hotspot/src/share/vm/c1/c1_RangeCheckElimination.cpp
changeset 16611 6807a703dd6b
child 16620 294771974de2
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/c1/c1_RangeCheckElimination.cpp	Thu Mar 21 09:27:54 2013 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1517 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "precompiled.hpp"
+#include "c1/c1_ValueStack.hpp"
+#include "c1/c1_RangeCheckElimination.hpp"
+#include "c1/c1_IR.hpp"
+#include "c1/c1_Canonicalizer.hpp"
+#include "c1/c1_ValueMap.hpp"
+#include "ci/ciMethodData.hpp"
+#include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
+
+// Macros for the Trace and the Assertion flag
+#ifdef ASSERT
+#define TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code) if (TraceRangeCheckElimination) { code; }
+#define ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code) if (AssertRangeCheckElimination) { code; }
+#define TRACE_OR_ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code) if (TraceRangeCheckElimination || AssertRangeCheckElimination) { code; }
+#else
+#define TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code)
+#define ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code)
+#define TRACE_OR_ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(code)
+#endif
+
+// Entry point for the optimization
+void RangeCheckElimination::eliminate(IR *ir) {
+  bool do_elimination = ir->compilation()->has_access_indexed();
+  ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(do_elimination = true);
+  if (do_elimination) {
+    RangeCheckEliminator rce(ir);
+  }
+}
+
+// Constructor
+RangeCheckEliminator::RangeCheckEliminator(IR *ir) :
+  _bounds(Instruction::number_of_instructions(), NULL),
+  _access_indexed_info(Instruction::number_of_instructions(), NULL)
+{
+  _visitor.set_range_check_eliminator(this);
+  _ir = ir;
+  _number_of_instructions = Instruction::number_of_instructions();
+  _optimistic = ir->compilation()->is_optimistic();
+
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("");
+    tty->print_cr("Range check elimination");
+    ir->method()->print_name(tty);
+    tty->print_cr("");
+  );
+
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("optimistic=%d", (int)_optimistic);
+  );
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+  // Verifies several conditions that must be true on the IR-input. Only used for debugging purposes.
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("Verification of IR . . .");
+  );
+  Verification verification(ir);
+#endif
+
+  // Set process block flags
+  // Optimization so a blocks is only processed if it contains an access indexed instruction or if
+  // one of its children in the dominator tree contains an access indexed instruction.
+  set_process_block_flags(ir->start());
+
+  // Pass over instructions in the dominator tree
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("Starting pass over dominator tree . . .")
+  );
+  calc_bounds(ir->start(), NULL);
+
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("Finished!")
+  );
+}
+
+// Instruction specific work for some instructions
+// Constant
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Visitor::do_Constant(Constant *c) {
+  IntConstant *ic = c->type()->as_IntConstant();
+  if (ic != NULL) {
+    int value = ic->value();
+    _bound = new Bound(value, NULL, value, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+// LogicOp
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Visitor::do_LogicOp(LogicOp *lo) {
+  if (lo->type()->as_IntType() && lo->op() == Bytecodes::_iand && (lo->x()->as_Constant() || lo->y()->as_Constant())) {
+    int constant = 0;
+    Constant *c = lo->x()->as_Constant();
+    if (c != NULL) {
+      constant = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+    } else {
+      constant = lo->y()->as_Constant()->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+    }
+    if (constant >= 0) {
+      _bound = new Bound(0, NULL, constant, NULL);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Phi
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Visitor::do_Phi(Phi *phi) {
+  if (!phi->type()->as_IntType() && !phi->type()->as_ObjectType()) return;
+
+  BlockBegin *block = phi->block();
+  int op_count = phi->operand_count();
+  bool has_upper = true;
+  bool has_lower = true;
+  assert(phi, "Phi must not be null");
+  Bound *bound = NULL;
+
+  // TODO: support more difficult phis
+  for (int i=0; i<op_count; i++) {
+    Value v = phi->operand_at(i);
+
+    if (v == phi) continue;
+
+    // Check if instruction is connected with phi itself
+    Op2 *op2 = v->as_Op2();
+    if (op2 != NULL) {
+      Value x = op2->x();
+      Value y = op2->y();
+      if ((x == phi || y == phi)) {
+        Value other = x;
+        if (other == phi) {
+          other = y;
+        }
+        ArithmeticOp *ao = v->as_ArithmeticOp();
+        if (ao != NULL && ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd) {
+          assert(ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd, "Has to be add!");
+          if (ao->type()->as_IntType()) {
+            Constant *c = other->as_Constant();
+            if (c != NULL) {
+              assert(c->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Constant has to be of type integer");
+              int value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+              if (value == 1) {
+                has_upper = false;
+              } else if (value > 1) {
+                // Overflow not guaranteed
+                has_upper = false;
+                has_lower = false;
+              } else if (value < 0) {
+                has_lower = false;
+              }
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // No connection -> new bound
+    Bound *v_bound = _rce->get_bound(v);
+    Bound *cur_bound;
+    int cur_constant = 0;
+    Value cur_value = v;
+
+    if (v->type()->as_IntConstant()) {
+      cur_constant = v->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+      cur_value = NULL;
+    }
+    if (!v_bound->has_upper() || !v_bound->has_lower()) {
+      cur_bound = new Bound(cur_constant, cur_value, cur_constant, cur_value);
+    } else {
+      cur_bound = v_bound;
+    }
+    if (cur_bound) {
+      if (!bound) {
+        bound = cur_bound->copy();
+      } else {
+        bound->or_op(cur_bound);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // No bound!
