src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 46884 b2c074043e74
child 47747 84e7c1515661
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package java.net;
+
+import java.util.NavigableSet;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream.GetField;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream.PutField;
+import java.lang.annotation.Native;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import jdk.internal.misc.JavaNetInetAddressAccess;
+import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;
+import sun.security.action.*;
+import sun.net.InetAddressCachePolicy;
+import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
+ *
+ * <p> An IP address is either a 32-bit or 128-bit unsigned number
+ * used by IP, a lower-level protocol on which protocols like UDP and
+ * TCP are built. The IP address architecture is defined by <a
+ * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc790.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;790:
+ * Assigned Numbers</i></a>, <a
+ * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt"> <i>RFC&nbsp;1918:
+ * Address Allocation for Private Internets</i></a>, <a
+ * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2365.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2365:
+ * Administratively Scoped IP Multicast</i></a>, and <a
+ * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2373: IP
+ * Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a>. An instance of an
+ * InetAddress consists of an IP address and possibly its
+ * corresponding host name (depending on whether it is constructed
+ * with a host name or whether it has already done reverse host name
+ * resolution).
+ *
+ * <h3> Address types </h3>
+ *
+ * <table class="striped" style="margin-left:2em">
+ *   <caption style="display:none">Description of unicast and multicast address types</caption>
+ *   <thead>
+ *   <tr><th scope="col">Address Type</th><th scope="col">Description</th></tr>
+ *   </thead>
+ *   <tbody>
+ *   <tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top">unicast</th>
+ *       <td>An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to
+ *         a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by
+ *         that address.
+ *
+ *         <p> The Unspecified Address -- Also called anylocal or wildcard
+ *         address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the
+ *         absence of an address. One example of its use is as the target of
+ *         bind, which allows a server to accept a client connection on any
+ *         interface, in case the server host has multiple interfaces.
+ *
+ *         <p> The <i>unspecified</i> address must not be used as
+ *         the destination address of an IP packet.
+ *
+ *         <p> The <i>Loopback</i> Addresses -- This is the address
+ *         assigned to the loopback interface. Anything sent to this
+ *         IP address loops around and becomes IP input on the local
+ *         host. This address is often used when testing a
+ *         client.</td></tr>
+ *   <tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top">multicast</th>
+ *       <td>An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging
+ *         to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address is
+ *         delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.</td></tr>
+ * </tbody>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * <h4> IP address scope </h4>
+ *
+ * <p> <i>Link-local</i> addresses are designed to be used for addressing
+ * on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration,
+ * neighbor discovery, or when no routers are present.
+ *
+ * <p> <i>Site-local</i> addresses are designed to be used for addressing
+ * inside of a site without the need for a global prefix.
+ *
+ * <p> <i>Global</i> addresses are unique across the internet.
+ *
+ * <h4> Textual representation of IP addresses </h4>
+ *
+ * The textual representation of an IP address is address family specific.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ *
+ * For IPv4 address format, please refer to <A
+ * HREF="Inet4Address.html#format">Inet4Address#format</A>; For IPv6
+ * address format, please refer to <A
+ * HREF="Inet6Address.html#format">Inet6Address#format</A>.
+ *
+ * <P>There is a <a href="doc-files/net-properties.html#Ipv4IPv6">couple of
+ * System Properties</a> affecting how IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are used.</P>
+ *
+ * <h4> Host Name Resolution </h4>
+ *
+ * Host name-to-IP address <i>resolution</i> is accomplished through
+ * the use of a combination of local machine configuration information
+ * and network naming services such as the Domain Name System (DNS)
+ * and Network Information Service(NIS). The particular naming
+ * services(s) being used is by default the local machine configured
+ * one. For any host name, its corresponding IP address is returned.
+ *
+ * <p> <i>Reverse name resolution</i> means that for any IP address,
+ * the host associated with the IP address is returned.
+ *
+ * <p> The InetAddress class provides methods to resolve host names to
+ * their IP addresses and vice versa.
+ *
+ * <h4> InetAddress Caching </h4>
+ *
+ * The InetAddress class has a cache to store successful as well as
+ * unsuccessful host name resolutions.
+ *
+ * <p> By default, when a security manager is installed, in order to
+ * protect against DNS spoofing attacks,
+ * the result of positive host name resolutions are
+ * cached forever. When a security manager is not installed, the default
+ * behavior is to cache entries for a finite (implementation dependent)
+ * period of time. The result of unsuccessful host
+ * name resolution is cached for a very short period of time (10
+ * seconds) to improve performance.
+ *
+ * <p> If the default behavior is not desired, then a Java security property
+ * can be set to a different Time-to-live (TTL) value for positive
+ * caching. Likewise, a system admin can configure a different
+ * negative caching TTL value when needed.
+ *
+ * <p> Two Java security properties control the TTL values used for
+ *  positive and negative host name resolution caching:
+ *
+ * <dl style="margin-left:2em">
+ * <dt><b>networkaddress.cache.ttl</b></dt>
+ * <dd>Indicates the caching policy for successful name lookups from
+ * the name service. The value is specified as an integer to indicate
+ * the number of seconds to cache the successful lookup. The default
+ * setting is to cache for an implementation specific period of time.
+ * <p>
+ * A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".
+ * </dd>
+ * <dt><b>networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl</b> (default: 10)</dt>
+ * <dd>Indicates the caching policy for un-successful name lookups
+ * from the name service. The value is specified as an integer to
+ * indicate the number of seconds to cache the failure for
+ * un-successful lookups.
+ * <p>
+ * A value of 0 indicates "never cache".
+ * A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".
+ * </dd>
+ * </dl>
+ *
+ * @author  Chris Warth
+ * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(byte[])
+ * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(java.lang.String, byte[])
+ * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getAllByName(java.lang.String)
+ * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getByName(java.lang.String)
+ * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getLocalHost()
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+public
+class InetAddress implements java.io.Serializable {
+
+    @Native static final int PREFER_IPV4_VALUE = 0;
+    @Native static final int PREFER_IPV6_VALUE = 1;
+    @Native static final int PREFER_SYSTEM_VALUE = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the address family: Internet Protocol, Version 4
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    @Native static final int IPv4 = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the address family: Internet Protocol, Version 6
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    @Native static final int IPv6 = 2;
+
+    /* Specify address family preference */
+    static transient final int preferIPv6Address;
+
+    static class InetAddressHolder {
+        /**
+         * Reserve the original application specified hostname.
