hotspot/src/cpu/arm/vm/stubGenerator_arm.cpp
changeset 42664 29142a56c193
child 46620 750c6edff33b
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hotspot/src/cpu/arm/vm/stubGenerator_arm.cpp	Mon Dec 19 12:39:01 2016 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,4510 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "precompiled.hpp"
+#include "asm/assembler.hpp"
+#include "assembler_arm.inline.hpp"
+#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
+#include "nativeInst_arm.hpp"
+#include "oops/instanceOop.hpp"
+#include "oops/method.hpp"
+#include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
+#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
+#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
+#include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
+#include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"
+#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
+#ifdef COMPILER2
+#include "opto/runtime.hpp"
+#endif
+
+// Declaration and definition of StubGenerator (no .hpp file).
+// For a more detailed description of the stub routine structure
+// see the comment in stubRoutines.hpp
+
+#define __ _masm->
+
+#ifdef PRODUCT
+#define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) /* nothing */
+#else
+#define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) __ block_comment(str)
+#endif
+
+#define BIND(label) bind(label); BLOCK_COMMENT(#label ":")
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Stub Code definitions
+
+// Platform dependent parameters for array copy stubs
+
+// Note: we have noticed a huge change in behavior on a microbenchmark
+// from platform to platform depending on the configuration.
+
+// Instead of adding a series of command line options (which
+// unfortunately have to be done in the shared file and cannot appear
+// only in the ARM port), the tested result are hard-coded here in a set
+// of options, selected by specifying 'ArmCopyPlatform'
+
+// Currently, this 'platform' is hardcoded to a value that is a good
+// enough trade-off.  However, one can easily modify this file to test
+// the hard-coded configurations or create new ones. If the gain is
+// significant, we could decide to either add command line options or
+// add code to automatically choose a configuration.
+
+// see comments below for the various configurations created
+#define DEFAULT_ARRAYCOPY_CONFIG 0
+#define TEGRA2_ARRAYCOPY_CONFIG 1
+#define IMX515_ARRAYCOPY_CONFIG 2
+
+// Hard coded choices (XXX: could be changed to a command line option)
+#define ArmCopyPlatform DEFAULT_ARRAYCOPY_CONFIG
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+#define ArmCopyCacheLineSize 64
+#else
+#define ArmCopyCacheLineSize 32 // not worth optimizing to 64 according to measured gains
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+// TODO-AARCH64: tune and revise AArch64 arraycopy optimizations
+
+// configuration for each kind of loop
+typedef struct {
+  int pld_distance;       // prefetch distance (0 => no prefetch, <0: prefetch_before);
+#ifndef AARCH64
+  bool split_ldm;         // if true, split each STM in STMs with fewer registers
+  bool split_stm;         // if true, split each LTM in LTMs with fewer registers
+#endif // !AARCH64
+} arraycopy_loop_config;
+
+// configuration for all loops
+typedef struct {
+  // const char *description;
+  arraycopy_loop_config forward_aligned;
+  arraycopy_loop_config backward_aligned;
+  arraycopy_loop_config forward_shifted;
+  arraycopy_loop_config backward_shifted;
+} arraycopy_platform_config;
+
+// configured platforms
+static arraycopy_platform_config arraycopy_configurations[] = {
+  // configuration parameters for arraycopy loops
+#ifdef AARCH64
+  {
+    {-256 }, // forward aligned
+    {-128 }, // backward aligned
+    {-256 }, // forward shifted
+    {-128 }  // backward shifted
+  }
+#else
+
+  // Configurations were chosen based on manual analysis of benchmark
+  // results, minimizing overhead with respect to best results on the
+  // different test cases.
+
+  // Prefetch before is always favored since it avoids dirtying the
+  // cache uselessly for small copies. Code for prefetch after has
+  // been kept in case the difference is significant for some
+  // platforms but we might consider dropping it.
+
+  // distance, ldm, stm
+  {
+    // default: tradeoff tegra2/imx515/nv-tegra2,
+    // Notes on benchmarking:
+    // - not far from optimal configuration on nv-tegra2
+    // - within 5% of optimal configuration except for backward aligned on IMX
+    // - up to 40% from optimal configuration for backward shifted and backward align for tegra2
+    //   but still on par with the operating system copy
+    {-256, true,  true  }, // forward aligned
+    {-256, true,  true  }, // backward aligned
+    {-256, false, false }, // forward shifted
+    {-256, true,  true  } // backward shifted
+  },
+  {
+    // configuration tuned on tegra2-4.
+    // Warning: should not be used on nv-tegra2 !
+    // Notes:
+    // - prefetch after gives 40% gain on backward copies on tegra2-4,
+    //   resulting in better number than the operating system
+    //   copy. However, this can lead to a 300% loss on nv-tegra and has
+    //   more impact on the cache (fetches futher than what is
+    //   copied). Use this configuration with care, in case it improves
+    //   reference benchmarks.
+    {-256, true,  true  }, // forward aligned
+    {96,   false, false }, // backward aligned
+    {-256, false, false }, // forward shifted
+    {96,   false, false } // backward shifted
+  },
+  {
+    // configuration tuned on imx515
+    // Notes:
+    // - smaller prefetch distance is sufficient to get good result and might be more stable
+    // - refined backward aligned options within 5% of optimal configuration except for
+    //   tests were the arrays fit in the cache
+    {-160, false, false }, // forward aligned
+    {-160, false, false }, // backward aligned
+    {-160, false, false }, // forward shifted
+    {-160, true,  true  } // backward shifted
+  }
+#endif // AARCH64
+};
+
+class StubGenerator: public StubCodeGenerator {
+
+#ifdef PRODUCT
+#define inc_counter_np(a,b,c) ((void)0)
+#else
+#define inc_counter_np(counter, t1, t2) \
+  BLOCK_COMMENT("inc_counter " #counter); \
+  __ inc_counter(&counter, t1, t2);
+#endif
+
+ private:
+
+  address generate_call_stub(address& return_address) {
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "call_stub");
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    const int saved_regs_size = 192;
+
+    __ stp(FP, LR, Address(SP, -saved_regs_size, pre_indexed));
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    int sp_offset = 16;
+    assert(frame::entry_frame_call_wrapper_offset * wordSize == sp_offset, "adjust this code");
+    __ stp(R0,  ZR,  Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+
+    const int saved_result_and_result_type_offset = sp_offset;
+    __ stp(R1,  R2,  Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp(R19, R20, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp(R21, R22, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp(R23, R24, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp(R25, R26, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp(R27, R28, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+
+    __ stp_d(V8,  V9,  Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp_d(V10, V11, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp_d(V12, V13, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ stp_d(V14, V15, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    assert (sp_offset == saved_regs_size, "adjust this code");
+
+    __ mov(Rmethod, R3);
+    __ mov(Rthread, R7);
+    __ reinit_heapbase();
+
+    { // Pass parameters
+      Label done_parameters, pass_parameters;
+
+      __ mov(Rparams, SP);
+      __ cbz_w(R6, done_parameters);
+
+      __ sub(Rtemp, SP, R6, ex_uxtw, LogBytesPerWord);
+      __ align_reg(SP, Rtemp, StackAlignmentInBytes);
+      __ add(Rparams, SP, R6, ex_uxtw, LogBytesPerWord);
+
+      __ bind(pass_parameters);
+      __ subs_w(R6, R6, 1);
+      __ ldr(Rtemp, Address(R5, wordSize, post_indexed));
+      __ str(Rtemp, Address(Rparams, -wordSize, pre_indexed));
+      __ b(pass_parameters, ne);
+
+      __ bind(done_parameters);
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+      {
+        Label L;
+        __ cmp(SP, Rparams);
+        __ b(L, eq);
+        __ stop("SP does not match Rparams");
+        __ bind(L);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    __ mov(Rsender_sp, SP);
+    __ blr(R4);
+    return_address = __ pc();
+
+    __ mov(SP, FP);
+
+    __ ldp(R1, R2, Address(SP, saved_result_and_result_type_offset));
+
+    { // Handle return value
+      Label cont;
+      __ str(R0, Address(R1));
+
+      __ cmp_w(R2, T_DOUBLE);
+      __ ccmp_w(R2, T_FLOAT, Assembler::flags_for_condition(eq), ne);
+      __ b(cont, ne);
+
+      __ str_d(V0, Address(R1));
+      __ bind(cont);
+    }
+
+    sp_offset = saved_result_and_result_type_offset + 16;
+    __ ldp(R19, R20, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp(R21, R22, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp(R23, R24, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp(R25, R26, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp(R27, R28, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+
+    __ ldp_d(V8,  V9,  Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp_d(V10, V11, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp_d(V12, V13, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    __ ldp_d(V14, V15, Address(SP, sp_offset)); sp_offset += 16;
+    assert (sp_offset == saved_regs_size, "adjust this code");
+
+    __ ldp(FP, LR, Address(SP, saved_regs_size, post_indexed));
+    __ ret();
+
+#else // AARCH64
+
+    assert(frame::entry_frame_call_wrapper_offset == 0, "adjust this code");
+
+    __ mov(Rtemp, SP);
+    __ push(RegisterSet(FP) | RegisterSet(LR));
+#ifndef __SOFTFP__
+    __ fstmdbd(SP, FloatRegisterSet(D8, 8), writeback);
+#endif
+    __ stmdb(SP, RegisterSet(R0, R2) | RegisterSet(R4, R6) | RegisterSet(R8, R10) | altFP_7_11, writeback);
+    __ mov(Rmethod, R3);
+    __ ldmia(Rtemp, RegisterSet(R1, R3) | Rthread); // stacked arguments
+
+    // XXX: TODO
+    // Would be better with respect to native tools if the following
+    // setting of FP was changed to conform to the native ABI, with FP
+    // pointing to the saved FP slot (and the corresponding modifications
+    // for entry_frame_call_wrapper_offset and frame::real_fp).
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    {
+      Label no_parameters, pass_parameters;
+      __ cmp(R3, 0);
+      __ b(no_parameters, eq);
+
+      __ bind(pass_parameters);
+      __ ldr(Rtemp, Address(R2, wordSize, post_indexed)); // Rtemp OK, unused and scratchable
+      __ subs(R3, R3, 1);
+      __ push(Rtemp);
+      __ b(pass_parameters, ne);
+      __ bind(no_parameters);
+    }
+
+    __ mov(Rsender_sp, SP);
+    __ blx(R1);
+    return_address = __ pc();
+
+    __ add(SP, FP, wordSize); // Skip link to JavaCallWrapper
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(R2, R3));
+#ifndef __ABI_HARD__
+    __ cmp(R3, T_LONG);
+    __ cmp(R3, T_DOUBLE, ne);
+    __ str(R0, Address(R2));
+    __ str(R1, Address(R2, wordSize), eq);
+#else
+    Label cont, l_float, l_double;
+
+    __ cmp(R3, T_DOUBLE);
+    __ b(l_double, eq);
+
+    __ cmp(R3, T_FLOAT);
+    __ b(l_float, eq);
+
+    __ cmp(R3, T_LONG);
+    __ str(R0, Address(R2));
+    __ str(R1, Address(R2, wordSize), eq);
+    __ b(cont);
+
+
+    __ bind(l_double);
+    __ fstd(D0, Address(R2));
+    __ b(cont);
+
+    __ bind(l_float);
+    __ fsts(S0, Address(R2));
+
+    __ bind(cont);
+#endif
+
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(R4, R6) | RegisterSet(R8, R10) | altFP_7_11);
+#ifndef __SOFTFP__
+    __ fldmiad(SP, FloatRegisterSet(D8, 8), writeback);
+#endif
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(FP) | RegisterSet(PC));
+
+#endif // AARCH64
+    return start;
+  }
+
+
+  // (in) Rexception_obj: exception oop
+  address generate_catch_exception() {
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "catch_exception");
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    __ str(Rexception_obj, Address(Rthread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()));
+    __ b(StubRoutines::_call_stub_return_address);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+
+  // (in) Rexception_pc: return address
+  address generate_forward_exception() {
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "forward exception");
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    __ mov(c_rarg0, Rthread);
+    __ mov(c_rarg1, Rexception_pc);
+    __ call_VM_leaf(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address,
+                         SharedRuntime::exception_handler_for_return_address),
+                         c_rarg0, c_rarg1);
+    __ ldr(Rexception_obj, Address(Rthread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()));
+    const Register Rzero = __ zero_register(Rtemp); // Rtemp OK (cleared by above call)
+    __ str(Rzero, Address(Rthread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()));
+
+#ifdef ASSERT
+    // make sure exception is set
+    { Label L;
+      __ cbnz(Rexception_obj, L);
+      __ stop("StubRoutines::forward exception: no pending exception (2)");
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Verify that there is really a valid exception in RAX.
+    __ verify_oop(Rexception_obj);
+
+    __ jump(R0); // handler is returned in R0 by runtime function
+    return start;
+  }
+
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+
+  // Integer division shared routine
+  //   Input:
+  //     R0  - dividend
+  //     R2  - divisor
+  //   Output:
+  //     R0  - remainder
+  //     R1  - quotient
+  //   Destroys:
+  //     R2
+  //     LR
+  address generate_idiv_irem() {
+    Label positive_arguments, negative_or_zero, call_slow_path;
+    Register dividend  = R0;
+    Register divisor   = R2;
+    Register remainder = R0;
+    Register quotient  = R1;
+    Register tmp       = LR;
+    assert(dividend == remainder, "must be");
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    // Check for special cases: divisor <= 0 or dividend < 0
+    __ cmp(divisor, 0);
+    __ orrs(quotient, dividend, divisor, ne);
+    __ b(negative_or_zero, le);
+
+    __ bind(positive_arguments);
+    // Save return address on stack to free one extra register
+    __ push(LR);
+    // Approximate the mamximum order of the quotient
+    __ clz(tmp, dividend);
+    __ clz(quotient, divisor);
+    __ subs(tmp, quotient, tmp);
+    __ mov(quotient, 0);
+    // Jump to the appropriate place in the unrolled loop below
+    __ ldr(PC, Address(PC, tmp, lsl, 2), pl);
+    // If divisor is greater than dividend, return immediately
+    __ pop(PC);
+
+    // Offset table
+    Label offset_table[32];
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i <= 31; i++) {
+      __ emit_address(offset_table[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Unrolled loop of 32 division steps
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+      __ bind(offset_table[i]);
+      __ cmp(remainder, AsmOperand(divisor, lsl, i));
+      __ sub(remainder, remainder, AsmOperand(divisor, lsl, i), hs);
+      __ add(quotient, quotient, 1 << i, hs);
+    }
+    __ pop(PC);
+
+    __ bind(negative_or_zero);
+    // Find the combination of argument signs and jump to corresponding handler
+    __ andr(quotient, dividend, 0x80000000, ne);
+    __ orr(quotient, quotient, AsmOperand(divisor, lsr, 31), ne);
+    __ add(PC, PC, AsmOperand(quotient, ror, 26), ne);
+    __ str(LR, Address(Rthread, JavaThread::saved_exception_pc_offset()));
+
+    // The leaf runtime function can destroy R0-R3 and R12 registers which are still alive
+    RegisterSet saved_registers = RegisterSet(R3) | RegisterSet(R12);
+#if R9_IS_SCRATCHED
+    // Safer to save R9 here since callers may have been written
+    // assuming R9 survives. This is suboptimal but may not be worth
+    // revisiting for this slow case.
