src/hotspot/share/interpreter/linkResolver.cpp
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 46968 9119841280f4
child 47401 98e960939ef2
child 47684 c3c04b6e14f8
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/interpreter/linkResolver.cpp	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1747 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "precompiled.hpp"
+#include "classfile/defaultMethods.hpp"
+#include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
+#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
+#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
+#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
+#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
+#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
+#include "interpreter/bytecode.hpp"
+#include "interpreter/interpreterRuntime.hpp"
+#include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
+#include "logging/log.hpp"
+#include "logging/logStream.hpp"
+#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
+#include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
+#include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
+#include "oops/method.hpp"
+#include "oops/objArrayOop.hpp"
+#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
+#include "prims/jvm.h"
+#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
+#include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"
+#include "runtime/compilationPolicy.hpp"
+#include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.hpp"
+#include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
+#include "runtime/signature.hpp"
+#include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation of CallInfo
+
+
+void CallInfo::set_static(Klass* resolved_klass, const methodHandle& resolved_method, TRAPS) {
+  int vtable_index = Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index;
+  set_common(resolved_klass, resolved_klass, resolved_method, resolved_method, CallInfo::direct_call, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void CallInfo::set_interface(Klass* resolved_klass,
+                             Klass* selected_klass,
+                             const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                             const methodHandle& selected_method,
+                             int itable_index, TRAPS) {
+  // This is only called for interface methods. If the resolved_method
+  // comes from java/lang/Object, it can be the subject of a virtual call, so
+  // we should pick the vtable index from the resolved method.
+  // In that case, the caller must call set_virtual instead of set_interface.
+  assert(resolved_method->method_holder()->is_interface(), "");
+  assert(itable_index == resolved_method()->itable_index(), "");
+  set_common(resolved_klass, selected_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, CallInfo::itable_call, itable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_virtual(Klass* resolved_klass,
+                           Klass* selected_klass,
+                           const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                           const methodHandle& selected_method,
+                           int vtable_index, TRAPS) {
+  assert(vtable_index >= 0 || vtable_index == Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index, "valid index");
+  assert(vtable_index < 0 || !resolved_method->has_vtable_index() || vtable_index == resolved_method->vtable_index(), "");
+  CallKind kind = (vtable_index >= 0 && !resolved_method->can_be_statically_bound() ? CallInfo::vtable_call : CallInfo::direct_call);
+  set_common(resolved_klass, selected_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, kind, vtable_index, CHECK);
+  assert(!resolved_method->is_compiled_lambda_form(), "these must be handled via an invokehandle call");
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_handle(const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                          Handle resolved_appendix,
+                          Handle resolved_method_type, TRAPS) {
+  set_handle(SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass(), resolved_method, resolved_appendix, resolved_method_type, CHECK);
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_handle(Klass* resolved_klass,
+                          const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                          Handle resolved_appendix,
+                          Handle resolved_method_type, TRAPS) {
+  if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "resolved method is null");
+  }
+  assert(resolved_method->intrinsic_id() == vmIntrinsics::_invokeBasic ||
+         resolved_method->is_compiled_lambda_form(),
+         "linkMethod must return one of these");
+  int vtable_index = Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index;
+  assert(!resolved_method->has_vtable_index(), "");
+  set_common(resolved_klass, resolved_klass, resolved_method, resolved_method, CallInfo::direct_call, vtable_index, CHECK);
+  _resolved_appendix    = resolved_appendix;
+  _resolved_method_type = resolved_method_type;
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_common(Klass* resolved_klass,
+                          Klass* selected_klass,
+                          const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                          const methodHandle& selected_method,
+                          CallKind kind,
+                          int index,
+                          TRAPS) {
+  assert(resolved_method->signature() == selected_method->signature(), "signatures must correspond");
+  _resolved_klass  = resolved_klass;
+  _selected_klass  = selected_klass;
+  _resolved_method = resolved_method;
+  _selected_method = selected_method;
+  _call_kind       = kind;
+  _call_index      = index;
+  _resolved_appendix = Handle();
+  DEBUG_ONLY(verify());  // verify before making side effects
+
+  CompilationPolicy::compile_if_required(selected_method, THREAD);
+}
+
+// utility query for unreflecting a method
+CallInfo::CallInfo(Method* resolved_method, Klass* resolved_klass, TRAPS) {
+  Klass* resolved_method_holder = resolved_method->method_holder();
+  if (resolved_klass == NULL) { // 2nd argument defaults to holder of 1st
+    resolved_klass = resolved_method_holder;
+  }
+  _resolved_klass  = resolved_klass;
+  _selected_klass  = resolved_klass;
+  _resolved_method = resolved_method;
+  _selected_method = resolved_method;
+  // classify:
+  CallKind kind = CallInfo::unknown_kind;
+  int index = resolved_method->vtable_index();
+  if (resolved_method->can_be_statically_bound()) {
+    kind = CallInfo::direct_call;
+  } else if (!resolved_method_holder->is_interface()) {
+    // Could be an Object method inherited into an interface, but still a vtable call.
+    kind = CallInfo::vtable_call;
+  } else if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    // A default or miranda method.  Compute the vtable index.
+    index = LinkResolver::vtable_index_of_interface_method(resolved_klass,
+                           resolved_method);
+    assert(index >= 0 , "we should have valid vtable index at this point");
+
+    kind = CallInfo::vtable_call;
+  } else if (resolved_method->has_vtable_index()) {
+    // Can occur if an interface redeclares a method of Object.
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+    // Ensure that this is really the case.
+    Klass* object_klass = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
+    Method * object_resolved_method = object_klass->vtable().method_at(index);
+    assert(object_resolved_method->name() == resolved_method->name(),
+      "Object and interface method names should match at vtable index %d, %s != %s",
+      index, object_resolved_method->name()->as_C_string(), resolved_method->name()->as_C_string());
+    assert(object_resolved_method->signature() == resolved_method->signature(),
+      "Object and interface method signatures should match at vtable index %d, %s != %s",
+      index, object_resolved_method->signature()->as_C_string(), resolved_method->signature()->as_C_string());
+#endif // ASSERT
+
+    kind = CallInfo::vtable_call;
+  } else {
+    // A regular interface call.