+         *
+         * The original hostname is useful for domain-based endpoint
+         * identification (see RFC 2818 and RFC 6125).  If an address
+         * was created with a raw IP address, a reverse name lookup
+         * may introduce endpoint identification security issue via
+         * DNS forging.
+         *
+         * Oracle JSSE provider is using this original hostname, via
+         * jdk.internal.misc.JavaNetAccess, for SSL/TLS endpoint identification.
+         *
+         * Note: May define a new public method in the future if necessary.
+         */
+        String originalHostName;
+
+        InetAddressHolder() {}
+
+        InetAddressHolder(String hostName, int address, int family) {
+            this.originalHostName = hostName;
+            this.hostName = hostName;
+            this.address = address;
+            this.family = family;
+        }
+
+        void init(String hostName, int family) {
+            this.originalHostName = hostName;
+            this.hostName = hostName;
+            if (family != -1) {
+                this.family = family;
+            }
+        }
+
+        String hostName;
+
+        String getHostName() {
+            return hostName;
+        }
+
+        String getOriginalHostName() {
+            return originalHostName;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Holds a 32-bit IPv4 address.
+         */
+        int address;
+
+        int getAddress() {
+            return address;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies the address family type, for instance, '1' for IPv4
+         * addresses, and '2' for IPv6 addresses.
+         */
+        int family;
+
+        int getFamily() {
+            return family;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Used to store the serializable fields of InetAddress */
+    final transient InetAddressHolder holder;
+
+    InetAddressHolder holder() {
+        return holder;
+    }
+
+    /* Used to store the name service provider */
+    private static transient NameService nameService = null;
+
+    /* Used to store the best available hostname */
+    private transient String canonicalHostName = null;
+
+    /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3286316764910316507L;
+
+    /*
+     * Load net library into runtime, and perform initializations.
+     */
+    static {
+        String str = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                new GetPropertyAction("java.net.preferIPv6Addresses"));
+        if (str == null) {
+            preferIPv6Address = PREFER_IPV4_VALUE;
+        } else if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
+            preferIPv6Address = PREFER_IPV6_VALUE;
+        } else if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
+            preferIPv6Address = PREFER_IPV4_VALUE;
+        } else if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("system")) {
+            preferIPv6Address = PREFER_SYSTEM_VALUE;
+        } else {
+            preferIPv6Address = PREFER_IPV4_VALUE;
+        }
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(
+            new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
+                public Void run() {
+                    System.loadLibrary("net");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            });
+        SharedSecrets.setJavaNetInetAddressAccess(
+                new JavaNetInetAddressAccess() {
+                    public String getOriginalHostName(InetAddress ia) {
+                        return ia.holder.getOriginalHostName();
+                    }
+
+                    public InetAddress getByName(String hostName,
+                                                 InetAddress hostAddress)
+                            throws UnknownHostException
+                    {
+                        return InetAddress.getByName(hostName, hostAddress);
+                    }
+                }
+        );
+        init();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor for the Socket.accept() method.
+     * This creates an empty InetAddress, which is filled in by
+     * the accept() method.  This InetAddress, however, is not
+     * put in the address cache, since it is not created by name.
+     */
+    InetAddress() {
+        holder = new InetAddressHolder();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the de-serialized object with an Inet4Address object.
+     *
+     * @return the alternate object to the de-serialized object.
+     *
+     * @throws ObjectStreamException if a new object replacing this
+     * object could not be created
+     */
+    private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
+        // will replace the deserialized 'this' object
+        return new Inet4Address(holder().getHostName(), holder().getAddress());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an
+     * IP multicast address.
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
+     * an IP multicast address
+     * @since   1.1
+     */
+    public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a wildcard address.
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the Inetaddress is
+     *         a wildcard address.
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isAnyLocalAddress() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a loopback address.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
+     * a loopback address; or false otherwise.
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isLoopbackAddress() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an link local address.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
+     * a link local address; or false if address is not a link local unicast address.
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isLinkLocalAddress() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a site local address.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
+     * a site local address; or false if address is not a site local unicast address.
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isSiteLocalAddress() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has global scope.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
+     *         is a multicast address of global scope, false if it is not
+     *         of global scope or it is not a multicast address
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isMCGlobal() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has node scope.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
+     *         is a multicast address of node-local scope, false if it is not
+     *         of node-local scope or it is not a multicast address
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isMCNodeLocal() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has link scope.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
+     *         is a multicast address of link-local scope, false if it is not
+     *         of link-local scope or it is not a multicast address
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isMCLinkLocal() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has site scope.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
+     *         is a multicast address of site-local scope, false if it is not
+     *         of site-local scope or it is not a multicast address
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isMCSiteLocal() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has organization scope.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
+     *         is a multicast address of organization-local scope,
+     *         false if it is not of organization-local scope
+     *         or it is not a multicast address
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public boolean isMCOrgLocal() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether that address is reachable. Best effort is made by the
+     * implementation to try to reach the host, but firewalls and server
+     * configuration may block requests resulting in a unreachable status
+     * while some specific ports may be accessible.
+     * A typical implementation will use ICMP ECHO REQUESTs if the
+     * privilege can be obtained, otherwise it will try to establish
+     * a TCP connection on port 7 (Echo) of the destination host.
+     * <p>
+     * The timeout value, in milliseconds, indicates the maximum amount of time
+     * the try should take. If the operation times out before getting an
+     * answer, the host is deemed unreachable. A negative value will result
+     * in an IllegalArgumentException being thrown.
+     *
+     * @param   timeout the time, in milliseconds, before the call aborts
+     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address is reachable.
+     * @throws IOException if a network error occurs
+     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code timeout} is negative.
+     * @since 1.5
+     */
+    public boolean isReachable(int timeout) throws IOException {
+        return isReachable(null, 0 , timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether that address is reachable. Best effort is made by the
+     * implementation to try to reach the host, but firewalls and server
+     * configuration may block requests resulting in a unreachable status
+     * while some specific ports may be accessible.