+
+    // save also R10 for alignment
+    saved_registers = saved_registers | RegisterSet(R9, R10);
+#endif
+    {
+      // divisor == 0
+      FixedSizeCodeBlock zero_divisor(_masm, 8, true);
+      __ push(saved_registers);
+      __ mov(R0, Rthread);
+      __ mov(R1, LR);
+      __ mov(R2, SharedRuntime::IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
+      __ b(call_slow_path);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // divisor > 0 && dividend < 0
+      FixedSizeCodeBlock positive_divisor_negative_dividend(_masm, 8, true);
+      __ push(LR);
+      __ rsb(dividend, dividend, 0);
+      __ bl(positive_arguments);
+      __ rsb(remainder, remainder, 0);
+      __ rsb(quotient, quotient, 0);
+      __ pop(PC);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // divisor < 0 && dividend > 0
+      FixedSizeCodeBlock negative_divisor_positive_dividend(_masm, 8, true);
+      __ push(LR);
+      __ rsb(divisor, divisor, 0);
+      __ bl(positive_arguments);
+      __ rsb(quotient, quotient, 0);
+      __ pop(PC);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // divisor < 0 && dividend < 0
+      FixedSizeCodeBlock negative_divisor_negative_dividend(_masm, 8, true);
+      __ push(LR);
+      __ rsb(dividend, dividend, 0);
+      __ rsb(divisor, divisor, 0);
+      __ bl(positive_arguments);
+      __ rsb(remainder, remainder, 0);
+      __ pop(PC);
+    }
+
+    __ bind(call_slow_path);
+    __ call(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::continuation_for_implicit_exception));
+    __ pop(saved_registers);
+    __ bx(R0);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+
+ // As per atomic.hpp the Atomic read-modify-write operations must be logically implemented as:
+ //  <fence>; <op>; <membar StoreLoad|StoreStore>
+ // But for load-linked/store-conditional based systems a fence here simply means
+ // no load/store can be reordered with respect to the initial load-linked, so we have:
+ // <membar storeload|loadload> ; load-linked; <op>; store-conditional; <membar storeload|storestore>
+ // There are no memory actions in <op> so nothing further is needed.
+ //
+ // So we define the following for convenience:
+#define MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_PRE \
+    MacroAssembler::Membar_mask_bits(MacroAssembler::StoreLoad|MacroAssembler::LoadLoad)
+#define MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_POST \
+    MacroAssembler::Membar_mask_bits(MacroAssembler::StoreLoad|MacroAssembler::StoreStore)
+
+  // Note: JDK 9 only supports ARMv7+ so we always have ldrexd available even though the
+  // code below allows for it to be otherwise. The else clause indicates an ARMv5 system
+  // for which we do not support MP and so membars are not necessary. This ARMv5 code will
+  // be removed in the future.
+
+  // Support for jint Atomic::add(jint add_value, volatile jint *dest)
+  //
+  // Arguments :
+  //
+  //      add_value:      R0
+  //      dest:           R1
+  //
+  // Results:
+  //
+  //     R0: the new stored in dest
+  //
+  // Overwrites:
+  //
+  //     R1, R2, R3
+  //
+  address generate_atomic_add() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_add");
+    Label retry;
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register addval    = R0;
+    Register dest      = R1;
+    Register prev      = R2;
+    Register ok        = R2;
+    Register newval    = R3;
+
+    if (VM_Version::supports_ldrex()) {
+      __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_PRE, prev);
+      __ bind(retry);
+      __ ldrex(newval, Address(dest));
+      __ add(newval, addval, newval);
+      __ strex(ok, newval, Address(dest));
+      __ cmp(ok, 0);
+      __ b(retry, ne);
+      __ mov (R0, newval);
+      __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_POST, prev);
+    } else {
+      __ bind(retry);
+      __ ldr (prev, Address(dest));
+      __ add(newval, addval, prev);
+      __ atomic_cas_bool(prev, newval, dest, 0, noreg/*ignored*/);
+      __ b(retry, ne);
+      __ mov (R0, newval);
+    }
+    __ bx(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Support for jint Atomic::xchg(jint exchange_value, volatile jint *dest)
+  //
+  // Arguments :
+  //
+  //      exchange_value: R0
+  //      dest:           R1
+  //
+  // Results:
+  //
+  //     R0: the value previously stored in dest
+  //
+  // Overwrites:
+  //
+  //     R1, R2, R3
+  //
+  address generate_atomic_xchg() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_xchg");
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register newval    = R0;
+    Register dest      = R1;
+    Register prev      = R2;
+
+    Label retry;
+
+    if (VM_Version::supports_ldrex()) {
+      Register ok=R3;
+      __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_PRE, prev);
+      __ bind(retry);
+      __ ldrex(prev, Address(dest));
+      __ strex(ok, newval, Address(dest));
+      __ cmp(ok, 0);
+      __ b(retry, ne);
+      __ mov (R0, prev);
+      __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_POST, prev);
+    } else {
+      __ bind(retry);
+      __ ldr (prev, Address(dest));
+      __ atomic_cas_bool(prev, newval, dest, 0, noreg/*ignored*/);
+      __ b(retry, ne);
+      __ mov (R0, prev);
+    }
+    __ bx(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Support for jint Atomic::cmpxchg(jint exchange_value, volatile jint *dest, jint compare_value)
+  //
+  // Arguments :
+  //
+  //      compare_value:  R0
+  //      exchange_value: R1
+  //      dest:           R2
+  //
+  // Results:
+  //
+  //     R0: the value previously stored in dest
+  //
+  // Overwrites:
+  //
+  //     R0, R1, R2, R3, Rtemp
+  //
+  address generate_atomic_cmpxchg() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_cmpxchg");
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register cmp       = R0;
+    Register newval    = R1;
+    Register dest      = R2;
+    Register temp1     = R3;
+    Register temp2     = Rtemp; // Rtemp free (native ABI)
+
+    __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_PRE, temp1);
+
+    // atomic_cas returns previous value in R0
+    __ atomic_cas(temp1, temp2, cmp, newval, dest, 0);
+
+    __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_POST, temp1);
+
+    __ bx(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Support for jlong Atomic::cmpxchg(jlong exchange_value, volatile jlong *dest, jlong compare_value)
+  // reordered before by a wrapper to (jlong compare_value, jlong exchange_value, volatile jlong *dest)
+  //
+  // Arguments :
+  //
+  //      compare_value:  R1 (High), R0 (Low)
+  //      exchange_value: R3 (High), R2 (Low)
+  //      dest:           SP+0
+  //
+  // Results:
+  //
+  //     R0:R1: the value previously stored in dest
+  //
+  // Overwrites:
+  //
+  address generate_atomic_cmpxchg_long() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_cmpxchg_long");
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register cmp_lo      = R0;
+    Register cmp_hi      = R1;
+    Register newval_lo   = R2;
+    Register newval_hi   = R3;
+    Register addr        = Rtemp;  /* After load from stack */
+    Register temp_lo     = R4;
+    Register temp_hi     = R5;
+    Register temp_result = R8;
+    assert_different_registers(cmp_lo, newval_lo, temp_lo, addr, temp_result, R7);
+    assert_different_registers(cmp_hi, newval_hi, temp_hi, addr, temp_result, R7);
+
+    __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_PRE, Rtemp); // Rtemp free (native ABI)
+
+    // Stack is unaligned, maintain double word alignment by pushing
+    // odd number of regs.
+    __ push(RegisterSet(temp_result) | RegisterSet(temp_lo, temp_hi));
+    __ ldr(addr, Address(SP, 12));
+
+    // atomic_cas64 returns previous value in temp_lo, temp_hi
+    __ atomic_cas64(temp_lo, temp_hi, temp_result, cmp_lo, cmp_hi,
+                    newval_lo, newval_hi, addr, 0);
+    __ mov(R0, temp_lo);
+    __ mov(R1, temp_hi);
+
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(temp_result) | RegisterSet(temp_lo, temp_hi));
+
+    __ membar(MEMBAR_ATOMIC_OP_POST, Rtemp); // Rtemp free (native ABI)
+    __ bx(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  address generate_atomic_load_long() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_load_long");
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register result_lo = R0;
+    Register result_hi = R1;
+    Register src       = R0;
+
+    if (!os::is_MP()) {
+      __ ldmia(src, RegisterSet(result_lo, result_hi));
+      __ bx(LR);
+    } else if (VM_Version::supports_ldrexd()) {
+      __ ldrexd(result_lo, Address(src));
+      __ clrex(); // FIXME: safe to remove?
+      __ bx(LR);
+    } else {
+      __ stop("Atomic load(jlong) unsupported on this platform");
+      __ bx(LR);
+    }
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  address generate_atomic_store_long() {
+    address start;
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_store_long");
+    start = __ pc();
+    Register newval_lo = R0;
+    Register newval_hi = R1;
+    Register dest      = R2;
+    Register scratch_lo    = R2;
+    Register scratch_hi    = R3;  /* After load from stack */
+    Register result    = R3;
+
+    if (!os::is_MP()) {
+      __ stmia(dest, RegisterSet(newval_lo, newval_hi));
+      __ bx(LR);
+    } else if (VM_Version::supports_ldrexd()) {
+      __ mov(Rtemp, dest);  // get dest to Rtemp
+      Label retry;
+      __ bind(retry);
+      __ ldrexd(scratch_lo, Address(Rtemp));
+      __ strexd(result, R0, Address(Rtemp));
+      __ rsbs(result, result, 1);
+      __ b(retry, eq);
+      __ bx(LR);
+    } else {
+      __ stop("Atomic store(jlong) unsupported on this platform");
+      __ bx(LR);
+    }
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+#ifdef COMPILER2
+  // Support for uint StubRoutine::Arm::partial_subtype_check( Klass sub, Klass super );
+  // Arguments :
+  //
+  //      ret  : R0, returned
+  //      icc/xcc: set as R0 (depending on wordSize)
+  //      sub  : R1, argument, not changed
+  //      super: R2, argument, not changed
+  //      raddr: LR, blown by call
+  address generate_partial_subtype_check() {
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "partial_subtype_check");
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    // based on SPARC check_klass_subtype_[fast|slow]_path (without CompressedOops)
+
+    // R0 used as tmp_reg (in addition to return reg)
+    Register sub_klass = R1;
+    Register super_klass = R2;
+    Register tmp_reg2 = R3;
+    Register tmp_reg3 = R4;
+#define saved_set tmp_reg2, tmp_reg3
+
+    Label L_loop, L_fail;
+
+    int sc_offset = in_bytes(Klass::secondary_super_cache_offset());
+
+    // fast check should be redundant
+
+    // slow check
+    {
+      __ raw_push(saved_set);
+
+      // a couple of useful fields in sub_klass:
+      int ss_offset = in_bytes(Klass::secondary_supers_offset());
+
+      // Do a linear scan of the secondary super-klass chain.
+      // This code is rarely used, so simplicity is a virtue here.
+
+      inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_partial_subtype_ctr, tmp_reg2, tmp_reg3);
+
+      Register scan_temp = tmp_reg2;
+      Register count_temp = tmp_reg3;
+
+      // We will consult the secondary-super array.
+      __ ldr(scan_temp, Address(sub_klass, ss_offset));
+
+      Register search_key = super_klass;
+
+      // Load the array length.
+      __ ldr_s32(count_temp, Address(scan_temp, Array<Klass*>::length_offset_in_bytes()));
+      __ add(scan_temp, scan_temp, Array<Klass*>::base_offset_in_bytes());
+
+      __ add(count_temp, count_temp, 1);
+
+      // Top of search loop
+      __ bind(L_loop);
+      // Notes:
+      //  scan_temp starts at the array elements
+      //  count_temp is 1+size
+      __ subs(count_temp, count_temp, 1);
+      __ b(L_fail, eq); // not found in the array
+
+      // Load next super to check
+      // In the array of super classes elements are pointer sized.
+      int element_size = wordSize;
+      __ ldr(R0, Address(scan_temp, element_size, post_indexed));
+
+      // Look for Rsuper_klass on Rsub_klass's secondary super-class-overflow list
+      __ subs(R0, R0, search_key); // set R0 to 0 on success (and flags to eq)
+
+      // A miss means we are NOT a subtype and need to keep looping
+      __ b(L_loop, ne);
+
+      // Falling out the bottom means we found a hit; we ARE a subtype
+
+      // Success.  Cache the super we found and proceed in triumph.
+      __ str(super_klass, Address(sub_klass, sc_offset));
+
+      // Return success
+      // R0 is already 0 and flags are already set to eq
+      __ raw_pop(saved_set);
+      __ ret();
+
+      // Return failure
+      __ bind(L_fail);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      // count_temp is 0, can't use ZR here
+      __ adds(R0, count_temp, 1); // sets the flags
+#else
+      __ movs(R0, 1); // sets the flags
+#endif
+      __ raw_pop(saved_set);
+      __ ret();
+    }
+    return start;
+  }
+#undef saved_set
+#endif // COMPILER2
+
+
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Non-destructive plausibility checks for oops
+
+  address generate_verify_oop() {
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "verify_oop");
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    // Incoming arguments:
+    //
+    // R0: error message (char* )
+    // R1: address of register save area
+    // R2: oop to verify
+    //
+    // All registers are saved before calling this stub. However, condition flags should be saved here.