+    kind = CallInfo::itable_call;
+    index = resolved_method->itable_index();
+  }
+  assert(index == Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index || index >= 0, "bad index %d", index);
+  _call_kind  = kind;
+  _call_index = index;
+  _resolved_appendix = Handle();
+  // Find or create a ResolvedMethod instance for this Method*
+  set_resolved_method_name(CHECK);
+
+  DEBUG_ONLY(verify());
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_resolved_method_name(TRAPS) {
+  Method* m = _resolved_method();
+  assert(m != NULL, "Should already have a Method*");
+  oop rmethod_name = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::find_resolved_method(m, CHECK);
+  _resolved_method_name = Handle(THREAD, rmethod_name);
+}
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+void CallInfo::verify() {
+  switch (call_kind()) {  // the meaning and allowed value of index depends on kind
+  case CallInfo::direct_call:
+    if (_call_index == Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index)  break;
+    // else fall through to check vtable index:
+  case CallInfo::vtable_call:
+    assert(resolved_klass()->verify_vtable_index(_call_index), "");
+    break;
+  case CallInfo::itable_call:
+    assert(resolved_method()->method_holder()->verify_itable_index(_call_index), "");
+    break;
+  case CallInfo::unknown_kind:
+    assert(call_kind() != CallInfo::unknown_kind, "CallInfo must be set");
+    break;
+  default:
+    fatal("Unexpected call kind %d", call_kind());
+  }
+}
+#endif //ASSERT
+
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+void CallInfo::print() {
+  ResourceMark rm;
+  const char* kindstr;
+  switch (_call_kind) {
+  case direct_call: kindstr = "direct";  break;
+  case vtable_call: kindstr = "vtable";  break;
+  case itable_call: kindstr = "itable";  break;
+  default         : kindstr = "unknown"; break;
+  }
+  tty->print_cr("Call %s@%d %s", kindstr, _call_index,
+                _resolved_method.is_null() ? "(none)" : _resolved_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
+}
+#endif
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation of LinkInfo
+
+LinkInfo::LinkInfo(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, const methodHandle& current_method, TRAPS) {
+   // resolve klass
+  _resolved_klass = pool->klass_ref_at(index, CHECK);
+
+  // Get name, signature, and static klass
+  _name          = pool->name_ref_at(index);
+  _signature     = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
+  _tag           = pool->tag_ref_at(index);
+  _current_klass = pool->pool_holder();
+  _current_method = current_method;
+
+  // Coming from the constant pool always checks access
+  _check_access  = true;
+}
+
+LinkInfo::LinkInfo(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+   // resolve klass
+  _resolved_klass = pool->klass_ref_at(index, CHECK);
+
+  // Get name, signature, and static klass
+  _name          = pool->name_ref_at(index);
+  _signature     = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
+  _tag           = pool->tag_ref_at(index);
+  _current_klass = pool->pool_holder();
+  _current_method = methodHandle();
+
+  // Coming from the constant pool always checks access
+  _check_access  = true;
+}
+
+char* LinkInfo::method_string() const {
+  return Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(_resolved_klass, _name, _signature);
+}
+
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+void LinkInfo::print() {
+  ResourceMark rm;
+  tty->print_cr("Link resolved_klass=%s name=%s signature=%s current_klass=%s check_access=%s",
+                _resolved_klass->name()->as_C_string(),
+                _name->as_C_string(),
+                _signature->as_C_string(),
+                _current_klass == NULL ? "(none)" : _current_klass->name()->as_C_string(),
+                _check_access ? "true" : "false");
+}
+#endif // PRODUCT
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Klass resolution
+
+void LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(Klass* ref_klass, Klass* sel_klass, TRAPS) {
+  Reflection::VerifyClassAccessResults vca_result =
+    Reflection::verify_class_access(ref_klass, InstanceKlass::cast(sel_klass), true);
+  if (vca_result != Reflection::ACCESS_OK) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char* msg = Reflection::verify_class_access_msg(ref_klass,
+                                                    InstanceKlass::cast(sel_klass),
+                                                    vca_result);
+    if (msg == NULL) {
+      Exceptions::fthrow(
+        THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+        vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+        "failed to access class %s from class %s",
+        sel_klass->external_name(),
+        ref_klass->external_name());
+    } else {
+      // Use module specific message returned by verify_class_access_msg().
+      Exceptions::fthrow(
+        THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+        vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+        "%s", msg);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Method resolution
+//
+// According to JVM spec. $5.4.3c & $5.4.3d
+
+// Look up method in klasses, including static methods
+// Then look up local default methods
+Method* LinkResolver::lookup_method_in_klasses(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                               bool checkpolymorphism,
+                                               bool in_imethod_resolve) {
+  NoSafepointVerifier nsv;  // Method* returned may not be reclaimed
+
+  Klass* klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  Symbol* name = link_info.name();
+  Symbol* signature = link_info.signature();
+
+  // Ignore overpasses so statics can be found during resolution
+  Method* result = klass->uncached_lookup_method(name, signature, Klass::skip_overpass);
+
+  if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
+    // Only consider klass and super klass for arrays
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass);
+
+  // JDK 8, JVMS 5.4.3.4: Interface method resolution should
+  // ignore static and non-public methods of java.lang.Object,
+  // like clone, finalize, registerNatives.
+  if (in_imethod_resolve &&
+      result != NULL &&
+      ik->is_interface() &&
+      (result->is_static() || !result->is_public()) &&
+      result->method_holder() == SystemDictionary::Object_klass()) {
+    result = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Before considering default methods, check for an overpass in the
+  // current class if a method has not been found.
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    result = ik->find_method(name, signature);
+  }
+
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    Array<Method*>* default_methods = ik->default_methods();
+    if (default_methods != NULL) {
+      result = InstanceKlass::find_method(default_methods, name, signature);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (checkpolymorphism && result != NULL) {
+    vmIntrinsics::ID iid = result->intrinsic_id();
+    if (MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic(iid)) {
+      // Do not link directly to these.  The VM must produce a synthetic one using lookup_polymorphic_method.
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// returns first instance method
+// Looks up method in classes, then looks up local default methods
+methodHandle LinkResolver::lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(Klass* klass,
+                                                             Symbol* name,
+                                                             Symbol* signature, TRAPS) {
+  Method* result = klass->uncached_lookup_method(name, signature, Klass::find_overpass);
+
+  while (result != NULL && result->is_static() && result->method_holder()->super() != NULL) {
+    Klass* super_klass = result->method_holder()->super();
+    result = super_klass->uncached_lookup_method(name, signature, Klass::find_overpass);
+  }
+
+  if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
+    // Only consider klass and super klass for arrays
+    return methodHandle(THREAD, result);
+  }
+
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    Array<Method*>* default_methods = InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->default_methods();
+    if (default_methods != NULL) {
+      result = InstanceKlass::find_method(default_methods, name, signature);
+      assert(result == NULL || !result->is_static(), "static defaults not allowed");
+    }
+  }
+  return methodHandle(THREAD, result);
+}
+
+int LinkResolver::vtable_index_of_interface_method(Klass* klass,
+                                                   const methodHandle& resolved_method) {
+
+  int vtable_index = Method::invalid_vtable_index;
+  Symbol* name = resolved_method->name();
+  Symbol* signature = resolved_method->signature();
+  InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass);
+
+  // First check in default method array
+  if (!resolved_method->is_abstract() && ik->default_methods() != NULL) {
+    int index = InstanceKlass::find_method_index(ik->default_methods(),
+                                                 name, signature, Klass::find_overpass,
+                                                 Klass::find_static, Klass::find_private);
+    if (index >= 0 ) {
+      vtable_index = ik->default_vtable_indices()->at(index);
+    }
+  }
+  if (vtable_index == Method::invalid_vtable_index) {
+    // get vtable_index for miranda methods
+    klassVtable vt = ik->vtable();
+    vtable_index = vt.index_of_miranda(name, signature);
+  }
+  return vtable_index;
+}
+
+Method* LinkResolver::lookup_method_in_interfaces(const LinkInfo& cp_info) {
+  InstanceKlass *ik = InstanceKlass::cast(cp_info.resolved_klass());
+
+  // Specify 'true' in order to skip default methods when searching the
+  // interfaces.  Function lookup_method_in_klasses() already looked for
+  // the method in the default methods table.