+     * A typical implementation will use ICMP ECHO REQUESTs if the
+     * privilege can be obtained, otherwise it will try to establish
+     * a TCP connection on port 7 (Echo) of the destination host.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@code network interface} and {@code ttl} parameters
+     * let the caller specify which network interface the test will go through
+     * and the maximum number of hops the packets should go through.
+     * A negative value for the {@code ttl} will result in an
+     * IllegalArgumentException being thrown.
+     * <p>
+     * The timeout value, in milliseconds, indicates the maximum amount of time
+     * the try should take. If the operation times out before getting an
+     * answer, the host is deemed unreachable. A negative value will result
+     * in an IllegalArgumentException being thrown.
+     *
+     * @param   netif   the NetworkInterface through which the
+     *                    test will be done, or null for any interface
+     * @param   ttl     the maximum numbers of hops to try or 0 for the
+     *                  default
+     * @param   timeout the time, in milliseconds, before the call aborts
+     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if either {@code timeout}
+     *                          or {@code ttl} are negative.
+     * @return a {@code boolean}indicating if the address is reachable.
+     * @throws IOException if a network error occurs
+     * @since 1.5
+     */
+    public boolean isReachable(NetworkInterface netif, int ttl,
+                               int timeout) throws IOException {
+        if (ttl < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ttl can't be negative");
+        if (timeout < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout can't be negative");
+
+        return impl.isReachable(this, timeout, netif, ttl);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the host name for this IP address.
+     *
+     * <p>If this InetAddress was created with a host name,
+     * this host name will be remembered and returned;
+     * otherwise, a reverse name lookup will be performed
+     * and the result will be returned based on the system
+     * configured name lookup service. If a lookup of the name service
+     * is required, call
+     * {@link #getCanonicalHostName() getCanonicalHostName}.
+     *
+     * <p>If there is a security manager, its
+     * {@code checkConnect} method is first called
+     * with the hostname and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the operation is allowed.
+     * If the operation is not allowed, it will return
+     * the textual representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @return  the host name for this IP address, or if the operation
+     *    is not allowed by the security check, the textual
+     *    representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @see InetAddress#getCanonicalHostName
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     */
+    public String getHostName() {
+        return getHostName(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the hostname for this address.
+     * If the host is equal to null, then this address refers to any
+     * of the local machine's available network addresses.
+     * this is package private so SocketPermission can make calls into
+     * here without a security check.
+     *
+     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
+     * calls its {@code checkConnect} method
+     * with the hostname and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the calling code is allowed to know
+     * the hostname for this IP address, i.e., to connect to the host.
+     * If the operation is not allowed, it will return
+     * the textual representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @return  the host name for this IP address, or if the operation
+     *    is not allowed by the security check, the textual
+     *    representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @param check make security check if true
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     */
+    String getHostName(boolean check) {
+        if (holder().getHostName() == null) {
+            holder().hostName = InetAddress.getHostFromNameService(this, check);
+        }
+        return holder().getHostName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the fully qualified domain name for this IP address.
+     * Best effort method, meaning we may not be able to return
+     * the FQDN depending on the underlying system configuration.
+     *
+     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
+     * calls its {@code checkConnect} method
+     * with the hostname and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the calling code is allowed to know
+     * the hostname for this IP address, i.e., to connect to the host.
+     * If the operation is not allowed, it will return
+     * the textual representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @return  the fully qualified domain name for this IP address,
+     *    or if the operation is not allowed by the security check,
+     *    the textual representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     *
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public String getCanonicalHostName() {
+        if (canonicalHostName == null) {
+            canonicalHostName =
+                InetAddress.getHostFromNameService(this, true);
+        }
+        return canonicalHostName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the hostname for this address.
+     *
+     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
+     * calls its {@code checkConnect} method
+     * with the hostname and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the calling code is allowed to know
+     * the hostname for this IP address, i.e., to connect to the host.
+     * If the operation is not allowed, it will return
+     * the textual representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @return  the host name for this IP address, or if the operation
+     *    is not allowed by the security check, the textual
+     *    representation of the IP address.
+     *
+     * @param check make security check if true
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     */
+    private static String getHostFromNameService(InetAddress addr, boolean check) {
+        String host = null;
+            try {
+                // first lookup the hostname
+                host = nameService.getHostByAddr(addr.getAddress());
+
+                /* check to see if calling code is allowed to know
+                 * the hostname for this IP address, ie, connect to the host
+                 */
+                if (check) {
+                    SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager();
+                    if (sec != null) {
+                        sec.checkConnect(host, -1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* now get all the IP addresses for this hostname,
+                 * and make sure one of them matches the original IP
+                 * address. We do this to try and prevent spoofing.
+                 */
+
+                InetAddress[] arr = InetAddress.getAllByName0(host, check);
+                boolean ok = false;
+
+                if(arr != null) {
+                    for(int i = 0; !ok && i < arr.length; i++) {
+                        ok = addr.equals(arr[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //XXX: if it looks a spoof just return the address?
+                if (!ok) {
+                    host = addr.getHostAddress();
+                    return host;
+                }
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                host = addr.getHostAddress();
+            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                host = addr.getHostAddress();
+                // let next provider resolve the hostname
+            }
+        return host;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the raw IP address of this {@code InetAddress}
+     * object. The result is in network byte order: the highest order
+     * byte of the address is in {@code getAddress()[0]}.
+     *
+     * @return  the raw IP address of this object.
+     */
+    public byte[] getAddress() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the IP address string in textual presentation.
+     *
+     * @return  the raw IP address in a string format.
+     * @since   1.0.2
+     */
+    public String getHostAddress() {
+        return null;
+     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a hashcode for this IP address.
+     *
+     * @return  a hash code value for this IP address.
+     */
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this object against the specified object.
+     * The result is {@code true} if and only if the argument is
+     * not {@code null} and it represents the same IP address as
+     * this object.
+     * <p>
+     * Two instances of {@code InetAddress} represent the same IP
+     * address if the length of the byte arrays returned by
+     * {@code getAddress} is the same for both, and each of the
+     * array components is the same for the byte arrays.
+     *
+     * @param   obj   the object to compare against.