+      bound = NULL;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bound) {
+    if (!has_upper) {
+      bound->remove_upper();
+    }
+    if (!has_lower) {
+      bound->remove_lower();
+    }
+    _bound = bound;
+  } else {
+    _bound = new Bound();
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ArithmeticOp
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Visitor::do_ArithmeticOp(ArithmeticOp *ao) {
+  Value x = ao->x();
+  Value y = ao->y();
+
+  if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_irem) {
+    Bound* x_bound = _rce->get_bound(x);
+    Bound* y_bound = _rce->get_bound(y);
+    if (x_bound->lower() >= 0 && x_bound->lower_instr() == NULL && y->as_ArrayLength() != NULL) {
+      _bound = new Bound(0, NULL, -1, y);
+    } else {
+      _bound = new Bound();
+    }
+  } else if (!x->as_Constant() || !y->as_Constant()) {
+    assert(!x->as_Constant() || !y->as_Constant(), "One of the operands must be non-constant!");
+    if (((x->as_Constant() || y->as_Constant()) && (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd)) || (y->as_Constant() && ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub)) {
+      assert(ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd || ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub, "Operand must be iadd or isub");
+
+      if (y->as_Constant()) {
+        Value tmp = x;
+        x = y;
+        y = tmp;
+      }
+      assert(x->as_Constant()->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Constant must be int constant!");
+
+      // Constant now in x
+      int const_value = x->as_Constant()->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+      if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd || const_value != min_jint) {
+        if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub) {
+          const_value = -const_value;
+        }
+
+        Bound * bound = _rce->get_bound(y);
+        if (bound->has_upper() && bound->has_lower()) {
+          int new_lower = bound->lower() + const_value;
+          jlong new_lowerl = ((jlong)bound->lower()) + const_value;
+          int new_upper = bound->upper() + const_value;
+          jlong new_upperl = ((jlong)bound->upper()) + const_value;
+
+          if (((jlong)new_lower) == new_lowerl && ((jlong)new_upper == new_upperl)) {
+            Bound *newBound = new Bound(new_lower, bound->lower_instr(), new_upper, bound->upper_instr());
+            _bound = newBound;
+          } else {
+            // overflow
+            _bound = new Bound();
+          }
+        } else {
+          _bound = new Bound();
+        }
+      } else {
+        _bound = new Bound();
+      }
+    } else {
+      Bound *bound = _rce->get_bound(x);
+      if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub) {
+        if (bound->lower_instr() == y) {
+          _bound = new Bound(Instruction::geq, NULL, bound->lower());
+        } else {
+          _bound = new Bound();
+        }
+      } else {
+        _bound = new Bound();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// IfOp
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Visitor::do_IfOp(IfOp *ifOp)
+{
+  if (ifOp->tval()->type()->as_IntConstant() && ifOp->fval()->type()->as_IntConstant()) {
+    int min = ifOp->tval()->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+    int max = ifOp->fval()->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+    if (min > max) {
+      // min ^= max ^= min ^= max;
+      int tmp = min;
+      min = max;
+      max = tmp;
+    }
+    _bound = new Bound(min, NULL, max, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+// Get bound. Returns the current bound on Value v. Normally this is the topmost element on the bound stack.
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound *RangeCheckEliminator::get_bound(Value v) {
+  // Wrong type or NULL -> No bound
+  if (!v || (!v->type()->as_IntType() && !v->type()->as_ObjectType())) return NULL;
+
+  if (!_bounds[v->id()]) {
+    // First (default) bound is calculated
+    // Create BoundStack
+    _bounds[v->id()] = new BoundStack();
+    _visitor.clear_bound();
+    Value visit_value = v;
+    visit_value->visit(&_visitor);
+    Bound *bound = _visitor.bound();
+    if (bound) {
+      _bounds[v->id()]->push(bound);
+    }
+    if (_bounds[v->id()]->length() == 0) {
+      assert(!(v->as_Constant() && v->type()->as_IntConstant()), "constants not handled here");
+      _bounds[v->id()]->push(new Bound());
+    }
+  } else if (_bounds[v->id()]->length() == 0) {
+    // To avoid endless loops, bound is currently in calculation -> nothing known about it
+    return new Bound();
+  }
+
+  // Return bound
+  return _bounds[v->id()]->top();
+}
+
+// Update bound
+void RangeCheckEliminator::update_bound(IntegerStack &pushed, Value v, Instruction::Condition cond, Value value, int constant) {
+  if (cond == Instruction::gtr) {
+    cond = Instruction::geq;
+    constant++;
+  } else if (cond == Instruction::lss) {
+    cond = Instruction::leq;
+    constant--;
+  }
+  Bound *bound = new Bound(cond, value, constant);
+  update_bound(pushed, v, bound);
+}
+
+// Checks for loop invariance. Returns true if the instruction is outside of the loop which is identified by loop_header.
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::loop_invariant(BlockBegin *loop_header, Instruction *instruction) {
+  assert(loop_header, "Loop header must not be null!");
+  if (!instruction) return true;
+  return instruction->dominator_depth() < loop_header->dominator_depth();
+}
+
+// Update bound. Pushes a new bound onto the stack. Tries to do a conjunction with the current bound.
+void RangeCheckEliminator::update_bound(IntegerStack &pushed, Value v, Bound *bound) {
+  if (v->as_Constant()) {
+    // No bound update for constants
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!_bounds[v->id()]) {
+    get_bound(v);
+    assert(_bounds[v->id()], "Now Stack must exist");
+  }
+  Bound *top = NULL;
+  if (_bounds[v->id()]->length() > 0) {
+    top = _bounds[v->id()]->top();
+  }
+  if (top) {
+    bound->and_op(top);
+  }
+  _bounds[v->id()]->push(bound);
+  pushed.append(v->id());
+}
+
+// Add instruction + idx for in block motion
+void RangeCheckEliminator::add_access_indexed_info(InstructionList &indices, int idx, Value instruction, AccessIndexed *ai) {
+  int id = instruction->id();
+  AccessIndexedInfo *aii = _access_indexed_info[id];
+  if (aii == NULL) {
+    aii = new AccessIndexedInfo();
+    _access_indexed_info[id] = aii;
+    indices.append(instruction);
+    aii->_min = idx;
+    aii->_max = idx;
+    aii->_list = new AccessIndexedList();
+  } else if (idx >= aii->_min && idx <= aii->_max) {
+    remove_range_check(ai);
+    return;
+  }
+  aii->_min = MIN2(aii->_min, idx);
+  aii->_max = MAX2(aii->_max, idx);
+  aii->_list->append(ai);
+}
+
+// In block motion. Tries to reorder checks in order to reduce some of them.
+// Example:
+// a[i] = 0;
+// a[i+2] = 0;
+// a[i+1] = 0;
+// In this example the check for a[i+1] would be considered as unnecessary during the first iteration.
+// After this i is only checked once for i >= 0 and i+2 < a.length before the first array access. If this
+// check fails, deoptimization is called.
+void RangeCheckEliminator::in_block_motion(BlockBegin *block, AccessIndexedList &accessIndexed, InstructionList &arrays) {
+  InstructionList indices;
+
+  // Now iterate over all arrays
+  for (int i=0; i<arrays.length(); i++) {
+    int max_constant = -1;
+    AccessIndexedList list_constant;
+    Value array = arrays.at(i);
+
+    // For all AccessIndexed-instructions in this block concerning the current array.