+  return ik->lookup_method_in_all_interfaces(cp_info.name(), cp_info.signature(), Klass::skip_defaults);
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::lookup_polymorphic_method(
+                                             const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                             Handle *appendix_result_or_null,
+                                             Handle *method_type_result,
+                                             TRAPS) {
+  Klass* klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  Symbol* name = link_info.name();
+  Symbol* full_signature = link_info.signature();
+
+  vmIntrinsics::ID iid = MethodHandles::signature_polymorphic_name_id(name);
+  if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    tty->print_cr("lookup_polymorphic_method iid=%s %s.%s%s",
+                  vmIntrinsics::name_at(iid), klass->external_name(),
+                  name->as_C_string(), full_signature->as_C_string());
+  }
+  if ((klass == SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass() ||
+       klass == SystemDictionary::VarHandle_klass()) &&
+      iid != vmIntrinsics::_none) {
+    if (MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_intrinsic(iid)) {
+      // Most of these do not need an up-call to Java to resolve, so can be done anywhere.
+      // Do not erase last argument type (MemberName) if it is a static linkTo method.
+      bool keep_last_arg = MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_static(iid);
+      TempNewSymbol basic_signature =
+        MethodHandles::lookup_basic_type_signature(full_signature, keep_last_arg, CHECK_NULL);
+      if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+        ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+        tty->print_cr("lookup_polymorphic_method %s %s => basic %s",
+                      name->as_C_string(),
+                      full_signature->as_C_string(),
+                      basic_signature->as_C_string());
+      }
+      methodHandle result = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic(iid,
+                                                              basic_signature,
+                                                              CHECK_NULL);
+      if (result.not_null()) {
+        assert(result->is_method_handle_intrinsic(), "MH.invokeBasic or MH.linkTo* intrinsic");
+        assert(result->intrinsic_id() != vmIntrinsics::_invokeGeneric, "wrong place to find this");
+        assert(basic_signature == result->signature(), "predict the result signature");
+        if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+          ttyLocker ttyl;
+          tty->print("lookup_polymorphic_method => intrinsic ");
+          result->print_on(tty);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    } else if (iid == vmIntrinsics::_invokeGeneric
+               && THREAD->can_call_java()
+               && appendix_result_or_null != NULL) {
+      // This is a method with type-checking semantics.
+      // We will ask Java code to spin an adapter method for it.
+      if (!MethodHandles::enabled()) {
+        // Make sure the Java part of the runtime has been booted up.
+        Klass* natives = SystemDictionary::MethodHandleNatives_klass();
+        if (natives == NULL || InstanceKlass::cast(natives)->is_not_initialized()) {
+          SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandleNatives(),
+                                            Handle(),
+                                            Handle(),
+                                            true,
+                                            CHECK_NULL);
+        }
+      }
+
+      Handle appendix;
+      Handle method_type;
+      methodHandle result = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_invoker(
+                                                            klass,
+                                                            name,
+                                                            full_signature,
+                                                            link_info.current_klass(),
+                                                            &appendix,
+                                                            &method_type,
+                                                            CHECK_NULL);
+      if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+        ttyLocker ttyl;
+        tty->print("lookup_polymorphic_method => (via Java) ");
+        result->print_on(tty);
+        tty->print("  lookup_polymorphic_method => appendix = ");
+        if (appendix.is_null())  tty->print_cr("(none)");
+        else                     appendix->print_on(tty);
+      }
+      if (result.not_null()) {
+#ifdef ASSERT
+        ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+
+        TempNewSymbol basic_signature =
+          MethodHandles::lookup_basic_type_signature(full_signature, CHECK_NULL);
+        int actual_size_of_params = result->size_of_parameters();
+        int expected_size_of_params = ArgumentSizeComputer(basic_signature).size();
+        // +1 for MethodHandle.this, +1 for trailing MethodType
+        if (!MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_static(iid))  expected_size_of_params += 1;
+        if (appendix.not_null())                                   expected_size_of_params += 1;
+        if (actual_size_of_params != expected_size_of_params) {
+          tty->print_cr("*** basic_signature=%s", basic_signature->as_C_string());
+          tty->print_cr("*** result for %s: ", vmIntrinsics::name_at(iid));
+          result->print();
+        }
+        assert(actual_size_of_params == expected_size_of_params,
+               "%d != %d", actual_size_of_params, expected_size_of_params);
+#endif //ASSERT
+
+        assert(appendix_result_or_null != NULL, "");
+        (*appendix_result_or_null) = appendix;
+        (*method_type_result)      = method_type;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::check_method_accessability(Klass* ref_klass,
+                                              Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                              Klass* sel_klass,
+                                              const methodHandle& sel_method,
+                                              TRAPS) {
+
+  AccessFlags flags = sel_method->access_flags();
+
+  // Special case:  arrays always override "clone". JVMS 2.15.
+  // If the resolved klass is an array class, and the declaring class
+  // is java.lang.Object and the method is "clone", set the flags
+  // to public.
+  //
+  // We'll check for the method name first, as that's most likely
+  // to be false (so we'll short-circuit out of these tests).
+  if (sel_method->name() == vmSymbols::clone_name() &&
+      sel_klass == SystemDictionary::Object_klass() &&
+      resolved_klass->is_array_klass()) {
+    // We need to change "protected" to "public".
+    assert(flags.is_protected(), "clone not protected?");
+    jint new_flags = flags.as_int();
+    new_flags = new_flags & (~JVM_ACC_PROTECTED);
+    new_flags = new_flags | JVM_ACC_PUBLIC;
+    flags.set_flags(new_flags);
+  }
+//  assert(extra_arg_result_or_null != NULL, "must be able to return extra argument");
+
+  if (!Reflection::verify_field_access(ref_klass,
+                                       resolved_klass,
+                                       sel_klass,
+                                       flags,
+                                       true)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+      "tried to access method %s.%s%s from class %s",
+      sel_klass->external_name(),
+      sel_method->name()->as_C_string(),
+      sel_method->signature()->as_C_string(),
+      ref_klass->external_name()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_method_statically(Bytecodes::Code code,
+                                                     const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  // This method is used only
+  // (1) in C2 from InlineTree::ok_to_inline (via ciMethod::check_call),
+  // and
+  // (2) in Bytecode_invoke::static_target
+  // It appears to fail when applied to an invokeinterface call site.