+
+    const Register oop   = R2;
+    const Register klass = R3;
+    const Register tmp1  = R6;
+    const Register tmp2  = R8;
+
+    const Register flags     = Rtmp_save0; // R4/R19
+    const Register ret_addr  = Rtmp_save1; // R5/R20
+    assert_different_registers(oop, klass, tmp1, tmp2, flags, ret_addr, R7);
+
+    Label exit, error;
+    InlinedAddress verify_oop_count((address) StubRoutines::verify_oop_count_addr());
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ mrs(flags, Assembler::SysReg_NZCV);
+#else
+    __ mrs(Assembler::CPSR, flags);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ ldr_literal(tmp1, verify_oop_count);
+    __ ldr_s32(tmp2, Address(tmp1));
+    __ add(tmp2, tmp2, 1);
+    __ str_32(tmp2, Address(tmp1));
+
+    // make sure object is 'reasonable'
+    __ cbz(oop, exit);                           // if obj is NULL it is ok
+
+    // Check if the oop is in the right area of memory
+    // Note: oop_mask and oop_bits must be updated if the code is saved/reused
+    const address oop_mask = (address) Universe::verify_oop_mask();
+    const address oop_bits = (address) Universe::verify_oop_bits();
+    __ mov_address(tmp1, oop_mask, symbolic_Relocation::oop_mask_reference);
+    __ andr(tmp2, oop, tmp1);
+    __ mov_address(tmp1, oop_bits, symbolic_Relocation::oop_bits_reference);
+    __ cmp(tmp2, tmp1);
+    __ b(error, ne);
+
+    // make sure klass is 'reasonable'
+    __ load_klass(klass, oop);                   // get klass
+    __ cbz(klass, error);                        // if klass is NULL it is broken
+
+    // return if everything seems ok
+    __ bind(exit);
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ msr(Assembler::SysReg_NZCV, flags);
+#else
+    __ msr(Assembler::CPSR_f, flags);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ ret();
+
+    // handle errors
+    __ bind(error);
+
+    __ mov(ret_addr, LR);                      // save return address
+
+    // R0: error message
+    // R1: register save area
+    __ call(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, MacroAssembler::debug));
+
+    __ mov(LR, ret_addr);
+    __ b(exit);
+
+    __ bind_literal(verify_oop_count);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Array copy stubs
+
+  //
+  //  Generate overlap test for array copy stubs
+  //
+  //  Input:
+  //    R0    -  array1
+  //    R1    -  array2
+  //    R2    -  element count, 32-bit int
+  //
+  //  input registers are preserved
+  //
+  void array_overlap_test(address no_overlap_target, int log2_elem_size, Register tmp1, Register tmp2) {
+    assert(no_overlap_target != NULL, "must be generated");
+    array_overlap_test(no_overlap_target, NULL, log2_elem_size, tmp1, tmp2);
+  }
+  void array_overlap_test(Label& L_no_overlap, int log2_elem_size, Register tmp1, Register tmp2) {
+    array_overlap_test(NULL, &L_no_overlap, log2_elem_size, tmp1, tmp2);
+  }
+  void array_overlap_test(address no_overlap_target, Label* NOLp, int log2_elem_size, Register tmp1, Register tmp2) {
+    const Register from       = R0;
+    const Register to         = R1;
+    const Register count      = R2;
+    const Register to_from    = tmp1; // to - from
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    const Register byte_count = (log2_elem_size == 0) ? count : tmp2; // count << log2_elem_size
+#endif // AARCH64
+    assert_different_registers(from, to, count, tmp1, tmp2);
+
+    // no_overlap version works if 'to' lower (unsigned) than 'from'
+    // and or 'to' more than (count*size) from 'from'
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("Array Overlap Test:");
+    __ subs(to_from, to, from);
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    if (log2_elem_size != 0) {
+      __ mov(byte_count, AsmOperand(count, lsl, log2_elem_size));
+    }
+#endif // !AARCH64
+    if (NOLp == NULL)
+      __ b(no_overlap_target,lo);
+    else
+      __ b((*NOLp), lo);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ subs(ZR, to_from, count, ex_sxtw, log2_elem_size);
+#else
+    __ cmp(to_from, byte_count);
+#endif // AARCH64
+    if (NOLp == NULL)
+      __ b(no_overlap_target, ge);
+    else
+      __ b((*NOLp), ge);
+  }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+  // TODO-AARCH64: revise usages of bulk_* methods (probably ldp`s and stp`s should interlace)
+
+  // Loads [from, from + count*wordSize) into regs[0], regs[1], ..., regs[count-1]
+  // and increases 'from' by count*wordSize.
+  void bulk_load_forward(Register from, const Register regs[], int count) {
+    assert (count > 0 && count % 2 == 0, "count must be positive even number");
+    int bytes = count * wordSize;
+
+    int offset = 0;
+    __ ldp(regs[0], regs[1], Address(from, bytes, post_indexed));
+    offset += 2*wordSize;
+
+    for (int i = 2; i < count; i += 2) {
+      __ ldp(regs[i], regs[i+1], Address(from, -bytes + offset));
+      offset += 2*wordSize;
+    }
+
+    assert (offset == bytes, "must be");
+  }
+
+  // Stores regs[0], regs[1], ..., regs[count-1] to [to, to + count*wordSize)
+  // and increases 'to' by count*wordSize.
+  void bulk_store_forward(Register to, const Register regs[], int count) {
+    assert (count > 0 && count % 2 == 0, "count must be positive even number");
+    int bytes = count * wordSize;
+
+    int offset = 0;
+    __ stp(regs[0], regs[1], Address(to, bytes, post_indexed));
+    offset += 2*wordSize;
+
+    for (int i = 2; i < count; i += 2) {
+      __ stp(regs[i], regs[i+1], Address(to, -bytes + offset));
+      offset += 2*wordSize;
+    }
+
+    assert (offset == bytes, "must be");
+  }
+
+  // Loads [from - count*wordSize, from) into regs[0], regs[1], ..., regs[count-1]
+  // and decreases 'from' by count*wordSize.
+  // Note that the word with lowest address goes to regs[0].
+  void bulk_load_backward(Register from, const Register regs[], int count) {
+    assert (count > 0 && count % 2 == 0, "count must be positive even number");
+    int bytes = count * wordSize;
+
+    int offset = 0;
+
+    for (int i = count - 2; i > 0; i -= 2) {
+      offset += 2*wordSize;
+      __ ldp(regs[i], regs[i+1], Address(from, -offset));
+    }
+
+    offset += 2*wordSize;
+    __ ldp(regs[0], regs[1], Address(from, -bytes, pre_indexed));
+
+    assert (offset == bytes, "must be");
+  }
+
+  // Stores regs[0], regs[1], ..., regs[count-1] into [to - count*wordSize, to)
+  // and decreases 'to' by count*wordSize.
+  // Note that regs[0] value goes into the memory with lowest address.
+  void bulk_store_backward(Register to, const Register regs[], int count) {
+    assert (count > 0 && count % 2 == 0, "count must be positive even number");
+    int bytes = count * wordSize;
+
+    int offset = 0;
+
+    for (int i = count - 2; i > 0; i -= 2) {
+      offset += 2*wordSize;
+      __ stp(regs[i], regs[i+1], Address(to, -offset));
+    }
+
+    offset += 2*wordSize;
+    __ stp(regs[0], regs[1], Address(to, -bytes, pre_indexed));
+
+    assert (offset == bytes, "must be");
+  }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+  // TODO-AARCH64: rearrange in-loop prefetches:
+  //   probably we should choose between "prefetch-store before or after store", not "before or after load".
+  void prefetch(Register from, Register to, int offset, int to_delta = 0) {
+    __ prefetch_read(Address(from, offset));
+#ifdef AARCH64
+  // Next line commented out to avoid significant loss of performance in memory copy - JDK-8078120
+  // __ prfm(pstl1keep, Address(to, offset + to_delta));
+#endif // AARCH64
+  }
+
+  // Generate the inner loop for forward aligned array copy
+  //
+  // Arguments
+  //      from:      src address, 64 bits  aligned
+  //      to:        dst address, wordSize aligned
+  //      count:     number of elements (32-bit int)
+  //      bytes_per_count: number of bytes for each unit of 'count'
+  //
+  // Return the minimum initial value for count
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - 'from' aligned on 64-bit (recommended for 32-bit ARM in case this speeds up LDMIA, required for AArch64)
+  // - 'to' aligned on wordSize
+  // - 'count' must be greater or equal than the returned value
+  //
+  // Increases 'from' and 'to' by count*bytes_per_count.
+  //
+  // Scratches 'count', R3.
+  // On AArch64 also scratches R4-R10; on 32-bit ARM R4-R10 are preserved (saved/restored).
+  //
+  int generate_forward_aligned_copy_loop(Register from, Register to, Register count, int bytes_per_count) {
+    assert (from == R0 && to == R1 && count == R2, "adjust the implementation below");
+
+    const int bytes_per_loop = 8*wordSize; // 8 registers are read and written on every loop iteration
+    arraycopy_loop_config *config=&arraycopy_configurations[ArmCopyPlatform].forward_aligned;
+    int pld_offset = config->pld_distance;
+    const int count_per_loop = bytes_per_loop / bytes_per_count;
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    bool split_read= config->split_ldm;
+    bool split_write= config->split_stm;
+
+    // XXX optim: use VLDM/VSTM when available (Neon) with PLD
+    //  NEONCopyPLD
+    //      PLD [r1, #0xC0]
+    //      VLDM r1!,{d0-d7}
+    //      VSTM r0!,{d0-d7}
+    //      SUBS r2,r2,#0x40
+    //      BGE NEONCopyPLD
+
+    __ push(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+    const bool prefetch_before = pld_offset < 0;
+    const bool prefetch_after = pld_offset > 0;
+
+    Label L_skip_pld;
+
+    // predecrease to exit when there is less than count_per_loop
+    __ sub_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+
+    if (pld_offset != 0) {
+      pld_offset = (pld_offset < 0) ? -pld_offset : pld_offset;
+
+      prefetch(from, to, 0);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        // If prefetch is done ahead, final PLDs that overflow the
+        // copied area can be easily avoided. 'count' is predecreased
+        // by the prefetch distance to optimize the inner loop and the
+        // outer loop skips the PLD.
+        __ subs_32(count, count, (bytes_per_loop+pld_offset)/bytes_per_count);
+
+        // skip prefetch for small copies
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, lt);
+      }
+
+      int offset = ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      while (offset <= pld_offset) {
+        prefetch(from, to, offset);
+        offset += ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      };
+    }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    const Register data_regs[8] = {R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10};
+#endif // AARCH64
+    {
+      // LDM (32-bit ARM) / LDP (AArch64) copy of 'bytes_per_loop' bytes
+
+      // 32-bit ARM note: we have tried implementing loop unrolling to skip one
+      // PLD with 64 bytes cache line but the gain was not significant.
+
+      Label L_copy_loop;
+      __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+      __ BIND(L_copy_loop);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        prefetch(from, to, bytes_per_loop + pld_offset);
+        __ BIND(L_skip_pld);
+      }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      bulk_load_forward(from, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+      if (split_read) {
+        // Split the register set in two sets so that there is less
+        // latency between LDM and STM (R3-R6 available while R7-R10
+        // still loading) and less register locking issue when iterating
+        // on the first LDM.
+        __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback);
+        __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback);
+      } else {
+        __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback);
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      __ subs_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+
+      if (prefetch_after) {
+        prefetch(from, to, pld_offset, bytes_per_loop);
+      }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+      if (split_write) {
+        __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback);
+        __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback);
+      } else {
+        __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback);
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      __ b(L_copy_loop, ge);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        // the inner loop may end earlier, allowing to skip PLD for the last iterations
+        __ cmn_32(count, (bytes_per_loop + pld_offset)/bytes_per_count);
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, ge);
+      }
+    }
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("Remaining bytes:");
+    // still 0..bytes_per_loop-1 aligned bytes to copy, count already decreased by (at least) bytes_per_loop bytes
+
+    // __ add(count, count, ...); // addition useless for the bit tests
+    assert (pld_offset % bytes_per_loop == 0, "decreasing count by pld_offset before loop must not change tested bits");
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    assert (bytes_per_loop == 64, "adjust the code below");
+    assert (bytes_per_count <= 8, "adjust the code below");
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(32/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      bulk_load_forward(from, data_regs, 4);
+      bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 4);
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(16/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      bulk_load_forward(from, data_regs, 2);
+      bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 2);
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(8/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldr(R3, Address(from, 8, post_indexed));
+      __ str(R3, Address(to,   8, post_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 4) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(4/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldr_w(R3, Address(from, 4, post_indexed));
+      __ str_w(R3, Address(to,   4, post_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(2/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldrh(R3, Address(from, 2, post_indexed));
+      __ strh(R3, Address(to,   2, post_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 1) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, 0, L);
+
+      __ ldrb(R3, Address(from, 1, post_indexed));
+      __ strb(R3, Address(to,   1, post_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+#else
+    __ tst(count, 16 / bytes_per_count);
+    __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne); // copy 16 bytes
+    __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne);
+
+    __ tst(count, 8 / bytes_per_count);
+    __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne); // copy 8 bytes
+    __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne);
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 4) {
+      __ tst(count, 4 / bytes_per_count);
+      __ ldr(R3, Address(from, 4, post_indexed), ne); // copy 4 bytes
+      __ str(R3, Address(to, 4, post_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      __ tst(count, 2 / bytes_per_count);
+      __ ldrh(R3, Address(from, 2, post_indexed), ne); // copy 2 bytes
+      __ strh(R3, Address(to, 2, post_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count == 1) {
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      __ ldrb(R3, Address(from, 1, post_indexed), ne);
+      __ strb(R3, Address(to, 1, post_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    return count_per_loop;
+  }
+
+
+  // Generate the inner loop for backward aligned array copy
+  //
+  // Arguments
+  //      end_from:      src end address, 64 bits  aligned
+  //      end_to:        dst end address, wordSize aligned
+  //      count:         number of elements (32-bit int)
+  //      bytes_per_count: number of bytes for each unit of 'count'
+  //
+  // Return the minimum initial value for count
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - 'end_from' aligned on 64-bit (recommended for 32-bit ARM in case this speeds up LDMIA, required for AArch64)
+  // - 'end_to' aligned on wordSize
+  // - 'count' must be greater or equal than the returned value
+  //
+  // Decreases 'end_from' and 'end_to' by count*bytes_per_count.
+  //
+  // Scratches 'count', R3.
+  // On AArch64 also scratches R4-R10; on 32-bit ARM R4-R10 are preserved (saved/restored).
+  //
+  int generate_backward_aligned_copy_loop(Register end_from, Register end_to, Register count, int bytes_per_count) {
+    assert (end_from == R0 && end_to == R1 && count == R2, "adjust the implementation below");
+
+    const int bytes_per_loop = 8*wordSize; // 8 registers are read and written on every loop iteration
+    const int count_per_loop = bytes_per_loop / bytes_per_count;
+
+    arraycopy_loop_config *config=&arraycopy_configurations[ArmCopyPlatform].backward_aligned;
+    int pld_offset = config->pld_distance;
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    bool split_read= config->split_ldm;
+    bool split_write= config->split_stm;
+
+    // See the forward copy variant for additional comments.
+
+    __ push(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+    __ sub_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+
+    const bool prefetch_before = pld_offset < 0;
+    const bool prefetch_after = pld_offset > 0;
+
+    Label L_skip_pld;
+
+    if (pld_offset != 0) {
+      pld_offset = (pld_offset < 0) ? -pld_offset : pld_offset;
+
+      prefetch(end_from, end_to, -wordSize);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        __ subs_32(count, count, (bytes_per_loop + pld_offset) / bytes_per_count);
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, lt);
+      }
+
+      int offset = ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      while (offset <= pld_offset) {
+        prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + offset));
+        offset += ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      };
+    }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    const Register data_regs[8] = {R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10};
+#endif // AARCH64
+    {
+      // LDM (32-bit ARM) / LDP (AArch64) copy of 'bytes_per_loop' bytes
+
+      // 32-bit ARM note: we have tried implementing loop unrolling to skip one
+      // PLD with 64 bytes cache line but the gain was not significant.