+    for(int j=0; j<accessIndexed.length(); j++) {
+      AccessIndexed *ai = accessIndexed.at(j);
+      if (ai->array() != array || !ai->check_flag(Instruction::NeedsRangeCheckFlag)) continue;
+
+      Value index = ai->index();
+      Constant *c = index->as_Constant();
+      if (c != NULL) {
+        int constant_value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+        if (constant_value >= 0) {
+          if (constant_value <= max_constant) {
+            // No range check needed for this
+            remove_range_check(ai);
+          } else {
+            max_constant = constant_value;
+            list_constant.append(ai);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        int last_integer = 0;
+        Instruction *last_instruction = index;
+        int base = 0;
+        ArithmeticOp *ao = index->as_ArithmeticOp();
+
+        while (ao != NULL && (ao->x()->as_Constant() || ao->y()->as_Constant()) && (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd || ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub)) {
+          c = ao->y()->as_Constant();
+          Instruction *other = ao->x();
+          if (!c && ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd) {
+            c = ao->x()->as_Constant();
+            other = ao->y();
+          }
+
+          if (c) {
+            int value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+            if (value != min_jint) {
+              if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub) {
+                value = -value;
+              }
+              base += value;
+              last_integer = base;
+              last_instruction = other;
+            }
+            index = other;
+          } else {
+            break;
+          }
+          ao = index->as_ArithmeticOp();
+        }
+        add_access_indexed_info(indices, last_integer, last_instruction, ai);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over all different indices
+    if (_optimistic) {
+      for (int i=0; i<indices.length(); i++) {
+        Instruction *index_instruction = indices.at(i);
+        AccessIndexedInfo *info = _access_indexed_info[index_instruction->id()];
+        assert(info != NULL, "Info must not be null");
+
+        // if idx < 0, max > 0, max + idx may fall between 0 and
+        // length-1 and if min < 0, min + idx may overflow and be >=
+        // 0. The predicate wouldn't trigger but some accesses could
+        // be with a negative index. This test guarantees that for the
+        // min and max value that are kept the predicate can't let
+        // some incorrect accesses happen.
+        bool range_cond = (info->_max < 0 || info->_max + min_jint <= info->_min);
+
+        // Generate code only if more than 2 range checks can be eliminated because of that.
+        // 2 because at least 2 comparisons are done
+        if (info->_list->length() > 2 && range_cond) {
+          AccessIndexed *first = info->_list->at(0);
+          Instruction *insert_position = first->prev();
+          assert(insert_position->next() == first, "prev was calculated");
+          ValueStack *state = first->state_before();
+
+          // Load min Constant
+          Constant *min_constant = NULL;
+          if (info->_min != 0) {
+            min_constant = new Constant(new IntConstant(info->_min));
+            NOT_PRODUCT(min_constant->set_printable_bci(first->printable_bci()));
+            insert_position = insert_position->insert_after(min_constant);
+          }
+
+          // Load max Constant
+          Constant *max_constant = NULL;
+          if (info->_max != 0) {
+            max_constant = new Constant(new IntConstant(info->_max));
+            NOT_PRODUCT(max_constant->set_printable_bci(first->printable_bci()));
+            insert_position = insert_position->insert_after(max_constant);
+          }
+
+          // Load array length
+          Value length_instr = first->length();
+          if (!length_instr) {
+            ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(array, first->state_before()->copy());
+            length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+            length->set_flag(Instruction::DeoptimizeOnException, true);
+            insert_position = insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(length);
+            length_instr = length;
+          }
+
+          // Calculate lower bound
+          Instruction *lower_compare = index_instruction;
+          if (min_constant) {
+            ArithmeticOp *ao = new ArithmeticOp(Bytecodes::_iadd, min_constant, lower_compare, false, NULL);
+            insert_position = insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(ao);
+            lower_compare = ao;
+          }
+
+          // Calculate upper bound
+          Instruction *upper_compare = index_instruction;
+          if (max_constant) {
+            ArithmeticOp *ao = new ArithmeticOp(Bytecodes::_iadd, max_constant, upper_compare, false, NULL);
+            insert_position = insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(ao);
+            upper_compare = ao;
+          }
+
+          // Trick with unsigned compare is done
+          int bci = NOT_PRODUCT(first->printable_bci()) PRODUCT_ONLY(-1);
+          insert_position = predicate(upper_compare, Instruction::aeq, length_instr, state, insert_position, bci);
+          insert_position = predicate_cmp_with_const(lower_compare, Instruction::leq, -1, state, insert_position);
+          for (int j = 0; j<info->_list->length(); j++) {
+            AccessIndexed *ai = info->_list->at(j);
+            remove_range_check(ai);
+          }
+        }
+        _access_indexed_info[index_instruction->id()] = NULL;
+      }
+      indices.clear();
+
+      if (list_constant.length() > 1) {
+        AccessIndexed *first = list_constant.at(0);
+        Instruction *insert_position = first->prev();
+        ValueStack *state = first->state_before();
+        // Load max Constant
+        Constant *constant = new Constant(new IntConstant(max_constant));
+        NOT_PRODUCT(constant->set_printable_bci(first->printable_bci()));
+        insert_position = insert_position->insert_after(constant);
+        Instruction *compare_instr = constant;
+        Value length_instr = first->length();
+        if (!length_instr) {
+          ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(array, state->copy());
+          length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+          length->set_flag(Instruction::DeoptimizeOnException, true);
+          insert_position = insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(length);
+          length_instr = length;
+        }
+        // Compare for greater or equal to array length
+        insert_position = predicate(compare_instr, Instruction::geq, length_instr, state, insert_position);
+        for (int j = 0; j<list_constant.length(); j++) {
+          AccessIndexed *ai = list_constant.at(j);
+          remove_range_check(ai);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::set_process_block_flags(BlockBegin *block) {
+  Instruction *cur = block;
+  bool process = false;
+
+  while (cur) {
+    process |= (cur->as_AccessIndexed() != NULL);
+    cur = cur->next();
+  }
+
+  BlockList *dominates = block->dominates();
+  for (int i=0; i<dominates->length(); i++) {
+    BlockBegin *next = dominates->at(i);
+    process |= set_process_block_flags(next);
+  }
+
+  if (!process) {
+    block->set(BlockBegin::donot_eliminate_range_checks);
+  }
+  return process;
+}
+
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::is_ok_for_deoptimization(Instruction *insert_position, Instruction *array_instr, Instruction *length_instr, Instruction *lower_instr, int lower, Instruction *upper_instr, int upper) {
+  bool upper_check = true;
+  assert(lower_instr || lower >= 0, "If no lower_instr present, lower must be greater 0");
+  assert(!lower_instr || lower_instr->dominator_depth() <= insert_position->dominator_depth(), "Dominator depth must be smaller");
+  assert(!upper_instr || upper_instr->dominator_depth() <= insert_position->dominator_depth(), "Dominator depth must be smaller");
+  assert(array_instr, "Array instruction must exist");
+  assert(array_instr->dominator_depth() <= insert_position->dominator_depth(), "Dominator depth must be smaller");
+  assert(!length_instr || length_instr->dominator_depth() <= insert_position->dominator_depth(), "Dominator depth must be smaller");
+
+  if (upper_instr && upper_instr->as_ArrayLength() && upper_instr->as_ArrayLength()->array() == array_instr) {
+    // static check
+    if (upper >= 0) return false; // would always trigger a deopt:
+                                  // array_length + x >= array_length, x >= 0 is always true
+    upper_check = false;
+  }
+  if (lower_instr && lower_instr->as_ArrayLength() && lower_instr->as_ArrayLength()->array() == array_instr) {
+    if (lower > 0) return false;
+  }
+  // No upper check required -> skip
+  if (upper_check && upper_instr && upper_instr->type()->as_ObjectType() && upper_instr == array_instr) {
+    // upper_instr is object means that the upper bound is the length
+    // of the upper_instr.