+  // FIXME: Remove this method and ciMethod::check_call; refactor to use the other LinkResolver entry points.
+  // resolve klass
+  if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
+    Klass* resolved_klass = SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass();
+    Symbol* method_name = vmSymbols::invoke_name();
+    Symbol* method_signature = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
+    Klass*  current_klass = pool->pool_holder();
+    LinkInfo link_info(resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass);
+    return resolve_method(link_info, code, THREAD);
+  }
+
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, methodHandle(), CHECK_NULL);
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+
+  if (pool->has_preresolution()
+      || (resolved_klass == SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass() &&
+          MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_name(resolved_klass, link_info.name()))) {
+    Method* result = ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(pool, index);
+    if (result != NULL) {
+      return methodHandle(THREAD, result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (code == Bytecodes::_invokeinterface) {
+    return resolve_interface_method(link_info, code, THREAD);
+  } else if (code == Bytecodes::_invokevirtual) {
+    return resolve_method(link_info, code, THREAD);
+  } else if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    return resolve_method(link_info, code, THREAD);
+  } else {
+    return resolve_interface_method(link_info, code, THREAD);
+  }
+}
+
+// Check and print a loader constraint violation message for method or interface method
+void LinkResolver::check_method_loader_constraints(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                                   const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                                                   const char* method_type, TRAPS) {
+  Handle current_loader(THREAD, link_info.current_klass()->class_loader());
+  Handle resolved_loader(THREAD, resolved_method->method_holder()->class_loader());
+
+  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+  Symbol* failed_type_symbol =
+    SystemDictionary::check_signature_loaders(link_info.signature(), current_loader,
+                                              resolved_loader, true, CHECK);
+  if (failed_type_symbol != NULL) {
+    const char* msg = "loader constraint violation: when resolving %s"
+      " \"%s\" the class loader (instance of %s) of the current class, %s,"
+      " and the class loader (instance of %s) for the method's defining class, %s, have"
+      " different Class objects for the type %s used in the signature";
+    char* sig = link_info.method_string();
+    const char* loader1_name = SystemDictionary::loader_name(current_loader());
+    char* current = link_info.current_klass()->name()->as_C_string();
+    const char* loader2_name = SystemDictionary::loader_name(resolved_loader());
+    char* target = resolved_method->method_holder()->name()->as_C_string();
+    char* failed_type_name = failed_type_symbol->as_C_string();
+    size_t buflen = strlen(msg) + strlen(sig) + strlen(loader1_name) +
+      strlen(current) + strlen(loader2_name) + strlen(target) +
+      strlen(failed_type_name) + strlen(method_type) + 1;
+    char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, buflen);
+    jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, msg, method_type, sig, loader1_name, current, loader2_name,
+                 target, failed_type_name);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), buf);
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::check_field_loader_constraints(Symbol* field, Symbol* sig,
+                                                  Klass* current_klass,
+                                                  Klass* sel_klass, TRAPS) {
+  Handle ref_loader(THREAD, current_klass->class_loader());
+  Handle sel_loader(THREAD, sel_klass->class_loader());
+
+  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);  // needed for check_signature_loaders
+  Symbol* failed_type_symbol =
+    SystemDictionary::check_signature_loaders(sig,
+                                              ref_loader, sel_loader,
+                                              false,
+                                              CHECK);
+  if (failed_type_symbol != NULL) {
+    const char* msg = "loader constraint violation: when resolving field"
+      " \"%s\" the class loader (instance of %s) of the referring class, "
+      "%s, and the class loader (instance of %s) for the field's resolved "
+      "type, %s, have different Class objects for that type";
+    char* field_name = field->as_C_string();
+    const char* loader1_name = SystemDictionary::loader_name(ref_loader());
+    char* sel = sel_klass->name()->as_C_string();
+    const char* loader2_name = SystemDictionary::loader_name(sel_loader());
+    char* failed_type_name = failed_type_symbol->as_C_string();
+    size_t buflen = strlen(msg) + strlen(field_name) + strlen(loader1_name) +
+                    strlen(sel) + strlen(loader2_name) + strlen(failed_type_name) + 1;
+    char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, buflen);
+    jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, msg, field_name, loader1_name, sel, loader2_name,
+                     failed_type_name);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), buf);
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_method(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                          Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
+
+  Handle nested_exception;
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+
+  // 1. For invokevirtual, cannot call an interface method
+  if (code == Bytecodes::_invokevirtual && resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Found interface %s, but class was expected",
+        resolved_klass->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // 2. check constant pool tag for called method - must be JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref
+  if (!link_info.tag().is_invalid() && !link_info.tag().is_method()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Method %s must be Methodref constant", link_info.method_string());
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // 3. lookup method in resolved klass and its super klasses
+  methodHandle resolved_method(THREAD, lookup_method_in_klasses(link_info, true, false));
+
+  // 4. lookup method in all the interfaces implemented by the resolved klass
+  if (resolved_method.is_null() && !resolved_klass->is_array_klass()) { // not found in the class hierarchy
+    resolved_method = methodHandle(THREAD, lookup_method_in_interfaces(link_info));
+
+    if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+      // JSR 292:  see if this is an implicitly generated method MethodHandle.linkToVirtual(*...), etc
+      resolved_method = lookup_polymorphic_method(link_info, (Handle*)NULL, (Handle*)NULL, THREAD);
+      if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+        nested_exception = Handle(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
+        CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 5. method lookup failed
+  if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG_CAUSE_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+                    Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                     link_info.name(),
+                                                     link_info.signature()),
+                    nested_exception, NULL);
+  }
+
+  // 5. access checks, access checking may be turned off when calling from within the VM.
+  Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+  if (link_info.check_access()) {
+    assert(current_klass != NULL , "current_klass should not be null");
+
+    // check if method can be accessed by the referring class
+    check_method_accessability(current_klass,
+                               resolved_klass,
+                               resolved_method->method_holder(),
+                               resolved_method,
+                               CHECK_NULL);
+
+    // check loader constraints
+    check_method_loader_constraints(link_info, resolved_method, "method", CHECK_NULL);
+  }
+
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+static void trace_method_resolution(const char* prefix,
+                                    Klass* klass,
+                                    Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                    const methodHandle& method,
+                                    bool logitables,
+                                    int index = -1) {
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+  ResourceMark rm;
+  Log(itables) logi;
+  LogStream lsi(logi.trace());
+  Log(vtables) logv;
+  LogStream lsv(logv.trace());
+  outputStream* st;
+  if (logitables) {
+    st = &lsi;
+  } else {
+    st = &lsv;
+  }
+  st->print("%s%s, compile-time-class:%s, method:%s, method_holder:%s, access_flags: ",
+            prefix,
+            (klass == NULL ? "<NULL>" : klass->internal_name()),
+            (resolved_klass == NULL ? "<NULL>" : resolved_klass->internal_name()),
+            Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                             method->name(),
+                                             method->signature()),
+            method->method_holder()->internal_name());
+  method->print_linkage_flags(st);
+  if (index != -1) {
+    st->print("vtable_index:%d", index);
+  }
+  st->cr();
+#endif // PRODUCT
+}
+
+// Do linktime resolution of a method in the interface within the context of the specied bytecode.