+     * @return  {@code true} if the objects are the same;
+     *          {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getAddress()
+     */
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this IP address to a {@code String}. The
+     * string returned is of the form: hostname / literal IP
+     * address.
+     *
+     * If the host name is unresolved, no reverse name service lookup
+     * is performed. The hostname part will be represented by an empty string.
+     *
+     * @return  a string representation of this IP address.
+     */
+    public String toString() {
+        String hostName = holder().getHostName();
+        return Objects.toString(hostName, "")
+            + "/" + getHostAddress();
+    }
+
+    // mapping from host name to Addresses - either NameServiceAddresses (while
+    // still being looked-up by NameService(s)) or CachedAddresses when cached
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Addresses> cache =
+        new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    // CachedAddresses that have to expire are kept ordered in this NavigableSet
+    // which is scanned on each access
+    private static final NavigableSet<CachedAddresses> expirySet =
+        new ConcurrentSkipListSet<>();
+
+    // common interface
+    private interface Addresses {
+        InetAddress[] get() throws UnknownHostException;
+    }
+
+    // a holder for cached addresses with required metadata
+    private static final class CachedAddresses  implements Addresses, Comparable<CachedAddresses> {
+        private static final AtomicLong seq = new AtomicLong();
+        final String host;
+        final InetAddress[] inetAddresses;
+        final long expiryTime; // time of expiry (in terms of System.nanoTime())
+        final long id = seq.incrementAndGet(); // each instance is unique
+
+        CachedAddresses(String host, InetAddress[] inetAddresses, long expiryTime) {
+            this.host = host;
+            this.inetAddresses = inetAddresses;
+            this.expiryTime = expiryTime;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InetAddress[] get() throws UnknownHostException {
+            if (inetAddresses == null) {
+                throw new UnknownHostException(host);
+            }
+            return inetAddresses;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(CachedAddresses other) {
+            // natural order is expiry time -
+            // compare difference of expiry times rather than
+            // expiry times directly, to avoid possible overflow.
+            // (see System.nanoTime() recommendations...)
+            long diff = this.expiryTime - other.expiryTime;
+            if (diff < 0L) return -1;
+            if (diff > 0L) return 1;
+            // ties are broken using unique id
+            return Long.compare(this.id, other.id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // a name service lookup based Addresses implementation which replaces itself
+    // in cache when the result is obtained
+    private static final class NameServiceAddresses implements Addresses {
+        private final String host;
+        private final InetAddress reqAddr;
+
+        NameServiceAddresses(String host, InetAddress reqAddr) {
+            this.host = host;
+            this.reqAddr = reqAddr;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InetAddress[] get() throws UnknownHostException {
+            Addresses addresses;
+            // only one thread is doing lookup to name service
+            // for particular host at any time.
+            synchronized (this) {
+                // re-check that we are still us + re-install us if slot empty
+                addresses = cache.putIfAbsent(host, this);
+                if (addresses == null) {
+                    // this can happen when we were replaced by CachedAddresses in
+                    // some other thread, then CachedAddresses expired and were
+                    // removed from cache while we were waiting for lock...
+                    addresses = this;
+                }
+                // still us ?
+                if (addresses == this) {
+                    // lookup name services
+                    InetAddress[] inetAddresses;
+                    UnknownHostException ex;
+                    int cachePolicy;
+                    try {
+                        inetAddresses = getAddressesFromNameService(host, reqAddr);
+                        ex = null;
+                        cachePolicy = InetAddressCachePolicy.get();
+                    } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+                        inetAddresses = null;
+                        ex = uhe;
+                        cachePolicy = InetAddressCachePolicy.getNegative();
+                    }
+                    // remove or replace us with cached addresses according to cachePolicy
+                    if (cachePolicy == InetAddressCachePolicy.NEVER) {
+                        cache.remove(host, this);
+                    } else {
+                        CachedAddresses cachedAddresses = new CachedAddresses(
+                            host,
+                            inetAddresses,
+                            cachePolicy == InetAddressCachePolicy.FOREVER
+                            ? 0L
+                            // cachePolicy is in [s] - we need [ns]
+                            : System.nanoTime() + 1000_000_000L * cachePolicy
+                        );
+                        if (cache.replace(host, this, cachedAddresses) &&
+                            cachePolicy != InetAddressCachePolicy.FOREVER) {
+                            // schedule expiry
+                            expirySet.add(cachedAddresses);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (inetAddresses == null) {
+                        throw ex == null ? new UnknownHostException(host) : ex;
+                    }
+                    return inetAddresses;
+                }
+                // else addresses != this
+            }
+            // delegate to different addresses when we are already replaced
+            // but outside of synchronized block to avoid any chance of dead-locking
+            return addresses.get();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * NameService provides host and address lookup service
+     *
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    private interface NameService {
+
+        /**
+         * Lookup a host mapping by name. Retrieve the IP addresses
+         * associated with a host
+         *
+         * @param host the specified hostname
+         * @return array of IP addresses for the requested host
+         * @throws UnknownHostException
+         *             if no IP address for the {@code host} could be found
+         */
+        InetAddress[] lookupAllHostAddr(String host)
+                throws UnknownHostException;
+
+        /**
+         * Lookup the host corresponding to the IP address provided
+         *
+         * @param addr byte array representing an IP address
+         * @return {@code String} representing the host name mapping
+         * @throws UnknownHostException
+         *             if no host found for the specified IP address
+         */
+        String getHostByAddr(byte[] addr) throws UnknownHostException;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default NameService implementation, which delegates to the underlying
+     * OS network libraries to resolve host address mappings.
+     *
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    private static final class PlatformNameService implements NameService {
+
+        public InetAddress[] lookupAllHostAddr(String host)
+            throws UnknownHostException
+        {
+            return impl.lookupAllHostAddr(host);
+        }
+
+        public String getHostByAddr(byte[] addr)
+            throws UnknownHostException
+        {
+            return impl.getHostByAddr(addr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The HostsFileNameService provides host address mapping
+     * by reading the entries in a hosts file, which is specified by
+     * {@code jdk.net.hosts.file} system property
+     *
+     * <p>The file format is that which corresponds with the /etc/hosts file
+     * IP Address host alias list.
