hotspot/src/share/vm/interpreter/linkResolver.cpp
changeset 1 489c9b5090e2
child 2534 08dac9ce0cd7
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/interpreter/linkResolver.cpp	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "incls/_precompiled.incl"
+#include "incls/_linkResolver.cpp.incl"
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation of FieldAccessInfo
+
+void FieldAccessInfo::set(KlassHandle klass, symbolHandle name, int field_index, int field_offset,
+BasicType field_type, AccessFlags access_flags) {
+  _klass        = klass;
+  _name         = name;
+  _field_index  = field_index;
+  _field_offset = field_offset;
+  _field_type   = field_type;
+  _access_flags = access_flags;
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation of CallInfo
+
+
+void CallInfo::set_static(KlassHandle resolved_klass, methodHandle resolved_method, TRAPS) {
+  int vtable_index = methodOopDesc::nonvirtual_vtable_index;
+  set_common(resolved_klass, resolved_klass, resolved_method, resolved_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void CallInfo::set_interface(KlassHandle resolved_klass, KlassHandle selected_klass, methodHandle resolved_method, methodHandle selected_method, TRAPS) {
+  // This is only called for interface methods. If the resolved_method
+  // comes from java/lang/Object, it can be the subject of a virtual call, so
+  // we should pick the vtable index from the resolved method.
+  // Other than that case, there is no valid vtable index to specify.
+  int vtable_index = methodOopDesc::invalid_vtable_index;
+  if (resolved_method->method_holder() == SystemDictionary::object_klass()) {
+    assert(resolved_method->vtable_index() == selected_method->vtable_index(), "sanity check");
+    vtable_index = resolved_method->vtable_index();
+  }
+  set_common(resolved_klass, selected_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_virtual(KlassHandle resolved_klass, KlassHandle selected_klass, methodHandle resolved_method, methodHandle selected_method, int vtable_index, TRAPS) {
+  assert(vtable_index >= 0 || vtable_index == methodOopDesc::nonvirtual_vtable_index, "valid index");
+  set_common(resolved_klass, selected_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+void CallInfo::set_common(KlassHandle resolved_klass, KlassHandle selected_klass, methodHandle resolved_method, methodHandle selected_method, int vtable_index, TRAPS) {
+  assert(resolved_method->signature() == selected_method->signature(), "signatures must correspond");
+  _resolved_klass  = resolved_klass;
+  _selected_klass  = selected_klass;
+  _resolved_method = resolved_method;
+  _selected_method = selected_method;
+  _vtable_index    = vtable_index;
+  if (CompilationPolicy::mustBeCompiled(selected_method)) {
+    // Note: with several active threads, the mustBeCompiled may be true
+    //       while canBeCompiled is false; remove assert
+    // assert(CompilationPolicy::canBeCompiled(selected_method), "cannot compile");
+    if (THREAD->is_Compiler_thread()) {
+      // don't force compilation, resolve was on behalf of compiler
+      return;
+    }
+    CompileBroker::compile_method(selected_method, InvocationEntryBci,
+                                  methodHandle(), 0, "mustBeCompiled", CHECK);
+  }
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Klass resolution
+
+void LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(KlassHandle ref_klass, KlassHandle sel_klass, TRAPS) {
+  if (!Reflection::verify_class_access(ref_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       sel_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       true)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbolHandles::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+      "tried to access class %s from class %s",
+      sel_klass->external_name(),
+      ref_klass->external_name()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_klass(KlassHandle& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  klassOop result_oop = pool->klass_ref_at(index, CHECK);
+  result = KlassHandle(THREAD, result_oop);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_klass_no_update(KlassHandle& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  klassOop result_oop =
+         constantPoolOopDesc::klass_ref_at_if_loaded_check(pool, index, CHECK);
+  result = KlassHandle(THREAD, result_oop);
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Method resolution
+//
+// According to JVM spec. $5.4.3c & $5.4.3d
+
+void LinkResolver::lookup_method_in_klasses(methodHandle& result, KlassHandle klass, symbolHandle name, symbolHandle signature, TRAPS) {
+  methodOop result_oop = klass->uncached_lookup_method(name(), signature());
+  result = methodHandle(THREAD, result_oop);
+}
+
+// returns first instance method
+void LinkResolver::lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(methodHandle& result, KlassHandle klass, symbolHandle name, symbolHandle signature, TRAPS) {
+  methodOop result_oop = klass->uncached_lookup_method(name(), signature());
+  result = methodHandle(THREAD, result_oop);
+  while (!result.is_null() && result->is_static()) {
+    klass = KlassHandle(THREAD, Klass::cast(result->method_holder())->super());
+    result = methodHandle(THREAD, klass->uncached_lookup_method(name(), signature()));
+  }
+}
+
+
+int LinkResolver::vtable_index_of_miranda_method(KlassHandle klass, symbolHandle name, symbolHandle signature, TRAPS) {
+  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+  klassVtable *vt = instanceKlass::cast(klass())->vtable();
+  return vt->index_of_miranda(name(), signature());
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::lookup_method_in_interfaces(methodHandle& result, KlassHandle klass, symbolHandle name, symbolHandle signature, TRAPS) {
+  instanceKlass *ik = instanceKlass::cast(klass());
+  result = methodHandle(THREAD, ik->lookup_method_in_all_interfaces(name(), signature()));
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::check_method_accessability(KlassHandle ref_klass,
+                                              KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                              KlassHandle sel_klass,
+                                              methodHandle sel_method,
+                                              TRAPS) {
+
+  AccessFlags flags = sel_method->access_flags();
+
+  // Special case:  arrays always override "clone". JVMS 2.15.