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_interface_method(const LinkInfo& link_info, Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
+
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+
+  // check if klass is interface
+  if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Found class %s, but interface was expected", resolved_klass->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // check constant pool tag for called method - must be JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref
+  if (!link_info.tag().is_invalid() && !link_info.tag().is_interface_method()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Method %s must be InterfaceMethodref constant", link_info.method_string());
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // lookup method in this interface or its super, java.lang.Object
+  // JDK8: also look for static methods
+  methodHandle resolved_method(THREAD, lookup_method_in_klasses(link_info, false, true));
+
+  if (resolved_method.is_null() && !resolved_klass->is_array_klass()) {
+    // lookup method in all the super-interfaces
+    resolved_method = methodHandle(THREAD, lookup_method_in_interfaces(link_info));
+  }
+
+  if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+    // no method found
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+                   Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                    link_info.name(),
+                                                    link_info.signature()));
+  }
+
+  if (link_info.check_access()) {
+    // JDK8 adds non-public interface methods, and accessability check requirement
+    Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+
+    assert(current_klass != NULL , "current_klass should not be null");
+
+    // check if method can be accessed by the referring class
+    check_method_accessability(current_klass,
+                               resolved_klass,
+                               resolved_method->method_holder(),
+                               resolved_method,
+                               CHECK_NULL);
+
+    check_method_loader_constraints(link_info, resolved_method, "interface method", CHECK_NULL);
+  }
+
+  if (code != Bytecodes::_invokestatic && resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expected instance not static method %s",
+                 Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                 resolved_method->name(), resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  if (code == Bytecodes::_invokeinterface && resolved_method->is_private()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+
+    Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "private interface method requires invokespecial, not invokeinterface: method %s, caller-class:%s",
+                 Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                  resolved_method->name(),
+                                                  resolved_method->signature()),
+                                                  (current_klass == NULL ? "<NULL>" : current_klass->internal_name()));
+     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, itables)) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s resolved interface method: caller-class:",
+                 Bytecodes::name(code));
+    trace_method_resolution(buf, link_info.current_klass(), resolved_klass,
+                            resolved_method, true);
+  }
+
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Field resolution
+
+void LinkResolver::check_field_accessability(Klass* ref_klass,
+                                             Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                             Klass* sel_klass,
+                                             const fieldDescriptor& fd,
+                                             TRAPS) {
+  if (!Reflection::verify_field_access(ref_klass,
+                                       resolved_klass,
+                                       sel_klass,
+                                       fd.access_flags(),
+                                       true)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+      "tried to access field %s.%s from class %s",
+      sel_klass->external_name(),
+      fd.name()->as_C_string(),
+      ref_klass->external_name()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_field_access(fieldDescriptor& fd, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, const methodHandle& method, Bytecodes::Code byte, TRAPS) {
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, method, CHECK);
+  resolve_field(fd, link_info, byte, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_field(fieldDescriptor& fd,
+                                 const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                 Bytecodes::Code byte, bool initialize_class,
+                                 TRAPS) {
+  assert(byte == Bytecodes::_getstatic || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic ||
+         byte == Bytecodes::_getfield  || byte == Bytecodes::_putfield  ||
+         byte == Bytecodes::_nofast_getfield  || byte == Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield  ||
+         (byte == Bytecodes::_nop && !link_info.check_access()), "bad field access bytecode");
+
+  bool is_static = (byte == Bytecodes::_getstatic || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
+  bool is_put    = (byte == Bytecodes::_putfield  || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic || byte == Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield);
+  // Check if there's a resolved klass containing the field
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  Symbol* field = link_info.name();
+  Symbol* sig = link_info.signature();
+
+  if (resolved_klass == NULL) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchFieldError(), field->as_C_string());
+  }
+
+  // Resolve instance field
+  Klass* sel_klass = resolved_klass->find_field(field, sig, &fd);
+  // check if field exists; i.e., if a klass containing the field def has been selected
+  if (sel_klass == NULL) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchFieldError(), field->as_C_string());
+  }
+
+  if (!link_info.check_access())
+    // Access checking may be turned off when calling from within the VM.
+    return;
+
+  // check access
+  Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+  check_field_accessability(current_klass, resolved_klass, sel_klass, fd, CHECK);
+
+  // check for errors
+  if (is_static != fd.is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char msg[200];
+    jio_snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Expected %s field %s.%s", is_static ? "static" : "non-static", resolved_klass->external_name(), fd.name()->as_C_string());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), msg);
+  }
+
+  // A final field can be modified only
+  // (1) by methods declared in the class declaring the field and
+  // (2) by the <clinit> method (in case of a static field)
+  //     or by the <init> method (in case of an instance field).
+  if (is_put && fd.access_flags().is_final()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    stringStream ss;
+
+    if (sel_klass != current_klass) {
+      ss.print("Update to %s final field %s.%s attempted from a different class (%s) than the field's declaring class",
+                is_static ? "static" : "non-static", resolved_klass->external_name(), fd.name()->as_C_string(),
+                current_klass->external_name());
+      THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(), ss.as_string());
+    }
+
+    if (fd.constants()->pool_holder()->major_version() >= 53) {
+      methodHandle m = link_info.current_method();
+      assert(!m.is_null(), "information about the current method must be available for 'put' bytecodes");
+      bool is_initialized_static_final_update = (byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic &&
+                                                 fd.is_static() &&
+                                                 !m()->is_static_initializer());
+      bool is_initialized_instance_final_update = ((byte == Bytecodes::_putfield || byte == Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield) &&
+                                                   !fd.is_static() &&
+                                                   !m->is_object_initializer());
+
+      if (is_initialized_static_final_update || is_initialized_instance_final_update) {
+        ss.print("Update to %s final field %s.%s attempted from a different method (%s) than the initializer method %s ",
+                 is_static ? "static" : "non-static", resolved_klass->external_name(), fd.name()->as_C_string(),
+                 m()->name()->as_C_string(),
+                 is_static ? "<clinit>" : "<init>");
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(), ss.as_string());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // initialize resolved_klass if necessary
+  // note 1: the klass which declared the field must be initialized (i.e, sel_klass)
+  //         according to the newest JVM spec (5.5, p.170) - was bug (gri 7/28/99)
+  //
+  // note 2: we don't want to force initialization if we are just checking
+  //         if the field access is legal; e.g., during compilation
+  if (is_static && initialize_class) {
+    sel_klass->initialize(CHECK);
+  }
+
+  if (sel_klass != current_klass) {
+    check_field_loader_constraints(field, sig, current_klass, sel_klass, CHECK);
+  }
+
+  // return information. note that the klass is set to the actual klass containing the
+  // field, otherwise access of static fields in superclasses will not work.