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+Instruction* RangeCheckEliminator::insert_after(Instruction* insert_position, Instruction* instr, int bci) {
+  if (bci != -1) {
+    NOT_PRODUCT(instr->set_printable_bci(bci));
+    return insert_position->insert_after(instr);
+  } else {
+    return insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(instr);
+  }
+}
+
+Instruction* RangeCheckEliminator::predicate(Instruction* left, Instruction::Condition cond, Instruction* right, ValueStack* state, Instruction *insert_position, int bci) {
+  RangeCheckPredicate *deoptimize = new RangeCheckPredicate(left, cond, true, right, state->copy());
+  return insert_after(insert_position, deoptimize, bci);
+}
+
+Instruction* RangeCheckEliminator::predicate_cmp_with_const(Instruction* instr, Instruction::Condition cond, int constant, ValueStack* state, Instruction *insert_position, int bci) {
+  Constant *const_instr = new Constant(new IntConstant(constant));
+  insert_position = insert_after(insert_position, const_instr, bci);
+  return predicate(instr, cond, const_instr, state, insert_position);
+}
+
+Instruction* RangeCheckEliminator::predicate_add(Instruction* left, int left_const, Instruction::Condition cond, Instruction* right, ValueStack* state, Instruction *insert_position, int bci) {
+  Constant *constant = new Constant(new IntConstant(left_const));
+  insert_position = insert_after(insert_position, constant, bci);
+  ArithmeticOp *ao = new ArithmeticOp(Bytecodes::_iadd, constant, left, false, NULL);
+  insert_position = insert_position->insert_after_same_bci(ao);
+  return predicate(ao, cond, right, state, insert_position);
+}
+
+Instruction* RangeCheckEliminator::predicate_add_cmp_with_const(Instruction* left, int left_const, Instruction::Condition cond, int constant, ValueStack* state, Instruction *insert_position, int bci) {
+  Constant *const_instr = new Constant(new IntConstant(constant));
+  insert_position = insert_after(insert_position, const_instr, bci);
+  return predicate_add(left, left_const, cond, const_instr, state, insert_position);
+}
+
+// Insert deoptimization, returns true if sucessful or false if range check should not be removed
+void RangeCheckEliminator::insert_deoptimization(ValueStack *state, Instruction *insert_position, Instruction *array_instr, Instruction *length_instr, Instruction *lower_instr, int lower, Instruction *upper_instr, int upper, AccessIndexed *ai) {
+  assert(is_ok_for_deoptimization(insert_position, array_instr, length_instr, lower_instr, lower, upper_instr, upper), "should have been tested before");
+  bool upper_check = !(upper_instr && upper_instr->as_ArrayLength() && upper_instr->as_ArrayLength()->array() == array_instr);
+
+  int bci = NOT_PRODUCT(ai->printable_bci()) PRODUCT_ONLY(-1);
+  if (lower_instr) {
+    assert(!lower_instr->type()->as_ObjectType(), "Must not be object type");
+    if (lower == 0) {
+      // Compare for less than 0
+      insert_position = predicate_cmp_with_const(lower_instr, Instruction::lss, 0, state, insert_position, bci);
+    } else if (lower > 0) {
+      // Compare for smaller 0
+      insert_position = predicate_add_cmp_with_const(lower_instr, lower, Instruction::lss, 0, state, insert_position, bci);
+    } else {
+      assert(lower < 0, "");
+      // Add 1
+      lower++;
+      lower = -lower;
+      // Compare for smaller or equal 0
+      insert_position = predicate_cmp_with_const(lower_instr, Instruction::leq, lower, state, insert_position, bci);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We need to know length of array
+  if (!length_instr) {
+    // Load length if necessary
+    ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(array_instr, state->copy());
+    NOT_PRODUCT(length->set_printable_bci(ai->printable_bci()));
+    length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+    length->set_flag(Instruction::DeoptimizeOnException, true);
+    insert_position = insert_position->insert_after(length);
+    length_instr = length;
+  }
+
+  // No upper check required -> skip
+  if (!upper_check) return;
+
+  if (!upper_instr) {
+    // Compare for geq array.length
+    insert_position = predicate_cmp_with_const(length_instr, Instruction::leq, upper, state, insert_position, bci);
+  } else {
+    if (upper_instr->type()->as_ObjectType()) {
+      assert(state, "must not be null");
+      assert(upper_instr != array_instr, "should be");
+      ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(upper_instr, state->copy());
+      NOT_PRODUCT(length->set_printable_bci(ai->printable_bci()));
+      length->set_flag(Instruction::DeoptimizeOnException, true);
+      length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+      insert_position = insert_position->insert_after(length);
+      upper_instr = length;
+    }
+    assert(upper_instr->type()->as_IntType(), "Must not be object type!");
+
+    if (upper == 0) {
+      // Compare for geq array.length
+      insert_position = predicate(upper_instr, Instruction::geq, length_instr, state, insert_position, bci);
+    } else if (upper < 0) {
+      // Compare for geq array.length
+      insert_position = predicate_add(upper_instr, upper, Instruction::geq, length_instr, state, insert_position, bci);
+    } else {
+      assert(upper > 0, "");
+      upper = -upper;
+      // Compare for geq array.length
+      insert_position = predicate_add(length_instr, upper, Instruction::leq, upper_instr, state, insert_position, bci);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Add if condition
+void RangeCheckEliminator::add_if_condition(IntegerStack &pushed, Value x, Value y, Instruction::Condition condition) {
+  if (y->as_Constant()) return;
+
+  int const_value = 0;
+  Value instr_value = x;
+  Constant *c = x->as_Constant();
+  ArithmeticOp *ao = x->as_ArithmeticOp();
+
+  if (c != NULL) {
+    const_value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+    instr_value = NULL;
+  } else if (ao != NULL &&  (!ao->x()->as_Constant() || !ao->y()->as_Constant()) && ((ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub && ao->y()->as_Constant()) || ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd)) {