+     *
+     * <p>When the file lookup is enabled it replaces the default NameService
+     * implementation
+     *
+     * @since 9
+     */
+    private static final class HostsFileNameService implements NameService {
+
+        private final String hostsFile;
+
+        public HostsFileNameService (String hostsFileName) {
+            this.hostsFile = hostsFileName;
+        }
+
+        private  String addrToString(byte addr[]) {
+          String stringifiedAddress = null;
+
+            if (addr.length == Inet4Address.INADDRSZ) {
+                stringifiedAddress = Inet4Address.numericToTextFormat(addr);
+            } else { // treat as an IPV6 jobby
+                byte[] newAddr
+                    = IPAddressUtil.convertFromIPv4MappedAddress(addr);
+                if (newAddr != null) {
+                   stringifiedAddress = Inet4Address.numericToTextFormat(addr);
+                } else {
+                    stringifiedAddress = Inet6Address.numericToTextFormat(addr);
+                }
+            }
+            return stringifiedAddress;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Lookup the host name  corresponding to the IP address provided.
+         * Search the configured host file a host name corresponding to
+         * the specified IP address.
+         *
+         * @param addr byte array representing an IP address
+         * @return {@code String} representing the host name mapping
+         * @throws UnknownHostException
+         *             if no host found for the specified IP address
+         */
+        @Override
+        public String getHostByAddr(byte[] addr) throws UnknownHostException {
+            String hostEntry;
+            String host = null;
+
+            String addrString = addrToString(addr);
+            try (Scanner hostsFileScanner = new Scanner(new File(hostsFile), "UTF-8")) {
+                while (hostsFileScanner.hasNextLine()) {
+                    hostEntry = hostsFileScanner.nextLine();
+                    if (!hostEntry.startsWith("#")) {
+                        hostEntry = removeComments(hostEntry);
+                        if (hostEntry.contains(addrString)) {
+                            host = extractHost(hostEntry, addrString);
+                            if (host != null) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                throw new UnknownHostException("Unable to resolve address "
+                        + addrString + " as hosts file " + hostsFile
+                        + " not found ");
+            }
+
+            if ((host == null) || (host.equals("")) || (host.equals(" "))) {
+                throw new UnknownHostException("Requested address "
+                        + addrString
+                        + " resolves to an invalid entry in hosts file "
+                        + hostsFile);
+            }
+            return host;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Lookup a host mapping by name. Retrieve the IP addresses
+         * associated with a host.
+         *
+         * <p>Search the configured hosts file for the addresses assocaited with
+         * with the specified host name.
+         *
+         * @param host the specified hostname
+         * @return array of IP addresses for the requested host
+         * @throws UnknownHostException
+         *             if no IP address for the {@code host} could be found
+         */
+        public InetAddress[] lookupAllHostAddr(String host)
+                throws UnknownHostException {
+            String hostEntry;
+            String addrStr = null;
+            InetAddress[] res = null;
+            byte addr[] = new byte[4];
+            ArrayList<InetAddress> inetAddresses = null;
+
+            // lookup the file and create a list InetAddress for the specfied host
+            try (Scanner hostsFileScanner = new Scanner(new File(hostsFile), "UTF-8")) {
+                while (hostsFileScanner.hasNextLine()) {
+                    hostEntry = hostsFileScanner.nextLine();
+                    if (!hostEntry.startsWith("#")) {
+                        hostEntry = removeComments(hostEntry);
+                        if (hostEntry.contains(host)) {
+                            addrStr = extractHostAddr(hostEntry, host);
+                            if ((addrStr != null) && (!addrStr.equals(""))) {
+                                addr = createAddressByteArray(addrStr);
+                                if (inetAddresses == null) {
+                                    inetAddresses = new ArrayList<>(1);
+                                }
+                                if (addr != null) {
+                                    inetAddresses.add(InetAddress.getByAddress(host, addr));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                throw new UnknownHostException("Unable to resolve host " + host
+                        + " as hosts file " + hostsFile + " not found ");
+            }
+
+            if (inetAddresses != null) {
+                res = inetAddresses.toArray(new InetAddress[inetAddresses.size()]);
+            } else {
+                throw new UnknownHostException("Unable to resolve host " + host
+                        + " in hosts file " + hostsFile);
+            }
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        private String removeComments(String hostsEntry) {
+            String filteredEntry = hostsEntry;
+            int hashIndex;
+
+            if ((hashIndex = hostsEntry.indexOf("#")) != -1) {
+                filteredEntry = hostsEntry.substring(0, hashIndex);
+            }
+            return filteredEntry;
+        }
+
+        private byte [] createAddressByteArray(String addrStr) {
+            byte[] addrArray;
+            // check if IPV4 address - most likely
+            addrArray = IPAddressUtil.textToNumericFormatV4(addrStr);
+            if (addrArray == null) {
+                addrArray = IPAddressUtil.textToNumericFormatV6(addrStr);
+            }
+            return addrArray;
+        }
+
+        /** host to ip address mapping */
+        private String extractHostAddr(String hostEntry, String host) {
+            String[] mapping = hostEntry.split("\\s+");
+            String hostAddr = null;
+
+            if (mapping.length >= 2) {
+                // look at the host aliases
+                for (int i = 1; i < mapping.length; i++) {
+                    if (mapping[i].equalsIgnoreCase(host)) {
+                        hostAddr = mapping[0];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return hostAddr;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * IP Address to host mapping
+         * use first host alias in list
+         */
+        private String extractHost(String hostEntry, String addrString) {
+            String[] mapping = hostEntry.split("\\s+");
+            String host = null;
+
+            if (mapping.length >= 2) {
+                if (mapping[0].equalsIgnoreCase(addrString)) {
+                    host = mapping[1];
+                }
+            }
+            return host;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final InetAddressImpl  impl;
+
+    static {
+        // create the impl
+        impl = InetAddressImplFactory.create();
+
+        // create name service
+        nameService = createNameService();
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an instance of the NameService interface based on
+     * the setting of the {@codejdk.net.hosts.file} system property.
+     *
+     * <p>The default NameService is the PlatformNameService, which typically
+     * delegates name and address resolution calls to the underlying
+     * OS network libraries.