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Invoke resolution
+//
+// Naming conventions:
+//
+// resolved_method    the specified method (i.e., static receiver specified via constant pool index)
+// sel_method         the selected method  (selected via run-time lookup; e.g., based on dynamic receiver class)
+// resolved_klass     the specified klass  (i.e., specified via constant pool index)
+// recv_klass         the receiver klass
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_static_call(CallInfo& result,
+                                       const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                       bool initialize_class, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method = linktime_resolve_static_method(link_info, CHECK);
+
+  // The resolved class can change as a result of this resolution.
+  Klass* resolved_klass = resolved_method->method_holder();
+
+  // Initialize klass (this should only happen if everything is ok)
+  if (initialize_class && resolved_klass->should_be_initialized()) {
+    resolved_klass->initialize(CHECK);
+    // Use updated LinkInfo to reresolve with resolved method holder
+    LinkInfo new_info(resolved_klass, link_info.name(), link_info.signature(),
+                      link_info.current_klass(),
+                      link_info.check_access() ? LinkInfo::needs_access_check : LinkInfo::skip_access_check);
+    resolved_method = linktime_resolve_static_method(new_info, CHECK);
+  }
+
+  // setup result
+  result.set_static(resolved_klass, resolved_method, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_static_method(const LinkInfo& link_info, TRAPS) {
+
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+  if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    resolved_method = resolve_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokestatic, CHECK_NULL);
+  } else {
+    resolved_method = resolve_interface_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokestatic, CHECK_NULL);
+  }
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+
+  // check if static
+  if (!resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expected static method %s", Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                      resolved_method->name(),
+                                                      resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_special_call(CallInfo& result,
+                                        Handle recv,
+                                        const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                        TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method = linktime_resolve_special_method(link_info, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_special_method(result, resolved_method,
+                                 link_info.resolved_klass(),
+                                 link_info.current_klass(),
+                                 recv,
+                                 link_info.check_access(), CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_special_method(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                                           TRAPS) {
+
+  // Invokespecial is called for multiple special reasons:
+  // <init>
+  // local private method invocation, for classes and interfaces
+  // superclass.method, which can also resolve to a default method
+  // and the selected method is recalculated relative to the direct superclass
+  // superinterface.method, which explicitly does not check shadowing
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+
+  if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    resolved_method = resolve_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokespecial, CHECK_NULL);
+  } else {
+    resolved_method = resolve_interface_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokespecial, CHECK_NULL);
+  }
+
+  // check if method name is <init>, that it is found in same klass as static type
+  if (resolved_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name() &&
+      resolved_method->method_holder() != resolved_klass) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+      "%s: method %s%s not found",
+      resolved_klass->external_name(),
+      resolved_method->name()->as_C_string(),
+      resolved_method->signature()->as_C_string()
+    );
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // check if invokespecial's interface method reference is in an indirect superinterface
+  Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+  if (current_klass != NULL && resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    InstanceKlass* ck = InstanceKlass::cast(current_klass);
+    InstanceKlass *klass_to_check = !ck->is_anonymous() ?
+                                    ck :
+                                    InstanceKlass::cast(ck->host_klass());
+    // Disable verification for the dynamically-generated reflection bytecodes.
+    bool is_reflect = klass_to_check->is_subclass_of(
+                        SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass());
+
+    if (!is_reflect &&
+        !klass_to_check->is_same_or_direct_interface(resolved_klass)) {
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      char buf[200];
+      jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                   "Interface method reference: %s, is in an indirect superinterface of %s",
+                   Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                    resolved_method->name(),
+                                                    resolved_method->signature()),
+                   current_klass->external_name());
+      THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                 "Expecting non-static method %s",
+                 Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                  resolved_method->name(),
+                                                  resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, itables)) {
+    trace_method_resolution("invokespecial resolved method: caller-class:",
+                            current_klass, resolved_klass, resolved_method, true);
+  }
+
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_special_method(CallInfo& result,
+                                                  const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                                                  Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                                  Klass* current_klass,
+                                                  Handle recv,
+                                                  bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+  // resolved method is selected method unless we have an old-style lookup
+  // for a superclass method
+  // Invokespecial for a superinterface, resolved method is selected method,
+  // no checks for shadowing
+  methodHandle sel_method(THREAD, resolved_method());
+
+  if (check_access &&
+      // check if the method is not <init>
+      resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
+
+  // check if this is an old-style super call and do a new lookup if so
+        // a) check if ACC_SUPER flag is set for the current class
+    if ((current_klass->is_super() || !AllowNonVirtualCalls) &&
+        // b) check if the class of the resolved_klass is a superclass
+        // (not supertype in order to exclude interface classes) of the current class.
+        // This check is not performed for super.invoke for interface methods
+        // in super interfaces.
+        current_klass->is_subclass_of(resolved_klass) &&
+        current_klass != resolved_klass) {
+      // Lookup super method
+      Klass* super_klass = current_klass->super();
+      sel_method = lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(super_klass,
+                           resolved_method->name(),
+                           resolved_method->signature(), CHECK);
+      // check if found
+      if (sel_method.is_null()) {
+        ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+                  Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                            resolved_method->name(),
+                                            resolved_method->signature()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check that the class of objectref (the receiver) is the current class or interface,
+    // or a subtype of the current class or interface (the sender), otherwise invokespecial
+    // throws IllegalAccessError.
+    // The verifier checks that the sender is a subtype of the class in the I/MR operand.
+    // The verifier also checks that the receiver is a subtype of the sender, if the sender is
+    // a class.  If the sender is an interface, the check has to be performed at runtime.