+
+      Label L_copy_loop;
+      __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+      __ BIND(L_copy_loop);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + bytes_per_loop + pld_offset));
+        __ BIND(L_skip_pld);
+      }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      bulk_load_backward(end_from, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+      if (split_read) {
+        __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback);
+        __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback);
+      } else {
+        __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback);
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      __ subs_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+
+      if (prefetch_after) {
+        prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + pld_offset), -bytes_per_loop);
+      }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      bulk_store_backward(end_to, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+      if (split_write) {
+        __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback);
+        __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback);
+      } else {
+        __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback);
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      __ b(L_copy_loop, ge);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        __ cmn_32(count, (bytes_per_loop + pld_offset)/bytes_per_count);
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, ge);
+      }
+    }
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("Remaining bytes:");
+    // still 0..bytes_per_loop-1 aligned bytes to copy, count already decreased by (at least) bytes_per_loop bytes
+
+    // __ add(count, count, ...); // addition useless for the bit tests
+    assert (pld_offset % bytes_per_loop == 0, "decreasing count by pld_offset before loop must not change tested bits");
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    assert (bytes_per_loop == 64, "adjust the code below");
+    assert (bytes_per_count <= 8, "adjust the code below");
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(32/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      bulk_load_backward(end_from, data_regs, 4);
+      bulk_store_backward(end_to, data_regs, 4);
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(16/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      bulk_load_backward(end_from, data_regs, 2);
+      bulk_store_backward(end_to, data_regs, 2);
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(8/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldr(R3, Address(end_from, -8, pre_indexed));
+      __ str(R3, Address(end_to,   -8, pre_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 4) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(4/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldr_w(R3, Address(end_from, -4, pre_indexed));
+      __ str_w(R3, Address(end_to,   -4, pre_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(2/bytes_per_count), L);
+
+      __ ldrh(R3, Address(end_from, -2, pre_indexed));
+      __ strh(R3, Address(end_to,   -2, pre_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 1) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, 0, L);
+
+      __ ldrb(R3, Address(end_from, -1, pre_indexed));
+      __ strb(R3, Address(end_to,   -1, pre_indexed));
+
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+#else
+    __ tst(count, 16 / bytes_per_count);
+    __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne); // copy 16 bytes
+    __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne);
+
+    __ tst(count, 8 / bytes_per_count);
+    __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne); // copy 8 bytes
+    __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne);
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 4) {
+      __ tst(count, 4 / bytes_per_count);
+      __ ldr(R3, Address(end_from, -4, pre_indexed), ne); // copy 4 bytes
+      __ str(R3, Address(end_to, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      __ tst(count, 2 / bytes_per_count);
+      __ ldrh(R3, Address(end_from, -2, pre_indexed), ne); // copy 2 bytes
+      __ strh(R3, Address(end_to, -2, pre_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count == 1) {
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      __ ldrb(R3, Address(end_from, -1, pre_indexed), ne);
+      __ strb(R3, Address(end_to, -1, pre_indexed), ne);
+    }
+
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    return count_per_loop;
+  }
+
+
+  // Generate the inner loop for shifted forward array copy (unaligned copy).
+  // It can be used when bytes_per_count < wordSize, i.e.
+  //  byte/short copy on 32-bit ARM, byte/short/int/compressed-oop copy on AArch64.
+  //
+  // Arguments
+  //      from:      start src address, 64 bits aligned
+  //      to:        start dst address, (now) wordSize aligned
+  //      count:     number of elements (32-bit int)
+  //      bytes_per_count: number of bytes for each unit of 'count'
+  //      lsr_shift: shift applied to 'old' value to skipped already written bytes
+  //      lsl_shift: shift applied to 'new' value to set the high bytes of the next write
+  //
+  // Return the minimum initial value for count
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - 'from' aligned on 64-bit (recommended for 32-bit ARM in case this speeds up LDMIA, required for AArch64)
+  // - 'to' aligned on wordSize
+  // - 'count' must be greater or equal than the returned value
+  // - 'lsr_shift' + 'lsl_shift' = BitsPerWord
+  // - 'bytes_per_count' is 1 or 2 on 32-bit ARM; 1, 2 or 4 on AArch64
+  //
+  // Increases 'to' by count*bytes_per_count.
+  //
+  // Scratches 'from' and 'count', R3-R10, R12
+  //
+  // On entry:
+  // - R12 is preloaded with the first 'BitsPerWord' bits read just before 'from'
+  // - (R12 >> lsr_shift) is the part not yet written (just before 'to')
+  // --> (*to) = (R12 >> lsr_shift) | (*from) << lsl_shift); ...
+  //
+  // This implementation may read more bytes than required.
+  // Actually, it always reads exactly all data from the copied region with upper bound aligned up by wordSize,
+  // so excessive read do not cross a word bound and is thus harmless.
+  //
+  int generate_forward_shifted_copy_loop(Register from, Register to, Register count, int bytes_per_count, int lsr_shift, int lsl_shift) {
+    assert (from == R0 && to == R1 && count == R2, "adjust the implementation below");
+
+    const int bytes_per_loop = 8*wordSize; // 8 registers are read and written on every loop iter
+    const int count_per_loop = bytes_per_loop / bytes_per_count;
+
+    arraycopy_loop_config *config=&arraycopy_configurations[ArmCopyPlatform].forward_shifted;
+    int pld_offset = config->pld_distance;
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    bool split_read= config->split_ldm;
+    bool split_write= config->split_stm;
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+    const bool prefetch_before = pld_offset < 0;
+    const bool prefetch_after = pld_offset > 0;
+    Label L_skip_pld, L_last_read, L_done;
+    if (pld_offset != 0) {
+
+      pld_offset = (pld_offset < 0) ? -pld_offset : pld_offset;
+
+      prefetch(from, to, 0);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        __ cmp_32(count, count_per_loop);
+        __ b(L_last_read, lt);
+        // skip prefetch for small copies
+        // warning: count is predecreased by the prefetch distance to optimize the inner loop
+        __ subs_32(count, count, ((bytes_per_loop + pld_offset) / bytes_per_count) + count_per_loop);
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, lt);
+      }
+
+      int offset = ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      while (offset <= pld_offset) {
+        prefetch(from, to, offset);
+        offset += ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      };
+    }
+
+    Label L_shifted_loop;
+
+    __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+    __ BIND(L_shifted_loop);
+
+    if (prefetch_before) {
+      // do it early if there might be register locking issues
+      prefetch(from, to, bytes_per_loop + pld_offset);
+      __ BIND(L_skip_pld);
+    } else {
+      __ cmp_32(count, count_per_loop);
+      __ b(L_last_read, lt);
+    }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    const Register data_regs[9] = {R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12};
+    __ logical_shift_right(R3, R12, lsr_shift); // part of R12 not yet written
+    __ subs_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+    bulk_load_forward(from, &data_regs[1], 8);
+#else
+    // read 32 bytes
+    if (split_read) {
+      // if write is not split, use less registers in first set to reduce locking
+      RegisterSet set1 = split_write ? RegisterSet(R4, R7) : RegisterSet(R4, R5);
+      RegisterSet set2 = (split_write ? RegisterSet(R8, R10) : RegisterSet(R6, R10)) | R12;
+      __ ldmia(from, set1, writeback);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, lsr_shift)); // part of R12 not yet written
+      __ ldmia(from, set2, writeback);
+      __ subs(count, count, count_per_loop); // XXX: should it be before the 2nd LDM ? (latency vs locking)
+    } else {
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, lsr_shift)); // part of R12 not yet written
+      __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R4, R10) | R12, writeback); // Note: small latency on R4
+      __ subs(count, count, count_per_loop);
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    if (prefetch_after) {
+      // do it after the 1st ldm/ldp anyway  (no locking issues with early STM/STP)
+      prefetch(from, to, pld_offset, bytes_per_loop);
+    }
+
+    // prepare (shift) the values in R3..R10
+    __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift)); // merged below low bytes of next val
+    __ logical_shift_right(R4, R4, lsr_shift); // unused part of next val
+    __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift)); // ...
+    __ logical_shift_right(R5, R5, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R5, R5, AsmOperand(R6, lsl, lsl_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_right(R6, R6, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R6, R6, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift));
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    if (split_write) {
+      // write the first half as soon as possible to reduce stm locking
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    }
+#endif // !AARCH64
+    __ logical_shift_right(R7, R7, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R7, R7, AsmOperand(R8, lsl, lsl_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_right(R8, R8, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R8, R8, AsmOperand(R9, lsl, lsl_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_right(R9, R9, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R9, R9, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_right(R10, R10, lsr_shift);
+    __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R12, lsl, lsl_shift));
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+    if (split_write) {
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    } else {
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+    __ b(L_shifted_loop, gt); // no need to loop if 0 (when count need not be precise modulo bytes_per_loop)
+
+    if (prefetch_before) {
+      // the first loop may end earlier, allowing to skip pld at the end
+      __ cmn_32(count, (bytes_per_loop + pld_offset)/bytes_per_count);
+#ifndef AARCH64
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback); // stmia was skipped
+#endif // !AARCH64
+      __ b(L_skip_pld, ge);
+      __ adds_32(count, count, ((bytes_per_loop + pld_offset) / bytes_per_count) + count_per_loop);
+    }
+
+    __ BIND(L_last_read);
+    __ b(L_done, eq);
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    assert(bytes_per_count < 8, "adjust the code below");
+
+    __ logical_shift_right(R3, R12, lsr_shift);
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(32/bytes_per_count), L);
+      bulk_load_forward(from, &data_regs[1], 4);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_right(R4, R4, lsr_shift);
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_right(R5, R5, lsr_shift);
+      __ orr(R5, R5, AsmOperand(R6, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_right(R6, R6, lsr_shift);
+      __ orr(R6, R6, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 4);
+      __ logical_shift_right(R3, R7, lsr_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(16/bytes_per_count), L);
+      bulk_load_forward(from, &data_regs[1], 2);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_right(R4, R4, lsr_shift);
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      bulk_store_forward(to, data_regs, 2);
+      __ logical_shift_right(R3, R5, lsr_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(8/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 8, post_indexed));
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ str(R3, Address(to, 8, post_indexed));
+      __ logical_shift_right(R3, R4, lsr_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    const int have_bytes = lsl_shift/BitsPerByte; // number of already read bytes in R3
+
+    // It remains less than wordSize to write.
+    // Do not check count if R3 already has maximal number of loaded elements (one less than wordSize).
+    if (have_bytes < wordSize - bytes_per_count) {
+      Label L;
+      __ andr(count, count, (uintx)(8/bytes_per_count-1)); // make count exact
+      __ cmp_32(count, have_bytes/bytes_per_count); // do we have enough bytes to store?
+      __ b(L, le);
+      __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 8, post_indexed));
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift));
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(4/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ str_w(R3, Address(to, 4, post_indexed));
+      if (bytes_per_count < 4) {
+        __ logical_shift_right(R3, R3, 4*BitsPerByte);
+      }
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(2/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ strh(R3, Address(to, 2, post_indexed));
+      if (bytes_per_count < 2) {
+        __ logical_shift_right(R3, R3, 2*BitsPerByte);
+      }
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 1) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(1/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ strb(R3, Address(to, 1, post_indexed));
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+#else
+    switch (bytes_per_count) {
+    case 2:
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ tst(count, 8);
+      __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R4, R7), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // merged below low bytes of next val
+      __ mov(R4, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne); // unused part of next val
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // ...
+      __ mov(R5, AsmOperand(R5, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ orr(R5, R5, AsmOperand(R6, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R6, AsmOperand(R6, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ orr(R6, R6, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 4);
+      __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R4, R5), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // merged below low bytes of next val
+      __ mov(R4, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne); // unused part of next val
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // ...
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R5, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 2);
+      __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 4, post_indexed), ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ str(R3, Address(to, 4, post_indexed), ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      __ strh(R3, Address(to, 2, post_indexed), ne); // one last short
+      break;
+
+    case 1:
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ tst(count, 16);
+      __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R4, R7), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // merged below low bytes of next val
+      __ mov(R4, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne); // unused part of next val
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // ...
+      __ mov(R5, AsmOperand(R5, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ orr(R5, R5, AsmOperand(R6, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R6, AsmOperand(R6, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ orr(R6, R6, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 8);
+      __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(R4, R5), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // merged below low bytes of next val
+      __ mov(R4, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne); // unused part of next val
+      __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R5, lsl, lsl_shift), ne); // ...
+      __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(R3, R4), writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R5, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 4);
+      __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 4, post_indexed), ne);
+      __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+      __ str(R3, Address(to, 4, post_indexed), ne);
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+
+      __ andr(count, count, 3);
+      __ cmp(count, 2);
+
+      // Note: R3 might contain enough bytes ready to write (3 needed at most),
+      // thus load on lsl_shift==24 is not needed (in fact forces reading
+      // beyond source buffer end boundary)
+      if (lsl_shift == 8) {
+        __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 4, post_indexed), ge);
+        __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), ge);
+      } else if (lsl_shift == 16) {
+        __ ldr(R4, Address(from, 4, post_indexed), gt);
+        __ orr(R3, R3, AsmOperand(R4, lsl, lsl_shift), gt);
+      }
+
+      __ strh(R3, Address(to, 2, post_indexed), ge); // two last bytes
+      __ mov(R3, AsmOperand(R3, lsr, 16), gt);
+
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      __ strb(R3, Address(to, 1, post_indexed), ne); // one last byte
+      break;
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ BIND(L_done);
+    return 0; // no minimum
+  }
+
+  // Generate the inner loop for shifted backward array copy (unaligned copy).
+  // It can be used when bytes_per_count < wordSize, i.e.
+  //  byte/short copy on 32-bit ARM, byte/short/int/compressed-oop copy on AArch64.
+  //
+  // Arguments
+  //      end_from:  end src address, 64 bits aligned
+  //      end_to:    end dst address, (now) wordSize aligned
+  //      count:     number of elements (32-bit int)
+  //      bytes_per_count: number of bytes for each unit of 'count'
+  //      lsl_shift: shift applied to 'old' value to skipped already written bytes
+  //      lsr_shift: shift applied to 'new' value to set the low bytes of the next write
+  //
+  // Return the minimum initial value for count
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - 'end_from' aligned on 64-bit (recommended for 32-bit ARM in case this speeds up LDMIA, required for AArch64)
+  // - 'end_to' aligned on wordSize
+  // - 'count' must be greater or equal than the returned value
+  // - 'lsr_shift' + 'lsl_shift' = 'BitsPerWord'
+  // - 'bytes_per_count' is 1 or 2 on 32-bit ARM; 1, 2 or 4 on AArch64
+  //
+  // Decreases 'end_to' by count*bytes_per_count.
+  //
+  // Scratches 'end_from', 'count', R3-R10, R12
+  //
+  // On entry:
+  // - R3 is preloaded with the first 'BitsPerWord' bits read just after 'from'
+  // - (R3 << lsl_shift) is the part not yet written
+  // --> (*--to) = (R3 << lsl_shift) | (*--from) >> lsr_shift); ...
+  //
+  // This implementation may read more bytes than required.
+  // Actually, it always reads exactly all data from the copied region with beginning aligned down by wordSize,
+  // so excessive read do not cross a word bound and is thus harmless.