+  // If the resolved klass is an array class, and the declaring class
+  // is java.lang.Object and the method is "clone", set the flags
+  // to public.
+  //
+  // We'll check for the method name first, as that's most likely
+  // to be false (so we'll short-circuit out of these tests).
+  if (sel_method->name() == vmSymbols::clone_name() &&
+      sel_klass() == SystemDictionary::object_klass() &&
+      resolved_klass->oop_is_array()) {
+    // We need to change "protected" to "public".
+    assert(flags.is_protected(), "clone not protected?");
+    jint new_flags = flags.as_int();
+    new_flags = new_flags & (~JVM_ACC_PROTECTED);
+    new_flags = new_flags | JVM_ACC_PUBLIC;
+    flags.set_flags(new_flags);
+  }
+
+  if (!Reflection::verify_field_access(ref_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       resolved_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       sel_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       flags,
+                                       true)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbolHandles::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+      "tried to access method %s.%s%s from class %s",
+      sel_klass->external_name(),
+      sel_method->name()->as_C_string(),
+      sel_method->signature()->as_C_string(),
+      ref_klass->external_name()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle& resolved_klass,
+                                  constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+
+  // resolve klass
+  resolve_klass(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+
+  symbolHandle method_name      (THREAD, pool->name_ref_at(index));
+  symbolHandle method_signature (THREAD, pool->signature_ref_at(index));
+  KlassHandle  current_klass(THREAD, pool->pool_holder());
+
+  resolve_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_interface_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle& resolved_klass, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+
+  // resolve klass
+  resolve_klass(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  symbolHandle method_name      (THREAD, pool->name_ref_at(index));
+  symbolHandle method_signature (THREAD, pool->signature_ref_at(index));
+  KlassHandle  current_klass(THREAD, pool->pool_holder());
+
+  resolve_interface_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                  symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                  KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+  // 1. check if klass is not interface
+  if (resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Found interface %s, but class was expected", Klass::cast(resolved_klass())->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // 2. lookup method in resolved klass and its super klasses
+  lookup_method_in_klasses(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, CHECK);
+
+  if (resolved_method.is_null()) { // not found in the class hierarchy
+    // 3. lookup method in all the interfaces implemented by the resolved klass
+    lookup_method_in_interfaces(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, CHECK);
+
+    if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+      // 4. method lookup failed
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+                methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                        method_name(),
+                                                        method_signature()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 5. check if method is concrete
+  if (resolved_method->is_abstract() && !resolved_klass->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                      method_name(),
+                                                      method_signature()));
+  }
+
+  // 6. access checks, access checking may be turned off when calling from within the VM.