+    InstanceKlass* sender = InstanceKlass::cast(current_klass);
+    sender = sender->is_anonymous() ? sender->host_klass() : sender;
+    if (sender->is_interface() && recv.not_null()) {
+      Klass* receiver_klass = recv->klass();
+      if (!receiver_klass->is_subtype_of(sender)) {
+        ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+        char buf[500];
+        jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                     "Receiver class %s must be the current class or a subtype of interface %s",
+                     receiver_klass->name()->as_C_string(),
+                     sender->name()->as_C_string());
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(), buf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (sel_method->is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expecting non-static method %s", Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                                                      resolved_method->name(),
+                                                                                      resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // check if abstract
+  if (sel_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                               sel_method->name(),
+                                               sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, itables)) {
+    trace_method_resolution("invokespecial selected method: resolved-class:",
+                            resolved_klass, resolved_klass, sel_method, true);
+  }
+
+  // setup result
+  result.set_static(resolved_klass, sel_method, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_call(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, Klass* receiver_klass,
+                                        const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                        bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method = linktime_resolve_virtual_method(link_info, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_virtual_method(result, resolved_method,
+                                 link_info.resolved_klass(),
+                                 recv, receiver_klass,
+                                 check_null_and_abstract, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_virtual_method(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                                           TRAPS) {
+  // normal method resolution
+  methodHandle resolved_method = resolve_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokevirtual, CHECK_NULL);
+
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name (), "should have been checked in verifier");
+
+  // check if private interface method
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  Klass* current_klass = link_info.current_klass();
+
+  // This is impossible, if resolve_klass is an interface, we've thrown icce in resolve_method
+  if (resolved_klass->is_interface() && resolved_method->is_private()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "private interface method requires invokespecial, not invokevirtual: method %s, caller-class:%s",
+                 Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                  resolved_method->name(),
+                                                  resolved_method->signature()),
+                   (current_klass == NULL ? "<NULL>" : current_klass->internal_name()));
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expecting non-static method %s", Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                                                                           resolved_method->name(),
+                                                                                           resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, vtables)) {
+    trace_method_resolution("invokevirtual resolved method: caller-class:",
+                            current_klass, resolved_klass, resolved_method, false);
+  }
+
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_virtual_method(CallInfo& result,
+                                                  const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                                                  Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                                  Handle recv,
+                                                  Klass* recv_klass,
+                                                  bool check_null_and_abstract,
+                                                  TRAPS) {
+
+  // setup default return values
+  int vtable_index = Method::invalid_vtable_index;
+  methodHandle selected_method;
+
+  // runtime method resolution
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && recv.is_null()) { // check if receiver exists
+    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
+  }
+
+  // Virtual methods cannot be resolved before its klass has been linked, for otherwise the Method*'s
+  // has not been rewritten, and the vtable initialized. Make sure to do this after the nullcheck, since
+  // a missing receiver might result in a bogus lookup.
+  assert(resolved_method->method_holder()->is_linked(), "must be linked");
+
+  // do lookup based on receiver klass using the vtable index
+  if (resolved_method->method_holder()->is_interface()) { // default or miranda method
+    vtable_index = vtable_index_of_interface_method(resolved_klass,
+                           resolved_method);
+    assert(vtable_index >= 0 , "we should have valid vtable index at this point");
+
+    selected_method = methodHandle(THREAD, recv_klass->method_at_vtable(vtable_index));
+  } else {
+    // at this point we are sure that resolved_method is virtual and not
+    // a default or miranda method; therefore, it must have a valid vtable index.
+    assert(!resolved_method->has_itable_index(), "");
+    vtable_index = resolved_method->vtable_index();
+    // We could get a negative vtable_index for final methods,
+    // because as an optimization they are they are never put in the vtable,
+    // unless they override an existing method.
+    // If we do get a negative, it means the resolved method is the the selected
+    // method, and it can never be changed by an override.
+    if (vtable_index == Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
+      assert(resolved_method->can_be_statically_bound(), "cannot override this method");
+      selected_method = resolved_method;
+    } else {
+      selected_method = methodHandle(THREAD, recv_klass->method_at_vtable(vtable_index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if method exists
+  if (selected_method.is_null()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                               resolved_method->name(),
+                                               resolved_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  // check if abstract
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && selected_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(resolved_klass,
+                                               selected_method->name(),
+                                               selected_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, vtables)) {
+    trace_method_resolution("invokevirtual selected method: receiver-class:",
+                            recv_klass, resolved_klass, selected_method,
+                            false, vtable_index);
+  }
+  // setup result
+  result.set_virtual(resolved_klass, recv_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, Klass* recv_klass,
+                                          const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                          bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  // throws linktime exceptions
+  methodHandle resolved_method = linktime_resolve_interface_method(link_info, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_interface_method(result, resolved_method,link_info.resolved_klass(),
+                                   recv, recv_klass, check_null_and_abstract, CHECK);
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_interface_method(const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                                             TRAPS) {
+  // normal interface method resolution
+  methodHandle resolved_method = resolve_interface_method(link_info, Bytecodes::_invokeinterface, CHECK_NULL);
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name (), "should have been checked in verifier");
+
+  return resolved_method;
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_interface_method(CallInfo& result,
+                                                    const methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                                                    Klass* resolved_klass,
+                                                    Handle recv,
+                                                    Klass* recv_klass,
+                                                    bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  // check if receiver exists
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && recv.is_null()) {
+    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
+  }
+
+  // check if receiver klass implements the resolved interface
+  if (!recv_klass->is_subtype_of(resolved_klass)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Class %s does not implement the requested interface %s",
+                 recv_klass->external_name(),
+                 resolved_klass->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // do lookup based on receiver klass
+  // This search must match the linktime preparation search for itable initialization
+  // to correctly enforce loader constraints for interface method inheritance
+  methodHandle sel_method = lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(recv_klass,
+                                                  resolved_method->name(),
+                                                  resolved_method->signature(), CHECK);
+  if (sel_method.is_null() && !check_null_and_abstract) {
+    // In theory this is a harmless placeholder value, but
+    // in practice leaving in null affects the nsk default method tests.
+    // This needs further study.
+    sel_method = resolved_method;
+  }
+  // check if method exists
+  if (sel_method.is_null()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+                   Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(recv_klass,
+                                                    resolved_method->name(),
+                                                    resolved_method->signature()));
+  }
+  // check access
+  // Throw Illegal Access Error if sel_method is not public.