+    assert(!ao->x()->as_Constant() || !ao->y()->as_Constant(), "At least one operator must be non-constant!");
+    assert(ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub || ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd, "Operation has to be add or sub!");
+    c = ao->x()->as_Constant();
+    if (c != NULL) {
+      const_value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+      instr_value = ao->y();
+    } else {
+      c = ao->y()->as_Constant();
+      if (c != NULL) {
+        const_value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+        instr_value = ao->x();
+      }
+    }
+    if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub) {
+      assert(ao->y()->as_Constant(), "1 - x not supported, only x - 1 is valid!");
+      if (const_value > min_jint) {
+        const_value = -const_value;
+      } else {
+        const_value = 0;
+        instr_value = x;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  update_bound(pushed, y, condition, instr_value, const_value);
+}
+
+// Process If
+void RangeCheckEliminator::process_if(IntegerStack &pushed, BlockBegin *block, If *cond) {
+  // Only if we are direct true / false successor and NOT both ! (even this may occur)
+  if ((cond->tsux() == block || cond->fsux() == block) && cond->tsux() != cond->fsux()) {
+    Instruction::Condition condition = cond->cond();
+    if (cond->fsux() == block) {
+      condition = Instruction::negate(condition);
+    }
+    Value x = cond->x();
+    Value y = cond->y();
+    if (x->type()->as_IntType() && y->type()->as_IntType()) {
+      add_if_condition(pushed, y, x, condition);
+      add_if_condition(pushed, x, y, Instruction::mirror(condition));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Process access indexed
+void RangeCheckEliminator::process_access_indexed(BlockBegin *loop_header, BlockBegin *block, AccessIndexed *ai) {
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2)
+  );
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->print_cr("Access indexed: index=%d length=%d", ai->index()->id(), ai->length()->id())
+  );
+
+  if (ai->check_flag(Instruction::NeedsRangeCheckFlag)) {
+    Bound *index_bound = get_bound(ai->index());
+    if (!index_bound->has_lower() || !index_bound->has_upper()) {
+      TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+        tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+        tty->print_cr("Index instruction %d has no lower and/or no upper bound!", ai->index()->id())
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Bound *array_bound;
+    if (ai->length()) {
+      array_bound = get_bound(ai->length());
+    } else {
+      array_bound = get_bound(ai->array());
+    }
+
+    if (in_array_bound(index_bound, ai->array()) ||
+      (index_bound && array_bound && index_bound->is_smaller(array_bound) && !index_bound->lower_instr() && index_bound->lower() >= 0)) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Bounds check for instruction %d in block B%d can be fully eliminated!", ai->id(), ai->block()->block_id())
+        );
+
+        remove_range_check(ai);
+    } else if (_optimistic && loop_header) {
+      assert(ai->array(), "Array must not be null!");
+      assert(ai->index(), "Index must not be null!");
+
+      // Array instruction
+      Instruction *array_instr = ai->array();
+      if (!loop_invariant(loop_header, array_instr)) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Array %d is not loop invariant to header B%d", ai->array()->id(), loop_header->block_id())
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Lower instruction
+      Value index_instr = ai->index();
+      Value lower_instr = index_bound->lower_instr();
+      if (!loop_invariant(loop_header, lower_instr)) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Lower instruction %d not loop invariant!", lower_instr->id())
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!lower_instr && index_bound->lower() < 0) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Lower bound smaller than 0 (%d)!", index_bound->lower())
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Upper instruction
+      Value upper_instr = index_bound->upper_instr();
+      if (!loop_invariant(loop_header, upper_instr)) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Upper instruction %d not loop invariant!", upper_instr->id())
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Length instruction
+      Value length_instr = ai->length();
+      if (!loop_invariant(loop_header, length_instr)) {
+        // Generate length instruction yourself!
+        length_instr = NULL;
+      }
+
+      TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+        tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+        tty->print_cr("LOOP INVARIANT access indexed %d found in block B%d!", ai->id(), ai->block()->block_id())
+      );
+
+      BlockBegin *pred_block = loop_header->dominator();
+      assert(pred_block != NULL, "Every loop header has a dominator!");
+      BlockEnd *pred_block_end = pred_block->end();
+      Instruction *insert_position = pred_block_end->prev();
+      ValueStack *state = pred_block_end->state_before();
+      if (pred_block_end->as_Goto() && state == NULL) state = pred_block_end->state();
+      assert(state, "State must not be null");
+
+      // Add deoptimization to dominator of loop header
+      TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+        tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+        tty->print_cr("Inserting deopt at bci %d in block B%d!", state->bci(), insert_position->block()->block_id())
+      );
+
+      if (!is_ok_for_deoptimization(insert_position, array_instr, length_instr, lower_instr, index_bound->lower(), upper_instr, index_bound->upper())) {
+        TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+          tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+          tty->print_cr("Could not eliminate because of static analysis!")
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      insert_deoptimization(state, insert_position, array_instr, length_instr, lower_instr, index_bound->lower(), upper_instr, index_bound->upper(), ai);
+
+      // Finally remove the range check!