+  if (check_access) {
+    assert(current_klass.not_null() , "current_klass should not be null");
+
+    // check if method can be accessed by the referring class
+    check_method_accessability(current_klass,
+                               resolved_klass,
+                               KlassHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->method_holder()),
+                               resolved_method,
+                               CHECK);
+
+    // check loader constraints
+    Handle loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(current_klass())->class_loader());
+    Handle class_loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(resolved_method->method_holder())->class_loader());
+    {
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      char* failed_type_name =
+        SystemDictionary::check_signature_loaders(method_signature, loader,
+                                                  class_loader, true, CHECK);
+      if (failed_type_name != NULL) {
+        const char* msg = "loader constraint violation: when resolving method"
+          " \"%s\" the class loader (instance of %s) of the current class, %s,"
+          " and the class loader (instance of %s) for resolved class, %s, have"
+          " different Class objects for the type %s used in the signature";
+        char* sig = methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),method_name(),method_signature());
+        const char* loader1 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(loader());
+        char* current = instanceKlass::cast(current_klass())->name()->as_C_string();
+        const char* loader2 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(class_loader());
+        char* resolved = instanceKlass::cast(resolved_klass())->name()->as_C_string();
+        size_t buflen = strlen(msg) + strlen(sig) + strlen(loader1) +
+          strlen(current) + strlen(loader2) + strlen(resolved) +
+          strlen(failed_type_name);
+        char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, buflen);
+        jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, msg, sig, loader1, current, loader2,
+                     resolved, failed_type_name);
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), buf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_interface_method(methodHandle& resolved_method,
+                                            KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                            symbolHandle method_name,
+                                            symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                            KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                            bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+ // check if klass is interface
+  if (!resolved_klass->is_interface()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Found class %s, but interface was expected", Klass::cast(resolved_klass())->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // lookup method in this interface or its super, java.lang.Object
+  lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, CHECK);
+
+  if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+    // lookup method in all the super-interfaces
+    lookup_method_in_interfaces(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, CHECK);
+    if (resolved_method.is_null()) {
+      // no method found
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+                methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                        method_name(),
+                                                        method_signature()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (check_access) {
+    HandleMark hm(THREAD);
+    Handle loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(current_klass())->class_loader());
+    Handle class_loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(resolved_method->method_holder())->class_loader());
+    {
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      char* failed_type_name =
+        SystemDictionary::check_signature_loaders(method_signature, loader,
+                                                  class_loader, true, CHECK);
+      if (failed_type_name != NULL) {
+        const char* msg = "loader constraint violation: when resolving "
+          "interface method \"%s\" the class loader (instance of %s) of the "
+          "current class, %s, and the class loader (instance of %s) for "
+          "resolved class, %s, have different Class objects for the type %s "
+          "used in the signature";
+        char* sig = methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),method_name(),method_signature());
+        const char* loader1 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(loader());
+        char* current = instanceKlass::cast(current_klass())->name()->as_C_string();
+        const char* loader2 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(class_loader());
+        char* resolved = instanceKlass::cast(resolved_klass())->name()->as_C_string();
+        size_t buflen = strlen(msg) + strlen(sig) + strlen(loader1) +
+          strlen(current) + strlen(loader2) + strlen(resolved) +
+          strlen(failed_type_name);
+        char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, buflen);
+        jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, msg, sig, loader1, current, loader2,
+                     resolved, failed_type_name);
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), buf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Field resolution
+
+void LinkResolver::check_field_accessability(KlassHandle ref_klass,
+                                             KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                             KlassHandle sel_klass,
+                                             fieldDescriptor& fd,
+                                             TRAPS) {
+  if (!Reflection::verify_field_access(ref_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       resolved_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       sel_klass->as_klassOop(),
+                                       fd.access_flags(),
+                                       true)) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbolHandles::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+      "tried to access field %s.%s from class %s",
+      sel_klass->external_name(),
+      fd.name()->as_C_string(),
+      ref_klass->external_name()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_field(FieldAccessInfo& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, Bytecodes::Code byte, bool check_only, TRAPS) {
+  resolve_field(result, pool, index, byte, check_only, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_field(FieldAccessInfo& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, Bytecodes::Code byte, bool check_only, bool update_pool, TRAPS) {
+  assert(byte == Bytecodes::_getstatic || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic ||
+         byte == Bytecodes::_getfield  || byte == Bytecodes::_putfield, "bad bytecode");
+
+  bool is_static = (byte == Bytecodes::_getstatic || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
+  bool is_put    = (byte == Bytecodes::_putfield  || byte == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
+
+  // resolve specified klass
+  KlassHandle resolved_klass;
+  if (update_pool) {
+    resolve_klass(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  } else {
+    resolve_klass_no_update(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  }
+  // Load these early in case the resolve of the containing klass fails
+  symbolOop field = pool->name_ref_at(index);
+  symbolHandle field_h (THREAD, field); // preserve in case we need the name
+  symbolOop sig   = pool->signature_ref_at(index);
+  // Check if there's a resolved klass containing the field
+  if( resolved_klass.is_null() ) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchFieldError(), field->as_C_string());
+  }
+
+  // Resolve instance field
+  fieldDescriptor fd; // find_field initializes fd if found
+  KlassHandle sel_klass(THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(resolved_klass())->find_field(field, sig, &fd));
+  // check if field exists; i.e., if a klass containing the field def has been selected
+  if (sel_klass.is_null()){
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchFieldError(), field->as_C_string());
+  }
+
+  // check access
+  KlassHandle ref_klass(THREAD, pool->pool_holder());
+  check_field_accessability(ref_klass, resolved_klass, sel_klass, fd, CHECK);
+
+  // check for errors
+  if (is_static != fd.is_static()) {
+    char msg[200];
+    jio_snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Expected %s field %s.%s", is_static ? "static" : "non-static", Klass::cast(resolved_klass())->external_name(), fd.name()->as_C_string());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), msg);
+  }
+
+  // Final fields can only be accessed from its own class.