+     *
+     * <p> A HostsFileNameService is created if the {@code jdk.net.hosts.file}
+     * system property is set. If the specified file doesn't exist, the name or
+     * address lookup will result in an UnknownHostException. Thus, non existent
+     * hosts file is handled as if the file is empty.
+     *
+     * @return a NameService
+     */
+    private static NameService createNameService() {
+
+        String hostsFileName =
+                GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty("jdk.net.hosts.file");
+        NameService theNameService;
+        if (hostsFileName != null) {
+            theNameService = new HostsFileNameService(hostsFileName);
+        } else {
+            theNameService = new PlatformNameService();
+        }
+        return theNameService;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an InetAddress based on the provided host name and IP address.
+     * No name service is checked for the validity of the address.
+     *
+     * <p> The host name can either be a machine name, such as
+     * "{@code java.sun.com}", or a textual representation of its IP
+     * address.
+     * <p> No validity checking is done on the host name either.
+     *
+     * <p> If addr specifies an IPv4 address an instance of Inet4Address
+     * will be returned; otherwise, an instance of Inet6Address
+     * will be returned.
+     *
+     * <p> IPv4 address byte array must be 4 bytes long and IPv6 byte array
+     * must be 16 bytes long
+     *
+     * @param host the specified host
+     * @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
+     * @return  an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address.
+     * @exception  UnknownHostException  if IP address is of illegal length
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public static InetAddress getByAddress(String host, byte[] addr)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+        if (host != null && host.length() > 0 && host.charAt(0) == '[') {
+            if (host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
+                host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
+            }
+        }
+        if (addr != null) {
+            if (addr.length == Inet4Address.INADDRSZ) {
+                return new Inet4Address(host, addr);
+            } else if (addr.length == Inet6Address.INADDRSZ) {
+                byte[] newAddr
+                    = IPAddressUtil.convertFromIPv4MappedAddress(addr);
+                if (newAddr != null) {
+                    return new Inet4Address(host, newAddr);
+                } else {
+                    return new Inet6Address(host, addr);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        throw new UnknownHostException("addr is of illegal length");
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Determines the IP address of a host, given the host's name.
+     *
+     * <p> The host name can either be a machine name, such as
+     * "{@code java.sun.com}", or a textual representation of its
+     * IP address. If a literal IP address is supplied, only the
+     * validity of the address format is checked.
+     *
+     * <p> For {@code host} specified in literal IPv6 address,
+     * either the form defined in RFC 2732 or the literal IPv6 address
+     * format defined in RFC 2373 is accepted. IPv6 scoped addresses are also
+     * supported. See <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a> for a description of IPv6
+     * scoped addresses.
+     *
+     * <p> If the host is {@code null} then an {@code InetAddress}
+     * representing an address of the loopback interface is returned.
+     * See <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt">RFC&nbsp;3330</a>
+     * section&nbsp;2 and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt">RFC&nbsp;2373</a>
+     * section&nbsp;2.5.3. </p>
+     *
+     * @param      host   the specified host, or {@code null}.
+     * @return     an IP address for the given host name.
+     * @exception  UnknownHostException  if no IP address for the
+     *               {@code host} could be found, or if a scope_id was specified
+     *               for a global IPv6 address.
+     * @exception  SecurityException if a security manager exists
+     *             and its checkConnect method doesn't allow the operation
+     */
+    public static InetAddress getByName(String host)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+        return InetAddress.getAllByName(host)[0];
+    }
+
+    // called from deployment cache manager
+    private static InetAddress getByName(String host, InetAddress reqAddr)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+        return InetAddress.getAllByName(host, reqAddr)[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given the name of a host, returns an array of its IP addresses,
+     * based on the configured name service on the system.
+     *
+     * <p> The host name can either be a machine name, such as
+     * "{@code java.sun.com}", or a textual representation of its IP
+     * address. If a literal IP address is supplied, only the
+     * validity of the address format is checked.
+     *
+     * <p> For {@code host} specified in <i>literal IPv6 address</i>,
+     * either the form defined in RFC 2732 or the literal IPv6 address
+     * format defined in RFC 2373 is accepted. A literal IPv6 address may
+     * also be qualified by appending a scoped zone identifier or scope_id.
+     * The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described
+     * <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a>.
+     * <p> If the host is {@code null} then an {@code InetAddress}
+     * representing an address of the loopback interface is returned.
+     * See <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt">RFC&nbsp;3330</a>
+     * section&nbsp;2 and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt">RFC&nbsp;2373</a>
+     * section&nbsp;2.5.3. </p>
+     *
+     * <p> If there is a security manager and {@code host} is not
+     * null and {@code host.length() } is not equal to zero, the
+     * security manager's
+     * {@code checkConnect} method is called
+     * with the hostname and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the operation is allowed.
+     *
+     * @param      host   the name of the host, or {@code null}.
+     * @return     an array of all the IP addresses for a given host name.
+     *
+     * @exception  UnknownHostException  if no IP address for the
+     *               {@code host} could be found, or if a scope_id was specified
+     *               for a global IPv6 address.
+     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
+     *               {@code checkConnect} method doesn't allow the operation.
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     */
+    public static InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+        return getAllByName(host, null);
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host, InetAddress reqAddr)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+
+        if (host == null || host.length() == 0) {
+            InetAddress[] ret = new InetAddress[1];
+            ret[0] = impl.loopbackAddress();
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        boolean ipv6Expected = false;
+        if (host.charAt(0) == '[') {
+            // This is supposed to be an IPv6 literal
+            if (host.length() > 2 && host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
+                host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
+                ipv6Expected = true;
+            } else {
+                // This was supposed to be a IPv6 address, but it's not!
+                throw new UnknownHostException(host + ": invalid IPv6 address");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if host is an IP address, we won't do further lookup
+        if (Character.digit(host.charAt(0), 16) != -1
+            || (host.charAt(0) == ':')) {
+            byte[] addr = null;
+            int numericZone = -1;
+            String ifname = null;
+            // see if it is IPv4 address
+            addr = IPAddressUtil.textToNumericFormatV4(host);
+            if (addr == null) {
+                // This is supposed to be an IPv6 literal
+                // Check if a numeric or string zone id is present
+                int pos;
+                if ((pos=host.indexOf ('%')) != -1) {
+                    numericZone = checkNumericZone (host);
+                    if (numericZone == -1) { /* remainder of string must be an ifname */
+                        ifname = host.substring (pos+1);
+                    }
+                }
+                if ((addr = IPAddressUtil.textToNumericFormatV6(host)) == null && host.contains(":")) {
+                    throw new UnknownHostException(host + ": invalid IPv6 address");
+                }
+            } else if (ipv6Expected) {
+                // Means an IPv4 litteral between brackets!