+      remove_range_check(ai);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RangeCheckEliminator::remove_range_check(AccessIndexed *ai) {
+  ai->set_flag(Instruction::NeedsRangeCheckFlag, false);
+  // no range check, no need for the length instruction anymore
+  ai->clear_length();
+
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->fill_to(ai->dominator_depth()*2);
+    tty->print_cr("Range check for instruction %d eliminated!", ai->id());
+  );
+
+  ASSERT_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    Value array_length = ai->length();
+    if (!array_length) {
+      array_length = ai->array();
+      assert(array_length->type()->as_ObjectType(), "Has to be object type!");
+    }
+    int cur_constant = -1;
+    Value cur_value = array_length;
+    if (cur_value->type()->as_IntConstant()) {
+      cur_constant += cur_value->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+      cur_value = NULL;
+    }
+    Bound *new_index_bound = new Bound(0, NULL, cur_constant, cur_value);
+    add_assertions(new_index_bound, ai->index(), ai);
+  );
+}
+
+// Calculate bounds for instruction in this block and children blocks in the dominator tree
+void RangeCheckEliminator::calc_bounds(BlockBegin *block, BlockBegin *loop_header) {
+  // Ensures a valid loop_header
+  assert(!loop_header || loop_header->is_set(BlockBegin::linear_scan_loop_header_flag), "Loop header has to be real !");
+
+  // Tracing output
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(
+    tty->fill_to(block->dominator_depth()*2);
+    tty->print_cr("Block B%d", block->block_id());
+  );
+
+  // Pushed stack for conditions
+  IntegerStack pushed;
+  // Process If
+  BlockBegin *parent = block->dominator();
+  if (parent != NULL) {
+    If *cond = parent->end()->as_If();
+    if (cond != NULL) {
+      process_if(pushed, block, cond);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Interate over current block
+  InstructionList arrays;
+  AccessIndexedList accessIndexed;
+  Instruction *cur = block;
+
+  while (cur) {
+    // Ensure cur wasn't inserted during the elimination
+    if (cur->id() < this->_bounds.length()) {
+      // Process only if it is an access indexed instruction
+      AccessIndexed *ai = cur->as_AccessIndexed();
+      if (ai != NULL) {
+        process_access_indexed(loop_header, block, ai);
+        accessIndexed.append(ai);
+        if (!arrays.contains(ai->array())) {
+          arrays.append(ai->array());
+        }
+        Bound *b = get_bound(ai->index());
+        if (!b->lower_instr()) {
+          // Lower bound is constant
+          update_bound(pushed, ai->index(), Instruction::geq, NULL, 0);
+        }
+        if (!b->has_upper()) {
+          if (ai->length() && ai->length()->type()->as_IntConstant()) {
+            int value = ai->length()->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
+            update_bound(pushed, ai->index(), Instruction::lss, NULL, value);
+          } else {
+            // Has no upper bound
+            Instruction *instr = ai->length();
+            if (instr != NULL) instr = ai->array();
+            update_bound(pushed, ai->index(), Instruction::lss, instr, 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    cur = cur->next();
+  }
+
+  // Output current condition stack
+  TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(dump_condition_stack(block));
+
+  // Do in block motion of range checks
+  in_block_motion(block, accessIndexed, arrays);
+
+  // Call all dominated blocks
+  for (int i=0; i<block->dominates()->length(); i++) {
+    BlockBegin *next = block->dominates()->at(i);
+    if (!next->is_set(BlockBegin::donot_eliminate_range_checks)) {
+      // if current block is a loop header and:
+      // - next block belongs to the same loop
+      // or
+      // - next block belongs to an inner loop
+      // then current block is the loop header for next block
+      if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::linear_scan_loop_header_flag) && (block->loop_index() == next->loop_index() || next->loop_depth() > block->loop_depth())) {
+        calc_bounds(next, block);
+      } else {
+        calc_bounds(next, loop_header);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Reset stack
+  for (int i=0; i<pushed.length(); i++) {
+    _bounds[pushed[i]]->pop();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+// Dump condition stack
+void RangeCheckEliminator::dump_condition_stack(BlockBegin *block) {
+  for (int i=0; i<_ir->linear_scan_order()->length(); i++) {
+    BlockBegin *cur_block = _ir->linear_scan_order()->at(i);
+    Instruction *instr = cur_block;
+    for_each_phi_fun(cur_block, phi,
+                     BoundStack *bound_stack = _bounds.at(phi->id());
+                     if (bound_stack && bound_stack->length() > 0) {
+                       Bound *bound = bound_stack->top();
+                       if ((bound->has_lower() || bound->has_upper()) && (bound->lower_instr() != phi || bound->upper_instr() != phi || bound->lower() != 0 || bound->upper() != 0)) {
+                           TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(tty->fill_to(2*block->dominator_depth());
+                                                         tty->print("i%d", phi->id());
+                                                         tty->print(": ");
+                                                         bound->print();
+                                                         tty->print_cr("");
+                           );
+                         }
+                     });
+
+    while (!instr->as_BlockEnd()) {
+      if (instr->id() < _bounds.length()) {
+        BoundStack *bound_stack = _bounds.at(instr->id());
+        if (bound_stack && bound_stack->length() > 0) {
+          Bound *bound = bound_stack->top();
+          if ((bound->has_lower() || bound->has_upper()) && (bound->lower_instr() != instr || bound->upper_instr() != instr || bound->lower() != 0 || bound->upper() != 0)) {
+              TRACE_RANGE_CHECK_ELIMINATION(tty->fill_to(2*block->dominator_depth());
+                                            tty->print("i%d", instr->id());
+                                            tty->print(": ");
+                                            bound->print();
+                                            tty->print_cr("");
+              );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      instr = instr->next();
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Verification or the IR
+RangeCheckEliminator::Verification::Verification(IR *ir) : _used(BlockBegin::number_of_blocks(), false) {
+  this->_ir = ir;
+  ir->iterate_linear_scan_order(this);
+}
+
+// Verify this block
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Verification::block_do(BlockBegin *block) {
+  If *cond = block->end()->as_If();
+  // Watch out: tsux and fsux can be the same!
+  if (block->number_of_sux() > 1) {
+    for (int i=0; i<block->number_of_sux(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *sux = block->sux_at(i);
+      BlockBegin *pred = NULL;
+      for (int j=0; j<sux->number_of_preds(); j++) {
+        BlockBegin *cur = sux->pred_at(j);
+        assert(cur != NULL, "Predecessor must not be null");
+        if (!pred) {
+          pred = cur;
+        }
+        assert(cur == pred, "Block must not have more than one predecessor if its predecessor has more than one successor");
+      }
+      assert(sux->number_of_preds() >= 1, "Block must have at least one predecessor");
+      assert(sux->pred_at(0) == block, "Wrong successor");
+    }
+  }
+
+  BlockBegin *dominator = block->dominator();
+  if (dominator) {
+    assert(block != _ir->start(), "Start block must not have a dominator!");
+    assert(can_reach(dominator, block), "Dominator can't reach his block !");
+    assert(can_reach(_ir->start(), dominator), "Dominator is unreachable !");
+    assert(!can_reach(_ir->start(), block, dominator), "Wrong dominator ! Block can be reached anyway !");
+    BlockList *all_blocks = _ir->linear_scan_order();
+    for (int i=0; i<all_blocks->length(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *cur = all_blocks->at(i);
+      if (cur != dominator && cur != block) {
+        assert(can_reach(dominator, block, cur), "There has to be another dominator!");
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    assert(block == _ir->start(), "Only start block must not have a dominator");
+  }
+
+  if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::linear_scan_loop_header_flag)) {
+    int loop_index = block->loop_index();
+    BlockList *all_blocks = _ir->linear_scan_order();
+    assert(block->number_of_preds() >= 1, "Block must have at least one predecessor");
+    assert(!block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag), "Loop header must not be exception handler!");
+    // Sometimes, the backbranch comes from an exception handler. In
+    // this case, loop indexes/loop depths may not appear correct.