+  //
+  int generate_backward_shifted_copy_loop(Register end_from, Register end_to, Register count, int bytes_per_count, int lsr_shift, int lsl_shift) {
+    assert (end_from == R0 && end_to == R1 && count == R2, "adjust the implementation below");
+
+    const int bytes_per_loop = 8*wordSize; // 8 registers are read and written on every loop iter
+    const int count_per_loop = bytes_per_loop / bytes_per_count;
+
+    arraycopy_loop_config *config=&arraycopy_configurations[ArmCopyPlatform].backward_shifted;
+    int pld_offset = config->pld_distance;
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    bool split_read= config->split_ldm;
+    bool split_write= config->split_stm;
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+
+    const bool prefetch_before = pld_offset < 0;
+    const bool prefetch_after = pld_offset > 0;
+
+    Label L_skip_pld, L_done, L_last_read;
+    if (pld_offset != 0) {
+
+      pld_offset = (pld_offset < 0) ? -pld_offset : pld_offset;
+
+      prefetch(end_from, end_to, -wordSize);
+
+      if (prefetch_before) {
+        __ cmp_32(count, count_per_loop);
+        __ b(L_last_read, lt);
+
+        // skip prefetch for small copies
+        // warning: count is predecreased by the prefetch distance to optimize the inner loop
+        __ subs_32(count, count, ((bytes_per_loop + pld_offset)/bytes_per_count) + count_per_loop);
+        __ b(L_skip_pld, lt);
+      }
+
+      int offset = ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      while (offset <= pld_offset) {
+        prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + offset));
+        offset += ArmCopyCacheLineSize;
+      };
+    }
+
+    Label L_shifted_loop;
+    __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+    __ BIND(L_shifted_loop);
+
+    if (prefetch_before) {
+      // do the 1st ldm/ldp first anyway (no locking issues with early STM/STP)
+      prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + bytes_per_loop + pld_offset));
+      __ BIND(L_skip_pld);
+    } else {
+      __ cmp_32(count, count_per_loop);
+      __ b(L_last_read, lt);
+    }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ logical_shift_left(R12, R3, lsl_shift);
+    const Register data_regs[9] = {R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12};
+    bulk_load_backward(end_from, data_regs, 8);
+#else
+    if (split_read) {
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R7, R10), writeback);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R3, lsl, lsl_shift)); // part of R3 not yet written
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R6), writeback);
+    } else {
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R3, lsl, lsl_shift)); // part of R3 not yet written
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R3, R10), writeback);
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ subs_32(count, count, count_per_loop);
+
+    if (prefetch_after) { // do prefetch during ldm/ldp latency
+      prefetch(end_from, end_to, -(wordSize + pld_offset), -bytes_per_loop);
+    }
+
+    // prepare the values in R4..R10,R12
+    __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift)); // merged above high  bytes of prev val
+    __ logical_shift_left(R10, R10, lsl_shift); // unused part of prev val
+    __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift)); // ...
+    __ logical_shift_left(R9, R9, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R9, R9, AsmOperand(R8, lsr, lsr_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_left(R8, R8, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R8, R8, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_left(R7, R7, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R7, R7, AsmOperand(R6, lsr, lsr_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_left(R6, R6, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R6, R6, AsmOperand(R5, lsr, lsr_shift));
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    if (split_write) {
+      // store early to reduce locking issues
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R6, R10) | R12, writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    }
+#endif // !AARCH64
+    __ logical_shift_left(R5, R5, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R5, R5, AsmOperand(R4, lsr, lsr_shift));
+    __ logical_shift_left(R4, R4, lsl_shift);
+    __ orr(R4, R4, AsmOperand(R3, lsr, lsr_shift));
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    bulk_store_backward(end_to, &data_regs[1], 8);
+#else
+    if (split_write) {
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R4, R5), writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    } else {
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R4, R10) | R12, writeback, prefetch_before ? gt : ge);
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ b(L_shifted_loop, gt); // no need to loop if 0 (when count need not be precise modulo bytes_per_loop)
+
+    if (prefetch_before) {
+      // the first loop may end earlier, allowing to skip pld at the end
+      __ cmn_32(count, ((bytes_per_loop + pld_offset)/bytes_per_count));
+#ifndef AARCH64
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R4, R10) | R12, writeback); // stmdb was skipped
+#endif // !AARCH64
+      __ b(L_skip_pld, ge);
+      __ adds_32(count, count, ((bytes_per_loop + pld_offset) / bytes_per_count) + count_per_loop);
+    }
+
+    __ BIND(L_last_read);
+    __ b(L_done, eq);
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    assert(bytes_per_count < 8, "adjust the code below");
+
+    __ logical_shift_left(R12, R3, lsl_shift);
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(32/bytes_per_count), L);
+      bulk_load_backward(end_from, &data_regs[4], 4);
+
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_left(R10, R10, lsl_shift);
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_left(R9, R9, lsl_shift);
+      __ orr(R9, R9, AsmOperand(R8, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_left(R8, R8, lsl_shift);
+      __ orr(R8, R8, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift));
+
+      bulk_store_backward(end_to, &data_regs[5], 4);
+      __ logical_shift_left(R12, R7, lsl_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(16/bytes_per_count), L);
+      bulk_load_backward(end_from, &data_regs[6], 2);
+
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ logical_shift_left(R10, R10, lsl_shift);
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift));
+
+      bulk_store_backward(end_to, &data_regs[7], 2);
+      __ logical_shift_left(R12, R9, lsl_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(8/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ ldr(R10, Address(end_from, -8, pre_indexed));
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ str(R12, Address(end_to, -8, pre_indexed));
+      __ logical_shift_left(R12, R10, lsl_shift);
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    const int have_bytes = lsr_shift/BitsPerByte; // number of already read bytes in R12
+
+    // It remains less than wordSize to write.
+    // Do not check count if R12 already has maximal number of loaded elements (one less than wordSize).
+    if (have_bytes < wordSize - bytes_per_count) {
+      Label L;
+      __ andr(count, count, (uintx)(8/bytes_per_count-1)); // make count exact
+      __ cmp_32(count, have_bytes/bytes_per_count); // do we have enough bytes to store?
+      __ b(L, le);
+      __ ldr(R10, Address(end_from, -8, pre_indexed));
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift));
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    assert (bytes_per_count <= 4, "must be");
+
+    {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(4/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ logical_shift_right(R9, R12, (wordSize-4)*BitsPerByte);
+      __ str_w(R9, Address(end_to, -4, pre_indexed)); // Write 4 MSB
+      if (bytes_per_count < 4) {
+        __ logical_shift_left(R12, R12, 4*BitsPerByte); // Promote remaining bytes to MSB
+      }
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(2/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ logical_shift_right(R9, R12, (wordSize-2)*BitsPerByte);
+      __ strh(R9, Address(end_to, -2, pre_indexed)); // Write 2 MSB
+      if (bytes_per_count < 2) {
+        __ logical_shift_left(R12, R12, 2*BitsPerByte); // Promote remaining bytes to MSB
+      }
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 1) {
+      Label L;
+      __ tbz(count, exact_log2(1/bytes_per_count), L);
+      __ logical_shift_right(R9, R12, (wordSize-1)*BitsPerByte);
+      __ strb(R9, Address(end_to, -1, pre_indexed)); // Write 1 MSB
+      __ bind(L);
+    }
+#else
+      switch(bytes_per_count) {
+      case 2:
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R3, lsl, lsl_shift)); // part of R3 not yet written
+      __ tst(count, 8);
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R7,R10), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R10, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift),ne); // unused part of prev val
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift),ne); // ...
+      __ mov(R9, AsmOperand(R9, lsl, lsl_shift),ne);
+      __ orr(R9, R9, AsmOperand(R8, lsr, lsr_shift),ne);
+      __ mov(R8, AsmOperand(R8, lsl, lsl_shift),ne);
+      __ orr(R8, R8, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift),ne);
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R8,R10)|R12, writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 4);
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R9, R10), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R10, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift),ne); // unused part of prev val
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr,lsr_shift),ne); // ...
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R10)|R12, writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R9, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 2);
+      __ ldr(R10, Address(end_from, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ str(R12, Address(end_to, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, lsr_shift),ne);
+      __ strh(R12, Address(end_to, -2, pre_indexed), ne); // one last short
+      break;
+
+      case 1:
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R3, lsl, lsl_shift)); // part of R3 not yet written
+      __ tst(count, 16);
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R7,R10), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R10, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift),ne); // unused part of prev val
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift),ne); // ...
+      __ mov(R9, AsmOperand(R9, lsl, lsl_shift),ne);
+      __ orr(R9, R9, AsmOperand(R8, lsr, lsr_shift),ne);
+      __ mov(R8, AsmOperand(R8, lsl, lsl_shift),ne);
+      __ orr(R8, R8, AsmOperand(R7, lsr, lsr_shift),ne);
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R8,R10)|R12, writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R7, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 8);
+      __ ldmdb(end_from, RegisterSet(R9,R10), writeback, ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ mov(R10, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift),ne); // unused part of prev val
+      __ orr(R10, R10, AsmOperand(R9, lsr, lsr_shift),ne); // ...
+      __ stmdb(end_to, RegisterSet(R10)|R12, writeback, ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R9, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 4);
+      __ ldr(R10, Address(end_from, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+      __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr, lsr_shift), ne);
+      __ str(R12, Address(end_to, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsl, lsl_shift), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 2);
+      if (lsr_shift != 24) {
+        // avoid useless reading R10 when we already have 3 bytes ready in R12
+        __ ldr(R10, Address(end_from, -4, pre_indexed), ne);
+        __ orr(R12, R12, AsmOperand(R10, lsr,lsr_shift), ne);
+      }
+
+      // Note: R12 contains enough bytes ready to write (3 needed at most)
+      // write the 2 MSBs
+      __ mov(R9, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, 16), ne);
+      __ strh(R9, Address(end_to, -2, pre_indexed), ne);
+      // promote remaining to MSB
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R12, lsl, 16), ne);
+
+      __ tst(count, 1);
+      // write the MSB of R12
+      __ mov(R12, AsmOperand(R12, lsr, 24), ne);
+      __ strb(R12, Address(end_to, -1, pre_indexed), ne);
+
+      break;
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    __ BIND(L_done);
+    return 0; // no minimum
+  }
+
+  // This method is very useful for merging forward/backward implementations
+  Address get_addr_with_indexing(Register base, int delta, bool forward) {
+    if (forward) {
+      return Address(base, delta, post_indexed);
+    } else {
+      return Address(base, -delta, pre_indexed);
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+  // Loads one 'size_in_bytes'-sized value from 'from' in given direction, i.e.
+  //   if forward:  loads value at from and increases from by size
+  //   if !forward: loads value at from-size_in_bytes and decreases from by size
+  void load_one(Register rd, Register from, int size_in_bytes, bool forward) {
+    assert_different_registers(from, rd);
+    Address addr = get_addr_with_indexing(from, size_in_bytes, forward);
+    __ load_sized_value(rd, addr, size_in_bytes, false);
+  }
+
+  // Stores one 'size_in_bytes'-sized value to 'to' in given direction (see load_one)
+  void store_one(Register rd, Register to, int size_in_bytes, bool forward) {
+    assert_different_registers(to, rd);
+    Address addr = get_addr_with_indexing(to, size_in_bytes, forward);
+    __ store_sized_value(rd, addr, size_in_bytes);
+  }
+#else
+  // load_one and store_one are the same as for AArch64 except for
+  //   *) Support for condition execution
+  //   *) Second value register argument for 8-byte values
+
+  void load_one(Register rd, Register from, int size_in_bytes, bool forward, AsmCondition cond = al, Register rd2 = noreg) {
+    assert_different_registers(from, rd, rd2);
+    if (size_in_bytes < 8) {
+      Address addr = get_addr_with_indexing(from, size_in_bytes, forward);
+      __ load_sized_value(rd, addr, size_in_bytes, false, cond);
+    } else {
+      assert (rd2 != noreg, "second value register must be specified");
+      assert (rd->encoding() < rd2->encoding(), "wrong value register set");
+
+      if (forward) {
+        __ ldmia(from, RegisterSet(rd) | rd2, writeback, cond);
+      } else {
+        __ ldmdb(from, RegisterSet(rd) | rd2, writeback, cond);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void store_one(Register rd, Register to, int size_in_bytes, bool forward, AsmCondition cond = al, Register rd2 = noreg) {
+    assert_different_registers(to, rd, rd2);
+    if (size_in_bytes < 8) {
+      Address addr = get_addr_with_indexing(to, size_in_bytes, forward);
+      __ store_sized_value(rd, addr, size_in_bytes, cond);
+    } else {
+      assert (rd2 != noreg, "second value register must be specified");
+      assert (rd->encoding() < rd2->encoding(), "wrong value register set");
+
+      if (forward) {
+        __ stmia(to, RegisterSet(rd) | rd2, writeback, cond);
+      } else {
+        __ stmdb(to, RegisterSet(rd) | rd2, writeback, cond);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+  // Copies data from 'from' to 'to' in specified direction to align 'from' by 64 bits.
+  // (on 32-bit ARM 64-bit alignment is better for LDM).
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     from:              beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be read
+  //     to:                beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be written
+  //     count:             32-bit int, maximum number of elements which can be copied
+  //     bytes_per_count:   size of an element
+  //     forward:           specifies copy direction
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  //   'from' and 'to' must be aligned by 'bytes_per_count'
+  //   'count' must not be less than the returned value
+  //   shifts 'from' and 'to' by the number of copied bytes in corresponding direction
+  //   decreases 'count' by the number of elements copied
+  //
+  // Returns maximum number of bytes which may be copied.
+  int align_src(Register from, Register to, Register count, Register tmp, int bytes_per_count, bool forward) {
+    assert_different_registers(from, to, count, tmp);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    // TODO-AARCH64: replace by simple loop?