+  if (is_put && fd.access_flags().is_final() && sel_klass() != pool->pool_holder()) {
+    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError());
+  }
+
+  // initialize resolved_klass if necessary
+  // note 1: the klass which declared the field must be initialized (i.e, sel_klass)
+  //         according to the newest JVM spec (5.5, p.170) - was bug (gri 7/28/99)
+  //
+  // note 2: we don't want to force initialization if we are just checking
+  //         if the field access is legal; e.g., during compilation
+  if (is_static && !check_only) {
+    sel_klass->initialize(CHECK);
+  }
+
+  {
+    HandleMark hm(THREAD);
+    Handle ref_loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(ref_klass())->class_loader());
+    Handle sel_loader (THREAD, instanceKlass::cast(sel_klass())->class_loader());
+    symbolHandle signature_ref (THREAD, pool->signature_ref_at(index));
+    {
+      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+      char* failed_type_name =
+        SystemDictionary::check_signature_loaders(signature_ref,
+                                                  ref_loader, sel_loader,
+                                                  false,
+                                                  CHECK);
+      if (failed_type_name != NULL) {
+        const char* msg = "loader constraint violation: when resolving field"
+          " \"%s\" the class loader (instance of %s) of the referring class, "
+          "%s, and the class loader (instance of %s) for the field's resolved "
+          "type, %s, have different Class objects for that type";
+        char* field_name = field_h()->as_C_string();
+        const char* loader1 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(ref_loader());
+        char* sel = instanceKlass::cast(sel_klass())->name()->as_C_string();
+        const char* loader2 = SystemDictionary::loader_name(sel_loader());
+        size_t buflen = strlen(msg) + strlen(field_name) + strlen(loader1) +
+          strlen(sel) + strlen(loader2) + strlen(failed_type_name);
+        char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, buflen);
+        jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, msg, field_name, loader1, sel, loader2,
+                     failed_type_name);
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), buf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // return information. note that the klass is set to the actual klass containing the
+  // field, otherwise access of static fields in superclasses will not work.