+    bool loop_through_xhandler = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < block->number_of_exception_handlers(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *xhandler = block->exception_handler_at(i);
+      for (int j = 0; j < block->number_of_preds(); j++) {
+        if (dominates(xhandler, block->pred_at(j)) || xhandler == block->pred_at(j)) {
+          loop_through_xhandler = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (int i=0; i<block->number_of_sux(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *sux = block->sux_at(i);
+      assert(sux->loop_depth() != block->loop_depth() || sux->loop_index() == block->loop_index() || loop_through_xhandler, "Loop index has to be same");
+      assert(sux->loop_depth() == block->loop_depth() || sux->loop_index() != block->loop_index(), "Loop index has to be different");
+    }
+
+    for (int i=0; i<all_blocks->length(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *cur = all_blocks->at(i);
+      if (cur->loop_index() == loop_index && cur != block) {
+        assert(dominates(block->dominator(), cur), "Dominator of loop header must dominate all loop blocks");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  Instruction *cur = block;
+  while (cur) {
+    assert(cur->block() == block, "Block begin has to be set correctly!");
+    cur = cur->next();
+  }
+}
+
+// Loop header must dominate all loop blocks
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::Verification::dominates(BlockBegin *dominator, BlockBegin *block) {
+  BlockBegin *cur = block->dominator();
+  while (cur && cur != dominator) {
+    cur = cur->dominator();
+  }
+  return cur == dominator;
+}
+
+// Try to reach Block end beginning in Block start and not using Block dont_use
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::Verification::can_reach(BlockBegin *start, BlockBegin *end, BlockBegin *dont_use /* = NULL */) {
+  if (start == end) return start != dont_use;
+  // Simple BSF from start to end
+  //  BlockBeginList _current;
+  for (int i=0; i<_used.length(); i++) {
+    _used[i] = false;
+  }
+  _current.truncate(0);
+  _successors.truncate(0);
+  if (start != dont_use) {
+    _current.push(start);
+    _used[start->block_id()] = true;
+  }
+
+  //  BlockBeginList _successors;
+  while (_current.length() > 0) {
+    BlockBegin *cur = _current.pop();
+    // Add exception handlers to list
+    for (int i=0; i<cur->number_of_exception_handlers(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *xhandler = cur->exception_handler_at(i);
+      _successors.push(xhandler);
+      // Add exception handlers of _successors to list
+      for (int j=0; j<xhandler->number_of_exception_handlers(); j++) {
+        BlockBegin *sux_xhandler = xhandler->exception_handler_at(j);
+        _successors.push(sux_xhandler);
+      }
+    }
+    // Add normal _successors to list
+    for (int i=0; i<cur->number_of_sux(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *sux = cur->sux_at(i);
+      _successors.push(sux);
+      // Add exception handlers of _successors to list
+      for (int j=0; j<sux->number_of_exception_handlers(); j++) {
+        BlockBegin *xhandler = sux->exception_handler_at(j);
+        _successors.push(xhandler);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i=0; i<_successors.length(); i++) {
+      BlockBegin *sux = _successors[i];
+      assert(sux != NULL, "Successor must not be NULL!");
+      if (sux == end) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (sux != dont_use && !_used[sux->block_id()]) {
+        _used[sux->block_id()] = true;
+        _current.push(sux);
+      }
+    }
+    _successors.truncate(0);
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Bound
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::~Bound() {
+}
+
+// Bound constructor
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::Bound() {
+  init();
+  this->_lower = min_jint;
+  this->_upper = max_jint;
+  this->_lower_instr = NULL;
+  this->_upper_instr = NULL;
+}
+
+// Bound constructor
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::Bound(int lower, Value lower_instr, int upper, Value upper_instr) {
+  init();
+  assert(!lower_instr || !lower_instr->as_Constant() || !lower_instr->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Must not be constant!");
+  assert(!upper_instr || !upper_instr->as_Constant() || !upper_instr->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Must not be constant!");
+  this->_lower = lower;
+  this->_upper = upper;
+  this->_lower_instr = lower_instr;
+  this->_upper_instr = upper_instr;
+}
+
+// Bound constructor
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::Bound(Instruction::Condition cond, Value v, int constant) {
+  assert(!v || (v->type() && (v->type()->as_IntType() || v->type()->as_ObjectType())), "Type must be array or integer!");
+  assert(!v || !v->as_Constant() || !v->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Must not be constant!");
+
+  init();
+  if (cond == Instruction::eql) {
+    _lower = constant;
+    _lower_instr = v;
+    _upper = constant;
+    _upper_instr = v;
+  } else if (cond == Instruction::neq) {
+    _lower = min_jint;
+    _upper = max_jint;
+    _lower_instr = NULL;
+    _upper_instr = NULL;
+    if (v == NULL) {
+      if (constant == min_jint) {
+        _lower++;
+      }
+      if (constant == max_jint) {
+        _upper--;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (cond == Instruction::geq) {
+    _lower = constant;
+    _lower_instr = v;
+    _upper = max_jint;
+    _upper_instr = NULL;
+  } else if (cond == Instruction::leq) {
+    _lower = min_jint;
+    _lower_instr = NULL;
+    _upper = constant;
+    _upper_instr = v;
+  } else {
+    ShouldNotReachHere();
+  }
+}
+
+// Set lower
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::set_lower(int value, Value v) {
+  assert(!v || !v->as_Constant() || !v->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Must not be constant!");
+  this->_lower = value;
+  this->_lower_instr = v;
+}
+
+// Set upper
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::set_upper(int value, Value v) {
+  assert(!v || !v->as_Constant() || !v->type()->as_IntConstant(), "Must not be constant!");
+  this->_upper = value;
+  this->_upper_instr = v;
+}
+
+// Add constant -> no overflow may occur
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::add_constant(int value) {
+  this->_lower += value;
+  this->_upper += value;
+}
+
+// Init
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::init() {
+}
+
+// or
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::or_op(Bound *b) {
+  // Watch out, bound is not guaranteed not to overflow!