+    Label Laligned_by_2, Laligned_by_4, Laligned_by_8;
+
+    if (bytes_per_count == 1) {
+      __ tbz(from, 0, Laligned_by_2);
+      __ sub_32(count, count, 1);
+      load_one(tmp, from, 1, forward);
+      store_one(tmp, to, 1, forward);
+    }
+
+    __ BIND(Laligned_by_2);
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 2) {
+      __ tbz(from, 1, Laligned_by_4);
+      __ sub_32(count, count, 2/bytes_per_count);
+      load_one(tmp, from, 2, forward);
+      store_one(tmp, to, 2, forward);
+    }
+
+    __ BIND(Laligned_by_4);
+
+    if (bytes_per_count <= 4) {
+      __ tbz(from, 2, Laligned_by_8);
+      __ sub_32(count, count, 4/bytes_per_count);
+      load_one(tmp, from, 4, forward);
+      store_one(tmp, to, 4, forward);
+    }
+    __ BIND(Laligned_by_8);
+#else // AARCH64
+    if (bytes_per_count < 8) {
+      Label L_align_src;
+      __ BIND(L_align_src);
+      __ tst(from, 7);
+      // ne => not aligned: copy one element and (if bytes_per_count < 4) loop
+      __ sub(count, count, 1, ne);
+      load_one(tmp, from, bytes_per_count, forward, ne);
+      store_one(tmp, to, bytes_per_count, forward, ne);
+      if (bytes_per_count < 4) {
+        __ b(L_align_src, ne); // if bytes_per_count == 4, then 0 or 1 loop iterations are enough
+      }
+    }
+#endif // AARCH64
+    return 7/bytes_per_count;
+  }
+
+  // Copies 'count' of 'bytes_per_count'-sized elements in the specified direction.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     from:              beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be read
+  //     to:                beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be written
+  //     count:             32-bit int, number of elements to be copied
+  //     entry:             copy loop entry point
+  //     bytes_per_count:   size of an element
+  //     forward:           specifies copy direction
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  //     shifts 'from' and 'to'
+  void copy_small_array(Register from, Register to, Register count, Register tmp, Register tmp2, int bytes_per_count, bool forward, Label & entry) {
+    assert_different_registers(from, to, count, tmp);
+
+    __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    Label L_small_array_done, L_small_array_loop;
+    __ BIND(entry);
+    __ cbz_32(count, L_small_array_done);
+
+    __ BIND(L_small_array_loop);
+    __ subs_32(count, count, 1);
+    load_one(tmp, from, bytes_per_count, forward);
+    store_one(tmp, to, bytes_per_count, forward);
+    __ b(L_small_array_loop, gt);
+
+    __ BIND(L_small_array_done);
+#else
+    Label L_small_loop;
+    __ BIND(L_small_loop);
+    store_one(tmp, to, bytes_per_count, forward, al, tmp2);
+    __ BIND(entry); // entry point
+    __ subs(count, count, 1);
+    load_one(tmp, from, bytes_per_count, forward, ge, tmp2);
+    __ b(L_small_loop, ge);
+#endif // AARCH64
+  }
+
+  // Aligns 'to' by reading one word from 'from' and writting its part to 'to'.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     to:                beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be written
+  //     count:             32-bit int, number of elements allowed to be copied
+  //     to_remainder:      remainder of dividing 'to' by wordSize
+  //     bytes_per_count:   size of an element
+  //     forward:           specifies copy direction
+  //     Rval:              contains an already read but not yet written word;
+  //                        its' LSBs (if forward) or MSBs (if !forward) are to be written to align 'to'.
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  //     'count' must not be less then the returned value
+  //     'to' must be aligned by bytes_per_count but must not be aligned by wordSize
+  //     shifts 'to' by the number of written bytes (so that it becomes the bound of memory to be written)
+  //     decreases 'count' by the the number of elements written
+  //     Rval's MSBs or LSBs remain to be written further by generate_{forward,backward}_shifted_copy_loop
+  int align_dst(Register to, Register count, Register Rval, Register tmp,
+                                        int to_remainder, int bytes_per_count, bool forward) {
+    assert_different_registers(to, count, tmp, Rval);
+
+    assert (0 < to_remainder && to_remainder < wordSize, "to_remainder is not valid");
+    assert (to_remainder % bytes_per_count == 0, "to must be aligned by bytes_per_count");
+
+    int bytes_to_write = forward ? (wordSize - to_remainder) : to_remainder;
+
+    int offset = 0;
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < LogBytesPerWord; ++l) {
+      int s = (1 << l);
+      if (bytes_to_write & s) {
+        int new_offset = offset + s*BitsPerByte;
+        if (forward) {
+          if (offset == 0) {
+            store_one(Rval, to, s, forward);
+          } else {
+            __ logical_shift_right(tmp, Rval, offset);
+            store_one(tmp, to, s, forward);
+          }
+        } else {
+          __ logical_shift_right(tmp, Rval, BitsPerWord - new_offset);
+          store_one(tmp, to, s, forward);
+        }
+
+        offset = new_offset;
+      }
+    }
+
+    assert (offset == bytes_to_write * BitsPerByte, "all bytes must be copied");
+
+    __ sub_32(count, count, bytes_to_write/bytes_per_count);
+
+    return bytes_to_write / bytes_per_count;
+  }
+
+  // Copies 'count' of elements using shifted copy loop
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     from:              beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be read
+  //     to:                beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be written
+  //     count:             32-bit int, number of elements to be copied
+  //     to_remainder:      remainder of dividing 'to' by wordSize
+  //     bytes_per_count:   size of an element
+  //     forward:           specifies copy direction
+  //     Rval:              contains an already read but not yet written word
+  //
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  //     'count' must not be less then the returned value
+  //     'from' must be aligned by wordSize
+  //     'to' must be aligned by bytes_per_count but must not be aligned by wordSize
+  //     shifts 'to' by the number of copied bytes
+  //
+  // Scratches R3-R10, R12
+  int align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(Register from, Register to, Register count, Register Rval,
+                                                        int to_remainder, int bytes_per_count, bool forward) {
+
+    assert (0 < to_remainder && to_remainder < wordSize, "to_remainder is invalid");
+
+    const Register tmp  = forward ? R3 : R12; // TODO-AARCH64: on cojoint_short R4 was used for tmp
+    assert_different_registers(from, to, count, Rval, tmp);
+
+    int required_to_align = align_dst(to, count, Rval, tmp, to_remainder, bytes_per_count, forward);
+
+    int lsr_shift = (wordSize - to_remainder) * BitsPerByte;
+    int lsl_shift = to_remainder * BitsPerByte;
+
+    int min_copy;
+    if (forward) {
+      min_copy = generate_forward_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count, lsr_shift, lsl_shift);
+    } else {
+      min_copy = generate_backward_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count, lsr_shift, lsl_shift);
+    }
+
+    return min_copy + required_to_align;
+  }
+
+  // Copies 'count' of elements using shifted copy loop
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     from:              beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be read
+  //     to:                beginning (if forward) or upper bound (if !forward) of the region to be written
+  //     count:             32-bit int, number of elements to be copied
+  //     bytes_per_count:   size of an element
+  //     forward:           specifies copy direction
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  //     'count' must not be less then the returned value
+  //     'from' must be aligned by wordSize
+  //     'to' must be aligned by bytes_per_count but must not be aligned by wordSize
+  //     shifts 'to' by the number of copied bytes
+  //
+  // Scratches 'from', 'count', R3 and R12.
+  // On AArch64 also scratches R4-R10, on 32-bit ARM saves them to use.
+  int align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(Register from, Register to, Register count, int bytes_per_count, bool forward) {
+
+    const Register Rval = forward ? R12 : R3; // as generate_{forward,backward}_shifted_copy_loop expect
+
+    int min_copy = 0;
+
+    // Note: if {seq} is a sequence of numbers, L{seq} means that if the execution reaches this point,
+    // then the remainder of 'to' divided by wordSize is one of elements of {seq}.
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    // TODO-AARCH64: simplify, tune
+
+    load_one(Rval, from, wordSize, forward);
+
+    Label L_loop_finished;
+
+    switch (bytes_per_count) {
+      case 4:
+        min_copy = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 4, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+      {
+        Label L2, L4, L6;
+
+        __ tbz(to, 1, L4);
+        __ tbz(to, 2, L2);
+
+        __ BIND(L6);
+        int min_copy6 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 6, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L2);
+        int min_copy2 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 2, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L4);
+        int min_copy4 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 4, bytes_per_count, forward);
+
+        min_copy = MAX2(MAX2(min_copy2, min_copy4), min_copy6);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 1:
+      {
+        Label L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7;
+        Label L15, L26;
+        Label L246;
+
+        __ tbz(to, 0, L246);
+        __ tbz(to, 1, L15);
+        __ tbz(to, 2, L3);
+
+        __ BIND(L7);
+        int min_copy7 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 7, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L246);
+        __ tbnz(to, 1, L26);
+
+        __ BIND(L4);
+        int min_copy4 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 4, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L15);
+        __ tbz(to, 2, L1);
+
+        __ BIND(L5);
+        int min_copy5 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 5, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L3);
+        int min_copy3 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 3, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L26);
+        __ tbz(to, 2, L2);
+
+        __ BIND(L6);
+        int min_copy6 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 6, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L1);
+        int min_copy1 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 1, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+        __ BIND(L2);
+        int min_copy2 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 2, bytes_per_count, forward);
+
+
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy1, min_copy2);
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy,  min_copy3);
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy,  min_copy4);
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy,  min_copy5);
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy,  min_copy6);
+        min_copy = MAX2(min_copy,  min_copy7);
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        break;
+    }
+    __ BIND(L_loop_finished);
+
+#else
+    __ push(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+    load_one(Rval, from, wordSize, forward);
+
+    switch (bytes_per_count) {
+      case 2:
+        min_copy = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 2, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+      {
+        Label L1, L2, L3;
+        int min_copy1, min_copy2, min_copy3;
+
+        Label L_loop_finished;
+
+        if (forward) {
+            __ tbz(to, 0, L2);
+            __ tbz(to, 1, L1);
+
+            __ BIND(L3);
+            min_copy3 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 3, bytes_per_count, forward);
+            __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+            __ BIND(L1);
+            min_copy1 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 1, bytes_per_count, forward);
+            __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+            __ BIND(L2);
+            min_copy2 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 2, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        } else {
+            __ tbz(to, 0, L2);
+            __ tbnz(to, 1, L3);
+
+            __ BIND(L1);
+            min_copy1 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 1, bytes_per_count, forward);
+            __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+             __ BIND(L3);
+            min_copy3 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 3, bytes_per_count, forward);
+            __ b(L_loop_finished);
+
+           __ BIND(L2);
+            min_copy2 = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, Rval, 2, bytes_per_count, forward);
+        }
+
+        min_copy = MAX2(MAX2(min_copy1, min_copy2), min_copy3);
+
+        __ BIND(L_loop_finished);
+
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    __ pop(RegisterSet(R4,R10));
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    return min_copy;
+  }
+
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+  int * get_arraycopy_counter(int bytes_per_count) {
+    switch (bytes_per_count) {
+      case 1:
+        return &SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr;
+      case 2:
+        return &SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr;
+      case 4:
+        return &SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr;
+      case 8:
+        return &SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr;
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+#endif // !PRODUCT
+
+  //
+  //  Generate stub for primitive array copy.  If "aligned" is true, the
+  //  "from" and "to" addresses are assumed to be heapword aligned.
+  //
+  //  If "disjoint" is true, arrays are assumed to be disjoint, otherwise they may overlap and
+  //  "nooverlap_target" must be specified as the address to jump if they don't.
+  //
+  // Arguments for generated stub:
+  //      from:  R0
+  //      to:    R1
+  //      count: R2 treated as signed 32-bit int
+  //
+  address generate_primitive_copy(bool aligned, const char * name, bool status, int bytes_per_count, bool disjoint, address nooverlap_target = NULL) {
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    const Register from  = R0;   // source array address
+    const Register to    = R1;   // destination array address
+    const Register count = R2;   // elements count
+    const Register tmp1  = R3;
+    const Register tmp2  = R12;
+
+    if (!aligned)  {
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");
+    }
+
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R2);
+
+    if (!disjoint) {
+      assert (nooverlap_target != NULL, "must be specified for conjoint case");
+      array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, exact_log2(bytes_per_count), tmp1, tmp2);
+    }
+
+    inc_counter_np(*get_arraycopy_counter(bytes_per_count), tmp1, tmp2);
+
+    // Conjoint case: since execution reaches this point, the arrays overlap, so performing backward copy
+    // Disjoint case: perform forward copy
+    bool forward = disjoint;
+
+
+    if (!forward) {
+      // Set 'from' and 'to' to upper bounds
+      int log_bytes_per_count = exact_log2(bytes_per_count);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   to,   count, log_bytes_per_count);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, from, count, log_bytes_per_count);
+    }
+
+    // There are two main copy loop implementations:
+    //  *) The huge and complex one applicable only for large enough arrays
+    //  *) The small and simple one applicable for any array (but not efficient for large arrays).
+    // Currently "small" implementation is used if and only if the "large" one could not be used.
+    // XXX optim: tune the limit higher ?
+    // Large implementation lower applicability bound is actually determined by
+    // aligned copy loop which require <=7 bytes for src alignment, and 8 words for aligned copy loop.
+    const int small_copy_limit = (8*wordSize + 7) / bytes_per_count;
+
+    Label L_small_array;
+    __ cmp_32(count, small_copy_limit);
+    __ b(L_small_array, le); // TODO-AARCH64: le vs lt
+
+    // Otherwise proceed with large implementation.
+
+    bool from_is_aligned = (bytes_per_count >= 8);
+    if (aligned && forward && (HeapWordSize % 8 == 0)) {
+        // if 'from' is heapword aligned and HeapWordSize is divisible by 8,
+        //  then from is aligned by 8
+        from_is_aligned = true;
+    }
+
+    int count_required_to_align = from_is_aligned ? 0 : align_src(from, to, count, tmp1, bytes_per_count, forward);
+    assert (small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align, "alignment could exhaust count");
+
+    // now 'from' is aligned
+
+    bool to_is_aligned = false;
+
+    if (bytes_per_count >= wordSize) {
+      // 'to' is aligned by bytes_per_count, so it is aligned by wordSize
+      to_is_aligned = true;
+    } else {
+      if (aligned && (8 % HeapWordSize == 0) && (HeapWordSize % wordSize == 0)) {
+        // Originally 'from' and 'to' were heapword aligned;
+        // (from - to) has not been changed, so since now 'from' is 8-byte aligned, then it is also heapword aligned,
+        //  so 'to' is also heapword aligned and thus aligned by wordSize.
+        to_is_aligned = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Label L_unaligned_dst;
+
+    if (!to_is_aligned) {
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("Check dst alignment:");
+      __ tst(to, wordSize - 1);
+      __ b(L_unaligned_dst, ne); // 'to' is not aligned
+    }
+
+    // 'from' and 'to' are properly aligned
+
+    int min_copy;
+    if (forward) {
+      min_copy = generate_forward_aligned_copy_loop (from, to, count, bytes_per_count);
+    } else {
+      min_copy = generate_backward_aligned_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count);
+    }
+    assert(small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align + min_copy, "first loop might exhaust count");
+
+    if (status) {
+      __ mov(R0, 0); // OK
+    }
+
+    __ ret();
+
+    {
+      copy_small_array(from, to, count, tmp1, tmp2, bytes_per_count, forward, L_small_array /* entry */);
+
+      if (status) {
+        __ mov(R0, 0); // OK
+      }
+
+      __ ret();
+    }
+
+    if (! to_is_aligned) {
+      __ BIND(L_unaligned_dst);
+      int min_copy_shifted = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count, forward);
+      assert (small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align + min_copy_shifted, "first loop might exhaust count");
+
+      if (status) {
+        __ mov(R0, 0); // OK
+      }
+
+      __ ret();
+    }
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+  //
+  //  Generate pre-write barrier for array.
+  //
+  //  Input:
+  //     addr     - register containing starting address
+  //     count    - register containing element count, 32-bit int
+  //     callee_saved_regs -
+  //                the call must preserve this number of registers: R0, R1, ..., R[callee_saved_regs-1]
+  //
+  //  callee_saved_regs must include addr and count
+  //  Blows all volatile registers (R0-R3 on 32-bit ARM, R0-R18 on AArch64, Rtemp, LR) except for callee_saved_regs.