+                throw new UnknownHostException("["+host+"]");
+            }
+            InetAddress[] ret = new InetAddress[1];
+            if(addr != null) {
+                if (addr.length == Inet4Address.INADDRSZ) {
+                    ret[0] = new Inet4Address(null, addr);
+                } else {
+                    if (ifname != null) {
+                        ret[0] = new Inet6Address(null, addr, ifname);
+                    } else {
+                        ret[0] = new Inet6Address(null, addr, numericZone);
+                    }
+                }
+                return ret;
+            }
+        } else if (ipv6Expected) {
+            // We were expecting an IPv6 Litteral, but got something else
+            throw new UnknownHostException("["+host+"]");
+        }
+        return getAllByName0(host, reqAddr, true, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the loopback address.
+     * <p>
+     * The InetAddress returned will represent the IPv4
+     * loopback address, 127.0.0.1, or the IPv6 loopback
+     * address, ::1. The IPv4 loopback address returned
+     * is only one of many in the form 127.*.*.*
+     *
+     * @return  the InetAddress loopback instance.
+     * @since 1.7
+     */
+    public static InetAddress getLoopbackAddress() {
+        return impl.loopbackAddress();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * check if the literal address string has %nn appended
+     * returns -1 if not, or the numeric value otherwise.
+     *
+     * %nn may also be a string that represents the displayName of
+     * a currently available NetworkInterface.
+     */
+    private static int checkNumericZone (String s) throws UnknownHostException {
+        int percent = s.indexOf ('%');
+        int slen = s.length();
+        int digit, zone=0;
+        if (percent == -1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        for (int i=percent+1; i<slen; i++) {
+            char c = s.charAt(i);
+            if (c == ']') {
+                if (i == percent+1) {
+                    /* empty per-cent field */
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            if ((digit = Character.digit (c, 10)) < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            zone = (zone * 10) + digit;
+        }
+        return zone;
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress[] getAllByName0 (String host)
+        throws UnknownHostException
+    {
+        return getAllByName0(host, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * package private so SocketPermission can call it
+     */
+    static InetAddress[] getAllByName0 (String host, boolean check)
+        throws UnknownHostException  {
+        return getAllByName0 (host, null, check, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Designated lookup method.
+     *
+     * @param host host name to look up
+     * @param reqAddr requested address to be the 1st in returned array
+     * @param check perform security check
+     * @param useCache use cached value if not expired else always
+     *                 perform name service lookup (and cache the result)
+     * @return array of InetAddress(es)
+     * @throws UnknownHostException if host name is not found
+     */
+    private static InetAddress[] getAllByName0(String host,
+                                               InetAddress reqAddr,
+                                               boolean check,
+                                               boolean useCache)
+        throws UnknownHostException  {
+
+        /* If it gets here it is presumed to be a hostname */
+
+        /* make sure the connection to the host is allowed, before we
+         * give out a hostname
+         */
+        if (check) {
+            SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
+            if (security != null) {
+                security.checkConnect(host, -1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remove expired addresses from cache - expirySet keeps them ordered
+        // by expiry time so we only need to iterate the prefix of the NavigableSet...
+        long now = System.nanoTime();
+        for (CachedAddresses caddrs : expirySet) {
+            // compare difference of time instants rather than
+            // time instants directly, to avoid possible overflow.
+            // (see System.nanoTime() recommendations...)
+            if ((caddrs.expiryTime - now) < 0L) {
+                // ConcurrentSkipListSet uses weakly consistent iterator,
+                // so removing while iterating is OK...
+                if (expirySet.remove(caddrs)) {
+                    // ... remove from cache
+                    cache.remove(caddrs.host, caddrs);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // we encountered 1st element that expires in future
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // look-up or remove from cache
+        Addresses addrs;
+        if (useCache) {
+            addrs = cache.get(host);
+        } else {
+            addrs = cache.remove(host);
+            if (addrs != null) {
+                if (addrs instanceof CachedAddresses) {
+                    // try removing from expirySet too if CachedAddresses
+                    expirySet.remove(addrs);
+                }
+                addrs = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (addrs == null) {
+            // create a NameServiceAddresses instance which will look up
+            // the name service and install it within cache...
+            Addresses oldAddrs = cache.putIfAbsent(
+                host,
+                addrs = new NameServiceAddresses(host, reqAddr)
+            );
+            if (oldAddrs != null) { // lost putIfAbsent race
+                addrs = oldAddrs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ask Addresses to get an array of InetAddress(es) and clone it
+        return addrs.get().clone();
+    }
+
+    static InetAddress[] getAddressesFromNameService(String host, InetAddress reqAddr)
+        throws UnknownHostException
+    {
+        InetAddress[] addresses = null;
+        UnknownHostException ex = null;
+
+            try {
+                addresses = nameService.lookupAllHostAddr(host);
+            } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+                if (host.equalsIgnoreCase("localhost")) {
+                    addresses = new InetAddress[] { impl.loopbackAddress() };
+                }
+                else {
+                    ex = uhe;
+                }
+            }
+
+        if (addresses == null) {
+            throw ex == null ? new UnknownHostException(host) : ex;
+        }
+
+        // More to do?
+        if (reqAddr != null && addresses.length > 1 && !addresses[0].equals(reqAddr)) {
+            // Find it?
+            int i = 1;
+            for (; i < addresses.length; i++) {
+                if (addresses[i].equals(reqAddr)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // Rotate
+            if (i < addresses.length) {
+                InetAddress tmp, tmp2 = reqAddr;
+                for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+                    tmp = addresses[j];
+                    addresses[j] = tmp2;
+                    tmp2 = tmp;
+                }
+                addresses[i] = tmp2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an {@code InetAddress} object given the raw IP address .
+     * The argument is in network byte order: the highest order
+     * byte of the address is in {@code getAddress()[0]}.
