          If this operation is not supported,
+     *          Policy.UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION is returned.
+     */
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+        return Policy.UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a PermissionCollection object containing the set of
+     * permissions granted to the specified ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * <p> Applications are discouraged from calling this method
+     * since this operation may not be supported by all policy implementations.
+     * Applications should rely on the {@code implies} method
+     * to perform policy checks.
+     *
+     * <p> The default implementation of this method first retrieves
+     * the permissions returned via {@code getPermissions(CodeSource)}
+     * (the CodeSource is taken from the specified ProtectionDomain),
+     * as well as the permissions located inside the specified ProtectionDomain.
+     * All of these permissions are then combined and returned in a new
+     * PermissionCollection object.  If {@code getPermissions(CodeSource)}
+     * returns Policy.UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION, then this method
+     * returns the permissions contained inside the specified ProtectionDomain
+     * in a new PermissionCollection object.
+     *
+     * <p> This method can be overridden if the policy implementation
+     * supports returning a set of permissions granted to a ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * @param domain the ProtectionDomain to which the returned
+     *          PermissionCollection has been granted.
+     *
+     * @return a set of permissions granted to the specified ProtectionDomain.
+     *          If this operation is supported, the returned
+     *          set of permissions must be a new mutable instance
+     *          and it must support heterogeneous Permission types.
+     *          If this operation is not supported,
+     *          Policy.UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION is returned.
+     *
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+        PermissionCollection pc = null;
+
+        if (domain == null)
+            return new Permissions();
+
+        if (pdMapping == null) {
+            initPolicy(this);
+        }
+
+        synchronized (pdMapping) {
+            pc = pdMapping.get(domain.key);
+        }
+
+        if (pc != null) {
+            Permissions perms = new Permissions();
+            synchronized (pc) {
+                for (Enumeration<Permission> e = pc.elements() ; e.hasMoreElements() ;) {
+                    perms.add(e.nextElement());
+                }
+            }
+            return perms;
+        }
+
+        pc = getPermissions(domain.getCodeSource());
+        if (pc == null || pc == UNSUPPORTED_EMPTY_COLLECTION) {
+            pc = new Permissions();
+        }
+
+        addStaticPerms(pc, domain.getPermissions());
+        return pc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * add static permissions to provided permission collection
+     */
+    private void addStaticPerms(PermissionCollection perms,
+                                PermissionCollection statics) {
+        if (statics != null) {
+            synchronized (statics) {
+                Enumeration<Permission> e = statics.elements();
+                while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+                    perms.add(e.nextElement());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the global policy for the permissions granted to
+     * the ProtectionDomain and tests whether the permission is
+     * granted.
+     *
+     * @param domain the ProtectionDomain to test
+     * @param permission the Permission object to be tested for implication.
+     *
+     * @return true if "permission" is a proper subset of a permission
+     * granted to this ProtectionDomain.
+     *
+     * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) {
+        PermissionCollection pc;
+
+        if (pdMapping == null) {
+            initPolicy(this);
+        }
+
+        synchronized (pdMapping) {
+            pc = pdMapping.get(domain.key);
+        }
+
+        if (pc != null) {
+            return pc.implies(permission);
+        }
+
+        pc = getPermissions(domain);
+        if (pc == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (pdMapping) {
+            // cache it
+            pdMapping.put(domain.key, pc);
+        }
+
+        return pc.implies(permission);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Refreshes/reloads the policy configuration. The behavior of this method
+     * depends on the implementation. For example, calling {@code refresh}
+     * on a file-based policy will cause the file to be re-read.
+     *
+     * <p> The default implementation of this method does nothing.
+     * This method should be overridden if a refresh operation is supported
+     * by the policy implementation.
+     */
+    public void refresh() { }
+
+    /**
+     * This subclass is returned by the getInstance calls.  All Policy calls
+     * are delegated to the underlying PolicySpi.
+     */
+    private static class PolicyDelegate extends Policy {
+
+        private PolicySpi spi;
+        private Provider p;
+        private String type;
+        private Policy.Parameters params;
+
+        private PolicyDelegate(PolicySpi spi, Provider p,
+                        String type, Policy.Parameters params) {
+            this.spi = spi;
+            this.p = p;
+            this.type = type;
+            this.params = params;
+        }
+
+        @Override public String getType() { return type; }
+
+        @Override public Policy.Parameters getParameters() { return params; }
+
+        @Override public Provider getProvider() { return p; }
+
+        @Override
+        public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+            return spi.engineGetPermissions(codesource);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+            return spi.engineGetPermissions(domain);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission perm) {
+            return spi.engineImplies(domain, perm);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void refresh() {
+            spi.engineRefresh();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This represents a marker interface for Policy parameters.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    public static interface Parameters { }
+
+    /**
+     * This class represents a read-only empty PermissionCollection object that
+     * is returned from the {@code getPermissions(CodeSource)} and
+     * {@code getPermissions(ProtectionDomain)}
+     * methods in the Policy class when those operations are not
+     * supported by the Policy implementation.
+     */
+    private static class UnsupportedEmptyCollection
+        extends PermissionCollection {
+
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -8492269157353014774L;
+
+        private Permissions perms;
+
+        /**
+         * Create a read-only empty PermissionCollection object.
+         */
+        public UnsupportedEmptyCollection() {
+            this.perms = new Permissions();
+            perms.setReadOnly();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a permission object to the current collection of permission
+         * objects.
+         *
+         * @param permission the Permission object to add.
+         *
+         * @exception SecurityException - if this PermissionCollection object
+         *                                has been marked readonly
+         */
+        @Override public void add(Permission permission) {
+            perms.add(permission);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks to see if the specified permission is implied by the
+         * collection of Permission objects held in this PermissionCollection.
+         *
+         * @param permission the Permission object to compare.
+         *
+         * @return true if "permission" is implied by the permissions in
+         * the collection, false if not.
+         */
+        @Override public boolean implies(Permission permission) {
+            return perms.implies(permission);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an enumeration of all the Permission objects in the
+         * collection.
+         *
+         * @return an enumeration of all the Permissions.
+         */
+        @Override public Enumeration<Permission> elements() {
+            return perms.elements();
+        }
+    }
+}