+  KlassHandle holder (THREAD, fd.field_holder());
+  symbolHandle name  (THREAD, fd.name());
+  result.set(holder, name, fd.index(), fd.offset(), fd.field_type(), fd.access_flags());
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Invoke resolution
+//
+// Naming conventions:
+//
+// resolved_method    the specified method (i.e., static receiver specified via constant pool index)
+// sel_method         the selected method  (selected via run-time lookup; e.g., based on dynamic receiver class)
+// resolved_klass     the specified klass  (i.e., specified via constant pool index)
+// recv_klass         the receiver klass
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_static_call(CallInfo& result, KlassHandle& resolved_klass, symbolHandle method_name,
+                                       symbolHandle method_signature, KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                       bool check_access, bool initialize_class, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+  linktime_resolve_static_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  resolved_klass = KlassHandle(THREAD, Klass::cast(resolved_method->method_holder()));
+
+  // Initialize klass (this should only happen if everything is ok)
+  if (initialize_class && resolved_klass->should_be_initialized()) {
+    resolved_klass->initialize(CHECK);
+    linktime_resolve_static_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  }
+
+  // setup result
+  result.set_static(resolved_klass, resolved_method, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_static_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                  symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                                  KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+  resolve_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+
+  // check if static
+  if (!resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expected static method %s", methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                      resolved_method->name(),
+                                                      resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_special_call(CallInfo& result, KlassHandle resolved_klass, symbolHandle method_name,
+                                        symbolHandle method_signature, KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+  linktime_resolve_special_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_special_method(result, resolved_method, resolved_klass, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_special_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                   symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                                   KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+  resolve_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+
+  // check if method name is <init>, that it is found in same klass as static type
+  if (resolved_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name() &&
+      resolved_method->method_holder() != resolved_klass()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    Exceptions::fthrow(
+      THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
+      vmSymbolHandles::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(),
+      "%s: method %s%s not found",
+      resolved_klass->external_name(),
+      resolved_method->name()->as_C_string(),
+      resolved_method->signature()->as_C_string()
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                 "Expecting non-static method %s",
+                 methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                         resolved_method->name(),
+                                                         resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_special_method(CallInfo& result, methodHandle resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                  KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+
+  // resolved method is selected method unless we have an old-style lookup
+  methodHandle sel_method(THREAD, resolved_method());
+
+  // check if this is an old-style super call and do a new lookup if so
+  { KlassHandle method_klass  = KlassHandle(THREAD,
+                                            resolved_method->method_holder());
+
+    if (check_access &&
+        // a) check if ACC_SUPER flag is set for the current class
+        current_klass->is_super() &&
+        // b) check if the method class is a superclass of the current class (superclass relation is not reflexive!)
+        current_klass->is_subtype_of(method_klass()) && current_klass() != method_klass() &&
+        // c) check if the method is not <init>
+        resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
+      // Lookup super method
+      KlassHandle super_klass(THREAD, current_klass->super());
+      lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(sel_method, super_klass,
+                           symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->name()),
+                           symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->signature()), CHECK);
+      // check if found
+      if (sel_method.is_null()) {
+        ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+        THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+                  methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                            resolved_method->name(),
+                                            resolved_method->signature()));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (sel_method->is_static()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expecting non-static method %s", methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                                                                             resolved_method->name(),
+                                                                                                             resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+
+  // check if abstract
+  if (sel_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                      sel_method->name(),
+                                                      sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  // setup result
+  result.set_static(resolved_klass, sel_method, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_call(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, KlassHandle receiver_klass, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                        symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature, KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                        bool check_access, bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+  linktime_resolve_virtual_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_virtual_method(result, resolved_method, resolved_klass, recv, receiver_klass, check_null_and_abstract, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_virtual_method(methodHandle &resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                   symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                                   KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+  // normal method resolution
+  resolve_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name (), "should have been checked in verifier");
+
+  // check if not static
+  if (resolved_method->is_static()) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Expecting non-static method %s", methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                                                                             resolved_method->name(),
+                                                                                                             resolved_method->signature()));
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_virtual_method(CallInfo& result,
+                                                  methodHandle resolved_method,
+                                                  KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                  Handle recv,
+                                                  KlassHandle recv_klass,
+                                                  bool check_null_and_abstract,
+                                                  TRAPS) {
+
+  // setup default return values
+  int vtable_index = methodOopDesc::invalid_vtable_index;
+  methodHandle selected_method;
+
+  assert(recv.is_null() || recv->is_oop(), "receiver is not an oop");
+
+  // runtime method resolution
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && recv.is_null()) { // check if receiver exists
+    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
+  }
+
+  // Virtual methods cannot be resolved before its klass has been linked, for otherwise the methodOop's
+  // has not been rewritten, and the vtable initialized.
+  assert(instanceKlass::cast(resolved_method->method_holder())->is_linked(), "must be linked");
+
+  // Virtual methods cannot be resolved before its klass has been linked, for otherwise the methodOop's
+  // has not been rewritten, and the vtable initialized. Make sure to do this after the nullcheck, since
+  // a missing receiver might result in a bogus lookup.
+  assert(instanceKlass::cast(resolved_method->method_holder())->is_linked(), "must be linked");
+
+  // do lookup based on receiver klass using the vtable index
+  if (resolved_method->method_holder()->klass_part()->is_interface()) { // miranda method
+    vtable_index = vtable_index_of_miranda_method(resolved_klass,
+                           symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->name()),
+                           symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->signature()), CHECK);
+    assert(vtable_index >= 0 , "we should have valid vtable index at this point");
+
+    instanceKlass* inst = instanceKlass::cast(recv_klass());
+    selected_method = methodHandle(THREAD, inst->method_at_vtable(vtable_index));
+  } else {
+    // at this point we are sure that resolved_method is virtual and not
+    // a miranda method; therefore, it must have a valid vtable index.