+  void gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(Register addr, Register count, int callee_saved_regs) {
+    BarrierSet* bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();
+    if (bs->has_write_ref_pre_barrier()) {
+      assert(bs->has_write_ref_array_pre_opt(),
+             "Else unsupported barrier set.");
+
+      assert( addr->encoding() < callee_saved_regs, "addr must be saved");
+      assert(count->encoding() < callee_saved_regs, "count must be saved");
+
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("PreBarrier");
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      callee_saved_regs = round_to(callee_saved_regs, 2);
+      for (int i = 0; i < callee_saved_regs; i += 2) {
+        __ raw_push(as_Register(i), as_Register(i+1));
+      }
+#else
+      RegisterSet saved_regs = RegisterSet(R0, as_Register(callee_saved_regs-1));
+      __ push(saved_regs | R9ifScratched);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      if (addr != R0) {
+        assert_different_registers(count, R0);
+        __ mov(R0, addr);
+      }
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      __ zero_extend(R1, count, 32); // BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_pre takes size_t
+#else
+      if (count != R1) {
+        __ mov(R1, count);
+      }
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+      __ call(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_pre));
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      for (int i = callee_saved_regs - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
+        __ raw_pop(as_Register(i), as_Register(i+1));
+      }
+#else
+      __ pop(saved_regs | R9ifScratched);
+#endif // AARCH64
+    }
+  }
+#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+
+  //
+  //  Generate post-write barrier for array.
+  //
+  //  Input:
+  //     addr     - register containing starting address (can be scratched)
+  //     count    - register containing element count, 32-bit int (can be scratched)
+  //     tmp      - scratch register
+  //
+  //  Note: LR can be scratched but might be equal to addr, count or tmp
+  //  Blows all volatile registers (R0-R3 on 32-bit ARM, R0-R18 on AArch64, Rtemp, LR).
+  void gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(Register addr, Register count, Register tmp) {
+    assert_different_registers(addr, count, tmp);
+    BarrierSet* bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();
+
+    switch (bs->kind()) {
+    case BarrierSet::G1SATBCTLogging:
+      {
+        BLOCK_COMMENT("G1PostBarrier");
+        if (addr != R0) {
+          assert_different_registers(count, R0);
+          __ mov(R0, addr);
+        }
+#ifdef AARCH64
+        __ zero_extend(R1, count, 32); // BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_post takes size_t
+#else
+        if (count != R1) {
+          __ mov(R1, count);
+        }
+#if R9_IS_SCRATCHED
+        // Safer to save R9 here since callers may have been written
+        // assuming R9 survives. This is suboptimal but is not in
+        // general worth optimizing for the few platforms where R9
+        // is scratched. Note that the optimization might not be to
+        // difficult for this particular call site.
+        __ push(R9);
+#endif
+#endif // !AARCH64
+        __ call(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_post));
+#ifndef AARCH64
+#if R9_IS_SCRATCHED
+        __ pop(R9);
+#endif
+#endif // !AARCH64
+      }
+      break;
+    case BarrierSet::CardTableForRS:
+    case BarrierSet::CardTableExtension:
+      {
+        BLOCK_COMMENT("CardTablePostBarrier");
+        CardTableModRefBS* ct = barrier_set_cast<CardTableModRefBS>(bs);
+        assert(sizeof(*ct->byte_map_base) == sizeof(jbyte), "adjust this code");
+
+        Label L_cardtable_loop;
+
+        __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(count, addr, count, LogBytesPerHeapOop);
+        __ sub(count, count, BytesPerHeapOop);                            // last addr
+
+        __ logical_shift_right(addr, addr, CardTableModRefBS::card_shift);
+        __ logical_shift_right(count, count, CardTableModRefBS::card_shift);
+        __ sub(count, count, addr); // nb of cards
+
+        // warning: Rthread has not been preserved
+        __ mov_address(tmp, (address) ct->byte_map_base, symbolic_Relocation::card_table_reference);
+        __ add(addr,tmp, addr);
+
+        Register zero = __ zero_register(tmp);
+
+        __ BIND(L_cardtable_loop);
+        __ strb(zero, Address(addr, 1, post_indexed));
+        __ subs(count, count, 1);
+        __ b(L_cardtable_loop, ge);
+      }
+      break;
+    case BarrierSet::ModRef:
+      break;
+    default:
+      ShouldNotReachHere();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generates pattern of code to be placed after raw data copying in generate_oop_copy
+  // Includes return from arraycopy stub.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //     to:       destination pointer after copying.
+  //               if 'forward' then 'to' == upper bound, else 'to' == beginning of the modified region
+  //     count:    total number of copied elements, 32-bit int
+  //
+  // Blows all volatile (R0-R3 on 32-bit ARM, R0-R18 on AArch64, Rtemp, LR) and 'to', 'count', 'tmp' registers.
+  void oop_arraycopy_stub_epilogue_helper(Register to, Register count, Register tmp, bool status, bool forward) {
+    assert_different_registers(to, count, tmp);
+
+    if (forward) {
+      // 'to' is upper bound of the modified region
+      // restore initial dst:
+      __ sub_ptr_scaled_int32(to, to, count, LogBytesPerHeapOop);
+    }
+
+    // 'to' is the beginning of the region
+
+    gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, count, tmp);
+
+    if (status) {
+      __ mov(R0, 0); // OK
+    }
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ raw_pop(LR, ZR);
+    __ ret();
+#else
+    __ pop(PC);
+#endif // AARCH64
+  }
+
+
+  //  Generate stub for assign-compatible oop copy.  If "aligned" is true, the
+  //  "from" and "to" addresses are assumed to be heapword aligned.
+  //
+  //  If "disjoint" is true, arrays are assumed to be disjoint, otherwise they may overlap and
+  //  "nooverlap_target" must be specified as the address to jump if they don't.
+  //
+  // Arguments for generated stub:
+  //      from:  R0
+  //      to:    R1
+  //      count: R2 treated as signed 32-bit int
+  //
+  address generate_oop_copy(bool aligned, const char * name, bool status, bool disjoint, address nooverlap_target = NULL) {
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    Register from  = R0;
+    Register to    = R1;
+    Register count = R2;
+    Register tmp1  = R3;
+    Register tmp2  = R12;
+
+
+    if (!aligned) {
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");
+    }
+
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R2);
+
+    if (!disjoint) {
+      assert (nooverlap_target != NULL, "must be specified for conjoint case");
+      array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, LogBytesPerHeapOop, tmp1, tmp2);
+    }
+
+    inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_oop_array_copy_ctr, tmp1, tmp2);
+
+    // Conjoint case: since execution reaches this point, the arrays overlap, so performing backward copy
+    // Disjoint case: perform forward copy
+    bool forward = disjoint;
+
+    const int bytes_per_count = BytesPerHeapOop;
+    const int log_bytes_per_count = LogBytesPerHeapOop;
+
+    const Register saved_count = LR;
+    const int callee_saved_regs = 3; // R0-R2
+
+    // LR is used later to save barrier args
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ raw_push(LR, ZR);
+#else
+    __ push(LR);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+    gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, count, callee_saved_regs);
+#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+
+    // save arguments for barrier generation (after the pre barrier)
+    __ mov(saved_count, count);
+
+    if (!forward) {
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   to,   count, log_bytes_per_count);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, from, count, log_bytes_per_count);
+    }
+
+    // for short arrays, just do single element copy
+    Label L_small_array;
+    const int small_copy_limit = (8*wordSize + 7)/bytes_per_count; // XXX optim: tune the limit higher ?
+    __ cmp_32(count, small_copy_limit);
+    __ b(L_small_array, le);
+
+    bool from_is_aligned = (bytes_per_count >= 8);
+    if (aligned && forward && (HeapWordSize % 8 == 0)) {
+        // if 'from' is heapword aligned and HeapWordSize is divisible by 8,
+        //  then from is aligned by 8
+        from_is_aligned = true;
+    }
+
+    int count_required_to_align = from_is_aligned ? 0 : align_src(from, to, count, tmp1, bytes_per_count, forward);
+    assert (small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align, "alignment could exhaust count");
+
+    // now 'from' is aligned
+
+    bool to_is_aligned = false;
+
+    if (bytes_per_count >= wordSize) {
+      // 'to' is aligned by bytes_per_count, so it is aligned by wordSize
+      to_is_aligned = true;
+    } else {
+      if (aligned && (8 % HeapWordSize == 0) && (HeapWordSize % wordSize == 0)) {
+        // Originally 'from' and 'to' were heapword aligned;
+        // (from - to) has not been changed, so since now 'from' is 8-byte aligned, then it is also heapword aligned,
+        //  so 'to' is also heapword aligned and thus aligned by wordSize.
+        to_is_aligned = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Label L_unaligned_dst;
+
+    if (!to_is_aligned) {
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("Check dst alignment:");
+      __ tst(to, wordSize - 1);
+      __ b(L_unaligned_dst, ne); // 'to' is not aligned
+    }
+
+    int min_copy;
+    if (forward) {
+      min_copy = generate_forward_aligned_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count);
+    } else {
+      min_copy = generate_backward_aligned_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count);
+    }
+    assert(small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align + min_copy, "first loop might exhaust count");
+
+    oop_arraycopy_stub_epilogue_helper(to, saved_count, /* tmp */ tmp1, status, forward);
+
+    {
+      copy_small_array(from, to, count, tmp1, noreg, bytes_per_count, forward, L_small_array);
+
+      oop_arraycopy_stub_epilogue_helper(to, saved_count, /* tmp */ tmp1, status, forward);
+    }
+
+    if (!to_is_aligned) {
+      // !to_is_aligned <=> UseCompressedOops && AArch64
+      __ BIND(L_unaligned_dst);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+      assert (UseCompressedOops, "unaligned oop array copy may be requested only with UseCompressedOops");
+#else
+      ShouldNotReachHere();
+#endif // AARCH64
+      int min_copy_shifted = align_dst_and_generate_shifted_copy_loop(from, to, count, bytes_per_count, forward);
+      assert (small_copy_limit >= count_required_to_align + min_copy_shifted, "first loop might exhaust count");
+
+      oop_arraycopy_stub_epilogue_helper(to, saved_count, /* tmp */ tmp1, status, forward);
+    }
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  //  Generate 'unsafe' array copy stub
+  //  Though just as safe as the other stubs, it takes an unscaled
+  //  size_t argument instead of an element count.
+  //
+  // Arguments for generated stub:
+  //      from:  R0
+  //      to:    R1
+  //      count: R2 byte count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero
+  //
+  // Examines the alignment of the operands and dispatches
+  // to a long, int, short, or byte copy loop.
+  //
+  address generate_unsafe_copy(const char* name) {
+
+    const Register R0_from   = R0;      // source array address
+    const Register R1_to     = R1;      // destination array address
+    const Register R2_count  = R2;      // elements count
+
+    const Register R3_bits   = R3;      // test copy of low bits
+
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+    address start = __ pc();
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ NOT_IMPLEMENTED();
+    start = NULL;
+#else
+    const Register tmp = Rtemp;
+
+    // bump this on entry, not on exit:
+    inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_unsafe_array_copy_ctr, R3, tmp);
+
+    __ orr(R3_bits, R0_from, R1_to);
+    __ orr(R3_bits, R2_count, R3_bits);
+
+    __ tst(R3_bits, BytesPerLong-1);
+    __ mov(R2_count,AsmOperand(R2_count,asr,LogBytesPerLong), eq);
+    __ jump(StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy, relocInfo::runtime_call_type, tmp, eq);
+
+    __ tst(R3_bits, BytesPerInt-1);
+    __ mov(R2_count,AsmOperand(R2_count,asr,LogBytesPerInt), eq);
+    __ jump(StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy, relocInfo::runtime_call_type, tmp, eq);
+
+    __ tst(R3_bits, BytesPerShort-1);
+    __ mov(R2_count,AsmOperand(R2_count,asr,LogBytesPerShort), eq);
+    __ jump(StubRoutines::_jshort_arraycopy, relocInfo::runtime_call_type, tmp, eq);
+
+    __ jump(StubRoutines::_jbyte_arraycopy, relocInfo::runtime_call_type, tmp);
+#endif
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Helper for generating a dynamic type check.
+  // Smashes only the given temp registers.
+  void generate_type_check(Register sub_klass,
+                           Register super_check_offset,
+                           Register super_klass,
+                           Register tmp1,
+                           Register tmp2,
+                           Register tmp3,
+                           Label& L_success) {
+    assert_different_registers(sub_klass, super_check_offset, super_klass, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3);
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("type_check:");
+
+    // If the pointers are equal, we are done (e.g., String[] elements).
+
+    __ cmp(super_klass, sub_klass);
+    __ b(L_success, eq); // fast success
+
+
+    Label L_loop, L_fail;
+
+    int sc_offset = in_bytes(Klass::secondary_super_cache_offset());
+
+    // Check the supertype display:
+    __ ldr(tmp1, Address(sub_klass, super_check_offset));
+    __ cmp(tmp1, super_klass);
+    __ b(L_success, eq);
+
+    __ cmp(super_check_offset, sc_offset);
+    __ b(L_fail, ne); // failure
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("type_check_slow_path:");
+
+    // a couple of useful fields in sub_klass:
+    int ss_offset = in_bytes(Klass::secondary_supers_offset());
+
+    // Do a linear scan of the secondary super-klass chain.
+
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+    int* pst_counter = &SharedRuntime::_partial_subtype_ctr;
+    __ inc_counter((address) pst_counter, tmp1, tmp2);
+#endif
+
+    Register scan_temp = tmp1;
+    Register count_temp = tmp2;
+
+    // We will consult the secondary-super array.
+    __ ldr(scan_temp, Address(sub_klass, ss_offset));
+
+    Register search_key = super_klass;
+
+    // Load the array length.
+    __ ldr_s32(count_temp, Address(scan_temp, Array<Klass*>::length_offset_in_bytes()));
+    __ add(scan_temp, scan_temp, Array<Klass*>::base_offset_in_bytes());
+
+    __ add(count_temp, count_temp, 1);
+
+    // Top of search loop
+    __ bind(L_loop);
+    // Notes:
+    //  scan_temp starts at the array elements
+    //  count_temp is 1+size
+
+    __ subs(count_temp, count_temp, 1);
+    __ b(L_fail, eq); // not found
+
+    // Load next super to check
+    // In the array of super classes elements are pointer sized.
+    int element_size = wordSize;
+    __ ldr(tmp3, Address(scan_temp, element_size, post_indexed));
+
+    // Look for Rsuper_klass on Rsub_klass's secondary super-class-overflow list
+    __ cmp(tmp3, search_key);
+
+    // A miss means we are NOT a subtype and need to keep looping
+    __ b(L_loop, ne);
+
+    // Falling out the bottom means we found a hit; we ARE a subtype
+
+    // Success.  Cache the super we found and proceed in triumph.