+  if (!sel_method->is_public()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+              Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(recv_klass,
+                                               sel_method->name(),
+                                               sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+  // check if abstract
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && sel_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              Method::name_and_sig_as_C_string(recv_klass,
+                                               sel_method->name(),
+                                               sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  if (log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, itables)) {
+    trace_method_resolution("invokeinterface selected method: receiver-class:",
+                            recv_klass, resolved_klass, sel_method, true);
+  }
+  // setup result
+  if (!resolved_method->has_itable_index()) {
+    int vtable_index = resolved_method->vtable_index();
+    assert(vtable_index == sel_method->vtable_index(), "sanity check");
+    result.set_virtual(resolved_klass, recv_klass, resolved_method, sel_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+  } else {
+    int itable_index = resolved_method()->itable_index();
+    result.set_interface(resolved_klass, recv_klass, resolved_method, sel_method, itable_index, CHECK);
+  }
+}
+
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_interface_method_or_null(
+                                                 const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  methodHandle method_result = linktime_resolve_interface_method(link_info, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  } else {
+    return method_result;
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_virtual_method_or_null(
+                                                 const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  methodHandle method_result = linktime_resolve_virtual_method(link_info, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  } else {
+    return method_result;
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_call_or_null(
+                                                 Klass* receiver_klass,
+                                                 const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_virtual_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, link_info, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call_or_null(
+                                                 Klass* receiver_klass,
+                                                 const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_interface_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, link_info, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+int LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_vtable_index(Klass* receiver_klass,
+                                               const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_virtual_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, link_info,
+                       /*check_null_or_abstract*/false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return Method::invalid_vtable_index;
+  }
+  return info.vtable_index();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_static_call_or_null(const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_static_call(info, link_info, /*initialize_class*/false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_special_call_or_null(const LinkInfo& link_info) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_special_call(info, Handle(), link_info, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ConstantPool entries
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, Bytecodes::Code byte, TRAPS) {
+  switch (byte) {
+    case Bytecodes::_invokestatic   : resolve_invokestatic   (result,       pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokespecial  : resolve_invokespecial  (result, recv, pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual  : resolve_invokevirtual  (result, recv, pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokehandle   : resolve_invokehandle   (result,       pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic  : resolve_invokedynamic  (result,       pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface: resolve_invokeinterface(result, recv, pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    default                         :                                                            break;
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(CallInfo& result, Handle& recv,
+                             const methodHandle& attached_method,
+                             Bytecodes::Code byte, TRAPS) {
+  Klass* defc = attached_method->method_holder();
+  Symbol* name = attached_method->name();
+  Symbol* type = attached_method->signature();
+  LinkInfo link_info(defc, name, type);
+  switch(byte) {
+    case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
+      resolve_virtual_call(result, recv, recv->klass(), link_info,
+                           /*check_null_and_abstract=*/true, CHECK);
+      break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
+      resolve_interface_call(result, recv, recv->klass(), link_info,
+                             /*check_null_and_abstract=*/true, CHECK);
+      break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
+      resolve_static_call(result, link_info, /*initialize_class=*/false, CHECK);
+      break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
+      resolve_special_call(result, recv, link_info, CHECK);
+      break;
+    default:
+      fatal("bad call: %s", Bytecodes::name(byte));
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokestatic(CallInfo& result, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, CHECK);
+  resolve_static_call(result, link_info, /*initialize_class*/true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokespecial(CallInfo& result, Handle recv,
+                                         const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, CHECK);
+  resolve_special_call(result, recv, link_info, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokevirtual(CallInfo& result, Handle recv,
+                                          const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index,
+                                          TRAPS) {
+
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, CHECK);
+  Klass* recvrKlass = recv.is_null() ? (Klass*)NULL : recv->klass();
+  resolve_virtual_call(result, recv, recvrKlass, link_info, /*check_null_or_abstract*/true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokeinterface(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, CHECK);
+  Klass* recvrKlass = recv.is_null() ? (Klass*)NULL : recv->klass();
+  resolve_interface_call(result, recv, recvrKlass, link_info, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokehandle(CallInfo& result, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  // This guy is reached from InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invokehandle.
+  LinkInfo link_info(pool, index, CHECK);
+  if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    tty->print_cr("resolve_invokehandle %s %s", link_info.name()->as_C_string(),
+                  link_info.signature()->as_C_string());
+  }
+  resolve_handle_call(result, link_info, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_handle_call(CallInfo& result,
+                                       const LinkInfo& link_info,
+                                       TRAPS) {
+  // JSR 292:  this must be an implicitly generated method MethodHandle.invokeExact(*...) or similar
+  Klass* resolved_klass = link_info.resolved_klass();
+  assert(resolved_klass == SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass() ||
+         resolved_klass == SystemDictionary::VarHandle_klass(), "");
+  assert(MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_name(link_info.name()), "");
+  Handle       resolved_appendix;
+  Handle       resolved_method_type;
+  methodHandle resolved_method = lookup_polymorphic_method(link_info,
+                                       &resolved_appendix, &resolved_method_type, CHECK);
+  result.set_handle(resolved_klass, resolved_method, resolved_appendix, resolved_method_type, CHECK);
+}
+
+static void wrap_invokedynamic_exception(TRAPS) {
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    // See the "Linking Exceptions" section for the invokedynamic instruction
+    // in JVMS 6.5.
+    if (PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(SystemDictionary::Error_klass())) {
+      // Pass through an Error, including BootstrapMethodError, any other form
+      // of linkage error, or say ThreadDeath/OutOfMemoryError
+      if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+        tty->print_cr("invokedynamic passes through an Error for " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i((void *)PENDING_EXCEPTION));
+        PENDING_EXCEPTION->print();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise wrap the exception in a BootstrapMethodError
+    if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+      tty->print_cr("invokedynamic throws BSME for " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i((void *)PENDING_EXCEPTION));
+      PENDING_EXCEPTION->print();
+    }
+    Handle nested_exception(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    THROW_CAUSE(vmSymbols::java_lang_BootstrapMethodError(), nested_exception)
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokedynamic(CallInfo& result, const constantPoolHandle& pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  Symbol* method_name       = pool->name_ref_at(index);
+  Symbol* method_signature  = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
+  Klass* current_klass = pool->pool_holder();
+
+  // Resolve the bootstrap specifier (BSM + optional arguments).
+  Handle bootstrap_specifier;
+  // Check if CallSite has been bound already:
+  ConstantPoolCacheEntry* cpce = pool->invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(index);
+  if (cpce->is_f1_null()) {
+    int pool_index = cpce->constant_pool_index();
+    oop bsm_info = pool->resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at(pool_index, THREAD);
+    wrap_invokedynamic_exception(CHECK);
+    assert(bsm_info != NULL, "");
+    // FIXME: Cache this once per BootstrapMethods entry, not once per CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic.
+    bootstrap_specifier = Handle(THREAD, bsm_info);
+  }
+  if (!cpce->is_f1_null()) {
+    methodHandle method(     THREAD, cpce->f1_as_method());
+    Handle       appendix(   THREAD, cpce->appendix_if_resolved(pool));
+    Handle       method_type(THREAD, cpce->method_type_if_resolved(pool));
+    result.set_handle(method, appendix, method_type, THREAD);
+    wrap_invokedynamic_exception(CHECK);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TraceMethodHandles) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    tty->print_cr("resolve_invokedynamic #%d %s %s in %s",
+                  ConstantPool::decode_invokedynamic_index(index),
+                  method_name->as_C_string(), method_signature->as_C_string(),
+                  current_klass->name()->as_C_string());
+    tty->print("  BSM info: "); bootstrap_specifier->print();
+  }
+
+  resolve_dynamic_call(result, bootstrap_specifier, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_dynamic_call(CallInfo& result,
+                                        Handle bootstrap_specifier,
+                                        Symbol* method_name, Symbol* method_signature,
+                                        Klass* current_klass,
+                                        TRAPS) {
+  // JSR 292:  this must resolve to an implicitly generated method MH.linkToCallSite(*...)
+  // The appendix argument is likely to be a freshly-created CallSite.
+  Handle       resolved_appendix;
+  Handle       resolved_method_type;
+  methodHandle resolved_method =
+    SystemDictionary::find_dynamic_call_site_invoker(current_klass,
+                                                     bootstrap_specifier,
+                                                     method_name, method_signature,
+                                                     &resolved_appendix,
+                                                     &resolved_method_type,
+                                                     THREAD);
+  wrap_invokedynamic_exception(CHECK);
+  result.set_handle(resolved_method, resolved_appendix, resolved_method_type, THREAD);
+  wrap_invokedynamic_exception(CHECK);
+}