+  // Update lower bound
+  if (_lower_instr != b->_lower_instr || (_lower_instr && _lower != b->_lower)) {
+    _lower_instr = NULL;
+    _lower = min_jint;
+  } else {
+    _lower = MIN2(_lower, b->_lower);
+  }
+  // Update upper bound
+  if (_upper_instr != b->_upper_instr || (_upper_instr && _upper != b->_upper)) {
+    _upper_instr = NULL;
+    _upper = max_jint;
+  } else {
+    _upper = MAX2(_upper, b->_upper);
+  }
+}
+
+// and
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::and_op(Bound *b) {
+  // Update lower bound
+  if (_lower_instr == b->_lower_instr) {
+    _lower = MAX2(_lower, b->_lower);
+  }
+  if (b->has_lower()) {
+    bool set = true;
+    if (_lower_instr != NULL && b->_lower_instr != NULL) {
+      set = (_lower_instr->dominator_depth() > b->_lower_instr->dominator_depth());
+    }
+    if (set) {
+      _lower = b->_lower;
+      _lower_instr = b->_lower_instr;
+    }
+  }
+  // Update upper bound
+  if (_upper_instr == b->_upper_instr) {
+    _upper = MIN2(_upper, b->_upper);
+  }
+  if (b->has_upper()) {
+    bool set = true;
+    if (_upper_instr != NULL && b->_upper_instr != NULL) {
+      set = (_upper_instr->dominator_depth() > b->_upper_instr->dominator_depth());
+    }
+    if (set) {
+      _upper = b->_upper;
+      _upper_instr = b->_upper_instr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// has_upper
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::has_upper() {
+  return _upper_instr != NULL || _upper < max_jint;
+}
+
+// is_smaller
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::is_smaller(Bound *b) {
+  if (b->_lower_instr != _upper_instr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return _upper < b->_lower;
+}
+
+// has_lower
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::has_lower() {
+  return _lower_instr != NULL || _lower > min_jint;
+}
+
+// in_array_bound
+bool RangeCheckEliminator::in_array_bound(Bound *bound, Value array){
+  if (!bound) return false;
+  assert(array != NULL, "Must not be null!");
+  assert(bound != NULL, "Must not be null!");
+  if (bound->lower() >=0 && bound->lower_instr() == NULL && bound->upper() < 0 && bound->upper_instr() != NULL) {
+    ArrayLength *len = bound->upper_instr()->as_ArrayLength();
+    if (bound->upper_instr() == array || (len != NULL && len->array() == array)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// remove_lower
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::remove_lower() {
+  _lower = min_jint;
+  _lower_instr = NULL;
+}
+
+// remove_upper
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::remove_upper() {
+  _upper = max_jint;
+  _upper_instr = NULL;
+}
+
+// upper
+int RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::upper() {
+  return _upper;
+}
+
+// lower
+int RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::lower() {
+  return _lower;
+}
+
+// upper_instr
+Value RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::upper_instr() {
+  return _upper_instr;
+}
+
+// lower_instr
+Value RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::lower_instr() {
+  return _lower_instr;
+}
+
+// print
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::print() {
+  tty->print("");
+  if (this->_lower_instr || this->_lower != min_jint) {
+    if (this->_lower_instr) {
+      tty->print("i%d", this->_lower_instr->id());
+      if (this->_lower > 0) {
+        tty->print("+%d", _lower);
+      }
+      if (this->_lower < 0) {
+        tty->print("%d", _lower);
+      }
+    } else {
+      tty->print("%d", _lower);
+    }
+    tty->print(" <= ");
+  }
+  tty->print("x");
+  if (this->_upper_instr || this->_upper != max_jint) {
+    tty->print(" <= ");
+    if (this->_upper_instr) {
+      tty->print("i%d", this->_upper_instr->id());
+      if (this->_upper > 0) {
+        tty->print("+%d", _upper);
+      }
+      if (this->_upper < 0) {
+        tty->print("%d", _upper);
+      }
+    } else {
+      tty->print("%d", _upper);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Copy
+RangeCheckEliminator::Bound *RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::copy() {
+  Bound *b = new Bound();
+  b->_lower = _lower;
+  b->_lower_instr = _lower_instr;
+  b->_upper = _upper;
+  b->_upper_instr = _upper_instr;
+  return b;
+}
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+// Add assertion
+void RangeCheckEliminator::Bound::add_assertion(Instruction *instruction, Instruction *position, int i, Value instr, Instruction::Condition cond) {
+  Instruction *result = position;
+  Instruction *compare_with = NULL;
+  ValueStack *state = position->state_before();
+  if (position->as_BlockEnd() && !position->as_Goto()) {
+    state = position->as_BlockEnd()->state_before();
+  }
+  Instruction *instruction_before = position->prev();
+  if (position->as_Return() && Compilation::current()->method()->is_synchronized() && instruction_before->as_MonitorExit()) {
+    instruction_before = instruction_before->prev();
+  }
+  result = instruction_before;
+  // Load constant only if needed
+  Constant *constant = NULL;
+  if (i != 0 || !instr) {
+    constant = new Constant(new IntConstant(i));
+    NOT_PRODUCT(constant->set_printable_bci(position->printable_bci()));
+    result = result->insert_after(constant);
+    compare_with = constant;
+  }
+
+  if (instr) {
+    assert(instr->type()->as_ObjectType() || instr->type()->as_IntType(), "Type must be array or integer!");
+    compare_with = instr;
+    // Load array length if necessary
+    Instruction *op = instr;
+    if (instr->type()->as_ObjectType()) {
+      assert(state, "must not be null");
+      ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(instr, state->copy());
+      NOT_PRODUCT(length->set_printable_bci(position->printable_bci()));
+      length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+      result = result->insert_after(length);
+      op = length;
+      compare_with = length;
+    }
+    // Add operation only if necessary
+    if (constant) {
+      ArithmeticOp *ao = new ArithmeticOp(Bytecodes::_iadd, constant, op, false, NULL);
+      NOT_PRODUCT(ao->set_printable_bci(position->printable_bci()));
+      result = result->insert_after(ao);
+      compare_with = ao;
+      // TODO: Check that add operation does not overflow!
+    }
+  }
+  assert(compare_with != NULL, "You have to compare with something!");
+  assert(instruction != NULL, "Instruction must not be null!");
+
+  if (instruction->type()->as_ObjectType()) {
+    // Load array length if necessary
+    Instruction *op = instruction;
+    assert(state, "must not be null");
+    ArrayLength *length = new ArrayLength(instruction, state->copy());
+    length->set_exception_state(length->state_before());
+    NOT_PRODUCT(length->set_printable_bci(position->printable_bci()));
+    result = result->insert_after(length);
+    instruction = length;
+  }
+
+  Assert *assert = new Assert(instruction, cond, false, compare_with);
+  NOT_PRODUCT(assert->set_printable_bci(position->printable_bci()));
+  result->insert_after(assert);
+}
+
+// Add assertions
+void RangeCheckEliminator::add_assertions(Bound *bound, Instruction *instruction, Instruction *position) {
+  // Add lower bound assertion
+  if (bound->has_lower()) {
+    bound->add_assertion(instruction, position, bound->lower(), bound->lower_instr(), Instruction::geq);
+  }
+  // Add upper bound assertion
+  if (bound->has_upper()) {
+    bound->add_assertion(instruction, position, bound->upper(), bound->upper_instr(), Instruction::leq);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+