+    vtable_index = resolved_method->vtable_index();
+    // We could get a negative vtable_index for final methods,
+    // because as an optimization they are they are never put in the vtable,
+    // unless they override an existing method.
+    // If we do get a negative, it means the resolved method is the the selected
+    // method, and it can never be changed by an override.
+    if (vtable_index == methodOopDesc::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
+      assert(resolved_method->can_be_statically_bound(), "cannot override this method");
+      selected_method = resolved_method;
+    } else {
+      // recv_klass might be an arrayKlassOop but all vtables start at
+      // the same place. The cast is to avoid virtual call and assertion.
+      instanceKlass* inst = (instanceKlass*)recv_klass()->klass_part();
+      selected_method = methodHandle(THREAD, inst->method_at_vtable(vtable_index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if method exists
+  if (selected_method.is_null()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                      resolved_method->name(),
+                                                      resolved_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  // check if abstract
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && selected_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(resolved_klass()),
+                                                      selected_method->name(),
+                                                      selected_method->signature()));
+  }
+
+  // setup result
+  result.set_virtual(resolved_klass, recv_klass, resolved_method, selected_method, vtable_index, CHECK);
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, KlassHandle recv_klass, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                          symbolHandle method_name, symbolHandle method_signature, KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                          bool check_access, bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  methodHandle resolved_method;
+  linktime_resolve_interface_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+  runtime_resolve_interface_method(result, resolved_method, resolved_klass, recv, recv_klass, check_null_and_abstract, CHECK);
+}
+
+// throws linktime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_interface_method(methodHandle& resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass, symbolHandle method_name,
+                                                     symbolHandle method_signature, KlassHandle current_klass, bool check_access, TRAPS) {
+  // normal interface method resolution
+  resolve_interface_method(resolved_method, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, CHECK);
+
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "should have been checked in verifier");
+  assert(resolved_method->name() != vmSymbols::class_initializer_name (), "should have been checked in verifier");
+}
+
+// throws runtime exceptions
+void LinkResolver::runtime_resolve_interface_method(CallInfo& result, methodHandle resolved_method, KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                    Handle recv, KlassHandle recv_klass, bool check_null_and_abstract, TRAPS) {
+  // check if receiver exists
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && recv.is_null()) {
+    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
+  }
+
+  // check if receiver klass implements the resolved interface
+  if (!recv_klass->is_subtype_of(resolved_klass())) {
+    char buf[200];
+    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Class %s does not implement the requested interface %s",
+                 (Klass::cast(recv_klass()))->external_name(),
+                 (Klass::cast(resolved_klass()))->external_name());
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
+  }
+  // do lookup based on receiver klass
+  methodHandle sel_method;
+  lookup_instance_method_in_klasses(sel_method, recv_klass,
+            symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->name()),
+            symbolHandle(THREAD, resolved_method->signature()), CHECK);
+  // check if method exists
+  if (sel_method.is_null()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(recv_klass()),
+                                                      resolved_method->name(),
+                                                      resolved_method->signature()));
+  }
+  // check if public
+  if (!sel_method->is_public()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalAccessError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(recv_klass()),
+                                                      sel_method->name(),
+                                                      sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+  // check if abstract
+  if (check_null_and_abstract && sel_method->is_abstract()) {
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(),
+              methodOopDesc::name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass::cast(recv_klass()),
+                                                      sel_method->name(),
+                                                      sel_method->signature()));
+  }
+  // setup result
+  result.set_interface(resolved_klass, recv_klass, resolved_method, sel_method, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_interface_method_or_null(
+                                                 KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                 symbolHandle method_name,
+                                                 symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                                 KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                                 bool check_access) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  methodHandle method_result;
+  linktime_resolve_interface_method(method_result, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  } else {
+    return method_result;
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::linktime_resolve_virtual_method_or_null(
+                                                 KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                 symbolHandle method_name,
+                                                 symbolHandle method_signature,
+                                                 KlassHandle current_klass,
+                                                 bool check_access) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  methodHandle method_result;