+     *
+     * <p> This method doesn't block, i.e. no reverse name service lookup
+     * is performed.
+     *
+     * <p> IPv4 address byte array must be 4 bytes long and IPv6 byte array
+     * must be 16 bytes long
+     *
+     * @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
+     * @return  an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address.
+     * @exception  UnknownHostException  if IP address is of illegal length
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public static InetAddress getByAddress(byte[] addr)
+        throws UnknownHostException {
+        return getByAddress(null, addr);
+    }
+
+    private static final class CachedLocalHost {
+        final String host;
+        final InetAddress addr;
+        final long expiryTime = System.nanoTime() + 5000_000_000L; // now + 5s;
+
+        CachedLocalHost(String host, InetAddress addr) {
+            this.host = host;
+            this.addr = addr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static volatile CachedLocalHost cachedLocalHost;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the address of the local host. This is achieved by retrieving
+     * the name of the host from the system, then resolving that name into
+     * an {@code InetAddress}.
+     *
+     * <P>Note: The resolved address may be cached for a short period of time.
+     * </P>
+     *
+     * <p>If there is a security manager, its
+     * {@code checkConnect} method is called
+     * with the local host name and {@code -1}
+     * as its arguments to see if the operation is allowed.
+     * If the operation is not allowed, an InetAddress representing
+     * the loopback address is returned.
+     *
+     * @return     the address of the local host.
+     *
+     * @exception  UnknownHostException  if the local host name could not
+     *             be resolved into an address.
+     *
+     * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
+     * @see java.net.InetAddress#getByName(java.lang.String)
+     */
+    public static InetAddress getLocalHost() throws UnknownHostException {
+
+        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
+        try {
+            // is cached data still valid?
+            CachedLocalHost clh = cachedLocalHost;
+            if (clh != null && (clh.expiryTime - System.nanoTime()) >= 0L) {
+                if (security != null) {
+                    security.checkConnect(clh.host, -1);
+                }
+                return clh.addr;
+            }
+
+            String local = impl.getLocalHostName();
+
+            if (security != null) {
+                security.checkConnect(local, -1);
+            }
+
+            InetAddress localAddr;
+            if (local.equals("localhost")) {
+                // shortcut for "localhost" host name
+                localAddr = impl.loopbackAddress();
+            } else {
+                // call getAllByName0 without security checks and
+                // without using cached data
+                try {
+                    localAddr = getAllByName0(local, null, false, false)[0];
+                } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+                    // Rethrow with a more informative error message.
+                    UnknownHostException uhe2 =
+                        new UnknownHostException(local + ": " +
+                                                 uhe.getMessage());
+                    uhe2.initCause(uhe);
+                    throw uhe2;
+                }
+            }
+            cachedLocalHost = new CachedLocalHost(local, localAddr);
+            return localAddr;
+        } catch (java.lang.SecurityException e) {
+            return impl.loopbackAddress();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform class load-time initializations.
+     */
+    private static native void init();
+
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the InetAddress representing anyLocalAddress
+     * (typically 0.0.0.0 or ::0)
+     */
+    static InetAddress anyLocalAddress() {
+        return impl.anyLocalAddress();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Load and instantiate an underlying impl class
+     */
+    static InetAddressImpl loadImpl(String implName) {
+        Object impl = null;
+
+        /*
+         * Property "impl.prefix" will be prepended to the classname
+         * of the implementation object we instantiate, to which we
+         * delegate the real work (like native methods).  This
+         * property can vary across implementations of the java.
+         * classes.  The default is an empty String "".
+         */
+        String prefix = GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty("impl.prefix", "");
+        try {
+            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+            Object tmp = Class.forName("java.net." + prefix + implName).newInstance();
+            impl = tmp;
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            System.err.println("Class not found: java.net." + prefix +
+                               implName + ":\ncheck impl.prefix property " +
+                               "in your properties file.");
+        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+            System.err.println("Could not instantiate: java.net." + prefix +
+                               implName + ":\ncheck impl.prefix property " +
+                               "in your properties file.");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            System.err.println("Cannot access class: java.net." + prefix +
+                               implName + ":\ncheck impl.prefix property " +
+                               "in your properties file.");
+        }
+
+        if (impl == null) {
+            try {
+                @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+                Object tmp = Class.forName(implName).newInstance();
+                impl = tmp;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new Error("System property impl.prefix incorrect");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (InetAddressImpl) impl;
+    }
+
+    private void readObjectNoData (ObjectInputStream s) throws
+                         IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        if (getClass().getClassLoader() != null) {
+            throw new SecurityException ("invalid address type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE
+            = jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
+    private static final long FIELDS_OFFSET
+            = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(InetAddress.class, "holder");
+
+    private void readObject (ObjectInputStream s) throws
+                         IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        if (getClass().getClassLoader() != null) {
+            throw new SecurityException ("invalid address type");
+        }
+        GetField gf = s.readFields();
+        String host = (String)gf.get("hostName", null);
+        int address= gf.get("address", 0);
+        int family= gf.get("family", 0);
+        InetAddressHolder h = new InetAddressHolder(host, address, family);
+        UNSAFE.putObject(this, FIELDS_OFFSET, h);
+    }
+
+    /* needed because the serializable fields no longer exist */
+
+    /**
+     * @serialField hostName String
+     * @serialField address int
+     * @serialField family int
+     */
+    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
+        new ObjectStreamField("hostName", String.class),
+        new ObjectStreamField("address", int.class),
+        new ObjectStreamField("family", int.class),
+    };
+
+    private void writeObject (ObjectOutputStream s) throws
+                        IOException {
+        if (getClass().getClassLoader() != null) {
+            throw new SecurityException ("invalid address type");
+        }
+        PutField pf = s.putFields();
+        pf.put("hostName", holder().getHostName());
+        pf.put("address", holder().getAddress());
+        pf.put("family", holder().getFamily());
+        s.writeFields();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Simple factory to create the impl
+ */
+class InetAddressImplFactory {
+
+    static InetAddressImpl create() {
+        return InetAddress.loadImpl(isIPv6Supported() ?
+                                    "Inet6AddressImpl" : "Inet4AddressImpl");
+    }
+
+    static native boolean isIPv6Supported();
+}