+  linktime_resolve_virtual_method(method_result, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, check_access, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  } else {
+    return method_result;
+  }
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_call_or_null(
+                                                 KlassHandle receiver_klass,
+                                                 KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                 symbolHandle name,
+                                                 symbolHandle signature,
+                                                 KlassHandle current_klass) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_virtual_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, resolved_klass, name, signature, current_klass, true, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call_or_null(
+                                                 KlassHandle receiver_klass,
+                                                 KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                 symbolHandle name,
+                                                 symbolHandle signature,
+                                                 KlassHandle current_klass) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_interface_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, resolved_klass, name, signature, current_klass, true, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+int LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_vtable_index(
+                                               KlassHandle receiver_klass,
+                                               KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                               symbolHandle name,
+                                               symbolHandle signature,
+                                               KlassHandle current_klass) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_virtual_call(info, Handle(), receiver_klass, resolved_klass, name, signature, current_klass, true, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodOopDesc::invalid_vtable_index;
+  }
+  return info.vtable_index();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_static_call_or_null(
+                                                  KlassHandle resolved_klass,
+                                                  symbolHandle name,
+                                                  symbolHandle signature,
+                                                  KlassHandle current_klass) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_static_call(info, resolved_klass, name, signature, current_klass, true, false, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+methodHandle LinkResolver::resolve_special_call_or_null(KlassHandle resolved_klass, symbolHandle name, symbolHandle signature,
+                                                        KlassHandle current_klass) {
+  EXCEPTION_MARK;
+  CallInfo info;
+  resolve_special_call(info, resolved_klass, name, signature, current_klass, true, THREAD);
+  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
+    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
+    return methodHandle();
+  }
+  return info.selected_method();
+}
+
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ConstantPool entries
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, Bytecodes::Code byte, TRAPS) {
+  switch (byte) {
+    case Bytecodes::_invokestatic   : resolve_invokestatic   (result,       pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokespecial  : resolve_invokespecial  (result,       pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual  : resolve_invokevirtual  (result, recv, pool, index, CHECK); break;
+    case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface: resolve_invokeinterface(result, recv, pool, index, CHECK); break;
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_pool(KlassHandle& resolved_klass, symbolHandle& method_name, symbolHandle& method_signature,
+                                KlassHandle& current_klass, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+   // resolve klass
+  resolve_klass(resolved_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+
+  // Get name, signature, and static klass
+  method_name      = symbolHandle(THREAD, pool->name_ref_at(index));
+  method_signature = symbolHandle(THREAD, pool->signature_ref_at(index));
+  current_klass    = KlassHandle(THREAD, pool->pool_holder());
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokestatic(CallInfo& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  KlassHandle  resolved_klass;
+  symbolHandle method_name;
+  symbolHandle method_signature;
+  KlassHandle  current_klass;
+  resolve_pool(resolved_klass, method_name,  method_signature, current_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  resolve_static_call(result, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokespecial(CallInfo& result, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  KlassHandle  resolved_klass;
+  symbolHandle method_name;
+  symbolHandle method_signature;
+  KlassHandle  current_klass;
+  resolve_pool(resolved_klass, method_name,  method_signature, current_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  resolve_special_call(result, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokevirtual(CallInfo& result, Handle recv,
+                                          constantPoolHandle pool, int index,
+                                          TRAPS) {
+
+  KlassHandle  resolved_klass;
+  symbolHandle method_name;
+  symbolHandle method_signature;
+  KlassHandle  current_klass;
+  resolve_pool(resolved_klass, method_name,  method_signature, current_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  KlassHandle recvrKlass (THREAD, recv.is_null() ? (klassOop)NULL : recv->klass());
+  resolve_virtual_call(result, recv, recvrKlass, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+
+void LinkResolver::resolve_invokeinterface(CallInfo& result, Handle recv, constantPoolHandle pool, int index, TRAPS) {
+  KlassHandle  resolved_klass;
+  symbolHandle method_name;
+  symbolHandle method_signature;
+  KlassHandle  current_klass;
+  resolve_pool(resolved_klass, method_name,  method_signature, current_klass, pool, index, CHECK);
+  KlassHandle recvrKlass (THREAD, recv.is_null() ? (klassOop)NULL : recv->klass());
+  resolve_interface_call(result, recv, recvrKlass, resolved_klass, method_name, method_signature, current_klass, true, true, CHECK);
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+
+void FieldAccessInfo::print() {
+  ResourceMark rm;
+  tty->print_cr("Field %s@%d", name()->as_C_string(), field_offset());
+}
+
+#endif