+    __ str(super_klass, Address(sub_klass, sc_offset));
+
+    // Jump to success
+    __ b(L_success);
+
+    // Fall through on failure!
+    __ bind(L_fail);
+  }
+
+  //  Generate stub for checked oop copy.
+  //
+  // Arguments for generated stub:
+  //      from:  R0
+  //      to:    R1
+  //      count: R2 treated as signed 32-bit int
+  //      ckoff: R3 (super_check_offset)
+  //      ckval: R4 (AArch64) / SP[0] (32-bit ARM) (super_klass)
+  //      ret:   R0 zero for success; (-1^K) where K is partial transfer count (32-bit)
+  //
+  address generate_checkcast_copy(const char * name) {
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    const Register from  = R0;  // source array address
+    const Register to    = R1;  // destination array address
+    const Register count = R2;  // elements count
+
+    const Register R3_ckoff  = R3;      // super_check_offset
+    const Register R4_ckval  = R4;      // super_klass
+
+    const int callee_saved_regs = AARCH64_ONLY(5) NOT_AARCH64(4); // LR saved differently
+
+    Label load_element, store_element, do_card_marks, fail;
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");
+
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R2);
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ raw_push(LR, ZR);
+    __ raw_push(R19, R20);
+#else
+    int pushed = 0;
+    __ push(LR);
+    pushed+=1;
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+    gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, count, callee_saved_regs);
+#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    const RegisterSet caller_saved_regs = RegisterSet(R4,R6) | RegisterSet(R8,R9) | altFP_7_11;
+    __ push(caller_saved_regs);
+    assert(caller_saved_regs.size() == 6, "check the count");
+    pushed+=6;
+
+    __ ldr(R4_ckval,Address(SP, wordSize*pushed)); // read the argument that was on the stack
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+    // Save arguments for barrier generation (after the pre barrier):
+    // - must be a caller saved register and not LR
+    // - ARM32: avoid R10 in case RThread is needed
+    const Register saved_count = AARCH64_ONLY(R19) NOT_AARCH64(altFP_7_11);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ mov_w(saved_count, count);
+    __ cbnz_w(count, load_element); // and test count
+#else
+    __ movs(saved_count, count); // and test count
+    __ b(load_element,ne);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    // nothing to copy
+    __ mov(R0, 0);
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ raw_pop(R19, R20);
+    __ raw_pop(LR, ZR);
+    __ ret();
+#else
+    __ pop(caller_saved_regs);
+    __ pop(PC);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    // ======== begin loop ========
+    // (Loop is rotated; its entry is load_element.)
+    __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);
+    __ BIND(store_element);
+    if (UseCompressedOops) {
+      __ store_heap_oop(R5, Address(to, BytesPerHeapOop, post_indexed));  // store the oop, changes flags
+      __ subs_32(count,count,1);
+    } else {
+      __ subs_32(count,count,1);
+      __ str(R5, Address(to, BytesPerHeapOop, post_indexed));             // store the oop
+    }
+    __ b(do_card_marks, eq); // count exhausted
+
+    // ======== loop entry is here ========
+    __ BIND(load_element);
+    __ load_heap_oop(R5, Address(from, BytesPerHeapOop, post_indexed));  // load the oop
+    __ cbz(R5, store_element); // NULL
+
+    __ load_klass(R6, R5);
+
+    generate_type_check(R6, R3_ckoff, R4_ckval, /*tmps*/ R12, R8, R9,
+                        // branch to this on success:
+                        store_element);
+    // ======== end loop ========
+
+    // It was a real error; we must depend on the caller to finish the job.
+    // Register count has number of *remaining* oops, saved_count number of *total* oops.
+    // Emit GC store barriers for the oops we have copied
+    // and report their number to the caller (0 or (-1^n))
+    __ BIND(fail);
+
+    // Note: fail marked by the fact that count differs from saved_count
+
+    __ BIND(do_card_marks);
+
+    Register copied = AARCH64_ONLY(R20) NOT_AARCH64(R4); // saved
+    Label L_not_copied;
+
+    __ subs_32(copied, saved_count, count); // copied count (in saved reg)
+    __ b(L_not_copied, eq); // nothing was copied, skip post barrier
+    __ sub(to, to, AsmOperand(copied, lsl, LogBytesPerHeapOop)); // initial to value
+    __ mov(R12, copied); // count arg scratched by post barrier
+
+    gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, R12, R3);
+
+    assert_different_registers(R3,R12,LR,copied,saved_count);
+    inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_checkcast_array_copy_ctr, R3, R12);
+
+    __ BIND(L_not_copied);
+    __ cmp_32(copied, saved_count); // values preserved in saved registers
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    __ csinv(R0, ZR, copied, eq); // 0 if all copied else NOT(copied)
+    __ raw_pop(R19, R20);
+    __ raw_pop(LR, ZR);
+    __ ret();
+#else
+    __ mov(R0, 0, eq); // 0 if all copied
+    __ mvn(R0, copied, ne); // else NOT(copied)
+    __ pop(caller_saved_regs);
+    __ pop(PC);
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Perform range checks on the proposed arraycopy.
+  // Kills the two temps, but nothing else.
+  void arraycopy_range_checks(Register src,     // source array oop
+                              Register src_pos, // source position (32-bit int)
+                              Register dst,     // destination array oop
+                              Register dst_pos, // destination position (32-bit int)
+                              Register length,  // length of copy (32-bit int)
+                              Register temp1, Register temp2,
+                              Label& L_failed) {
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy_range_checks:");
+
+    //  if (src_pos + length > arrayOop(src)->length() ) FAIL;
+
+    const Register array_length = temp1;  // scratch
+    const Register end_pos      = temp2;  // scratch
+
+    __ add_32(end_pos, length, src_pos);  // src_pos + length
+    __ ldr_s32(array_length, Address(src, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes()));
+    __ cmp_32(end_pos, array_length);
+    __ b(L_failed, hi);
+
+    //  if (dst_pos + length > arrayOop(dst)->length() ) FAIL;
+    __ add_32(end_pos, length, dst_pos); // dst_pos + length
+    __ ldr_s32(array_length, Address(dst, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes()));
+    __ cmp_32(end_pos, array_length);
+    __ b(L_failed, hi);
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy_range_checks done");
+  }
+
+  //
+  //  Generate generic array copy stubs
+  //
+  //  Input:
+  //    R0    -  src oop
+  //    R1    -  src_pos (32-bit int)
+  //    R2    -  dst oop
+  //    R3    -  dst_pos (32-bit int)
+  //    R4 (AArch64) / SP[0] (32-bit ARM) -  element count (32-bit int)
+  //
+  //  Output: (32-bit int)
+  //    R0 ==  0  -  success
+  //    R0 <   0  -  need to call System.arraycopy
+  //
+  address generate_generic_copy(const char *name) {
+    Label L_failed, L_objArray;
+
+    // Input registers
+    const Register src      = R0;  // source array oop
+    const Register src_pos  = R1;  // source position
+    const Register dst      = R2;  // destination array oop
+    const Register dst_pos  = R3;  // destination position
+
+    // registers used as temp
+    const Register R5_src_klass = R5; // source array klass
+    const Register R6_dst_klass = R6; // destination array klass
+    const Register R_lh         = AARCH64_ONLY(R7) NOT_AARCH64(altFP_7_11); // layout handler
+    const Register R8_temp      = R8;
+
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R1);
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R3);
+    __ zap_high_non_significant_bits(R4);
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    int pushed = 0;
+    const RegisterSet saved_regs = RegisterSet(R4,R6) | RegisterSet(R8,R9) | altFP_7_11;
+    __ push(saved_regs);
+    assert(saved_regs.size() == 6, "check the count");
+    pushed+=6;
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+    // bump this on entry, not on exit:
+    inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_generic_array_copy_ctr, R5, R12);
+
+    const Register length   = R4;  // elements count
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    __ ldr(length, Address(SP,4*pushed));
+#endif // !AARCH64
+
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Assembler stubs will be used for this call to arraycopy
+    // if the following conditions are met:
+    //
+    // (1) src and dst must not be null.
+    // (2) src_pos must not be negative.
+    // (3) dst_pos must not be negative.
+    // (4) length  must not be negative.
+    // (5) src klass and dst klass should be the same and not NULL.
+    // (6) src and dst should be arrays.
+    // (7) src_pos + length must not exceed length of src.
+    // (8) dst_pos + length must not exceed length of dst.
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy initial argument checks");
+
+    //  if (src == NULL) return -1;
+    __ cbz(src, L_failed);
+
+    //  if (src_pos < 0) return -1;
+    __ cmp_32(src_pos, 0);
+    __ b(L_failed, lt);
+
+    //  if (dst == NULL) return -1;
+    __ cbz(dst, L_failed);
+
+    //  if (dst_pos < 0) return -1;
+    __ cmp_32(dst_pos, 0);
+    __ b(L_failed, lt);
+
+    //  if (length < 0) return -1;
+    __ cmp_32(length, 0);
+    __ b(L_failed, lt);
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy argument klass checks");
+    //  get src->klass()
+    __ load_klass(R5_src_klass, src);
+
+    // Load layout helper
+    //
+    //  |array_tag|     | header_size | element_type |     |log2_element_size|
+    // 32        30    24            16              8     2                 0
+    //
+    //   array_tag: typeArray = 0x3, objArray = 0x2, non-array = 0x0
+    //
+
+    int lh_offset = in_bytes(Klass::layout_helper_offset());
+    __ ldr_u32(R_lh, Address(R5_src_klass, lh_offset));
+
+    __ load_klass(R6_dst_klass, dst);
+
+    // Handle objArrays completely differently...
+    juint objArray_lh = Klass::array_layout_helper(T_OBJECT);
+    __ mov_slow(R8_temp, objArray_lh);
+    __ cmp_32(R_lh, R8_temp);
+    __ b(L_objArray,eq);
+
+    //  if (src->klass() != dst->klass()) return -1;
+    __ cmp(R5_src_klass, R6_dst_klass);
+    __ b(L_failed, ne);
+
+    //  if (!src->is_Array()) return -1;
+    __ cmp_32(R_lh, Klass::_lh_neutral_value); // < 0
+    __ b(L_failed, ge);
+
+    arraycopy_range_checks(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, length,
+                           R8_temp, R6_dst_klass, L_failed);
+
+    {
+      // TypeArrayKlass
+      //
+      // src_addr = (src + array_header_in_bytes()) + (src_pos << log2elemsize);
+      // dst_addr = (dst + array_header_in_bytes()) + (dst_pos << log2elemsize);
+      //
+
+      const Register R6_offset = R6_dst_klass;    // array offset
+      const Register R12_elsize = R12;            // log2 element size
+
+      __ logical_shift_right(R6_offset, R_lh, Klass::_lh_header_size_shift);
+      __ andr(R6_offset, R6_offset, (unsigned int)Klass::_lh_header_size_mask); // array_offset
+      __ add(src, src, R6_offset);       // src array offset
+      __ add(dst, dst, R6_offset);       // dst array offset
+      __ andr(R12_elsize, R_lh, (unsigned int)Klass::_lh_log2_element_size_mask); // log2 element size
+
+      // next registers should be set before the jump to corresponding stub
+      const Register from     = R0;  // source array address
+      const Register to       = R1;  // destination array address
+      const Register count    = R2;  // elements count
+
+      // 'from', 'to', 'count' registers should be set in this order
+      // since they are the same as 'src', 'src_pos', 'dst'.
+
+#ifdef AARCH64
+
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("choose copy loop based on element size and scale indexes");
+      Label Lbyte, Lshort, Lint, Llong;
+
+      __ cbz(R12_elsize, Lbyte);
+
+      assert (LogBytesPerShort < LogBytesPerInt && LogBytesPerInt < LogBytesPerLong, "must be");
+      __ cmp(R12_elsize, LogBytesPerInt);
+      __ b(Lint,  eq);
+      __ b(Llong, gt);
+
+      __ BIND(Lshort);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, LogBytesPerShort);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   dst, dst_pos, LogBytesPerShort);
+      __ mov(count, length);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jshort_arraycopy);
+
+      __ BIND(Lint);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, LogBytesPerInt);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   dst, dst_pos, LogBytesPerInt);
+      __ mov(count, length);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy);
+
+      __ BIND(Lbyte);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, 0);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   dst, dst_pos, 0);
+      __ mov(count, length);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jbyte_arraycopy);
+
+      __ BIND(Llong);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, LogBytesPerLong);
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to,   dst, dst_pos, LogBytesPerLong);
+      __ mov(count, length);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy);
+
+#else // AARCH64
+
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("scale indexes to element size");
+      __ add(from, src, AsmOperand(src_pos, lsl, R12_elsize));       // src_addr
+      __ add(to, dst, AsmOperand(dst_pos, lsl, R12_elsize));         // dst_addr
+
+      __ mov(count, length);  // length
+
+      // XXX optim: avoid later push in arraycopy variants ?
+
+      __ pop(saved_regs);
+
+      BLOCK_COMMENT("choose copy loop based on element size");
+      __ cmp(R12_elsize, 0);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jbyte_arraycopy,eq);
+
+      __ cmp(R12_elsize, LogBytesPerShort);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jshort_arraycopy,eq);
+
+      __ cmp(R12_elsize, LogBytesPerInt);
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy,eq);
+
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy);
+
+#endif // AARCH64
+    }
+
+    // ObjArrayKlass
+    __ BIND(L_objArray);
+    // live at this point:  R5_src_klass, R6_dst_klass, src[_pos], dst[_pos], length
+
+    Label L_plain_copy, L_checkcast_copy;
+    //  test array classes for subtyping
+    __ cmp(R5_src_klass, R6_dst_klass);         // usual case is exact equality
+    __ b(L_checkcast_copy, ne);
+
+    BLOCK_COMMENT("Identically typed arrays");
+    {
+      // Identically typed arrays can be copied without element-wise checks.
+      arraycopy_range_checks(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, length,
+                             R8_temp, R_lh, L_failed);
+
+      // next registers should be set before the jump to corresponding stub
+      const Register from     = R0;  // source array address
+      const Register to       = R1;  // destination array address
+      const Register count    = R2;  // elements count
+
+      __ add(src, src, arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT)); //src offset
+      __ add(dst, dst, arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT)); //dst offset
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, LogBytesPerHeapOop);         // src_addr
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to, dst, dst_pos, LogBytesPerHeapOop);           // dst_addr
+      __ BIND(L_plain_copy);
+      __ mov(count, length);
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+      __ pop(saved_regs); // XXX optim: avoid later push in oop_arraycopy ?
+#endif // !AARCH64
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_oop_arraycopy);
+    }
+
+    {
+      __ BIND(L_checkcast_copy);
+      // live at this point:  R5_src_klass, R6_dst_klass
+
+      // Before looking at dst.length, make sure dst is also an objArray.
+      __ ldr_u32(R8_temp, Address(R6_dst_klass, lh_offset));
+      __ cmp_32(R_lh, R8_temp);
+      __ b(L_failed, ne);
+
+      // It is safe to examine both src.length and dst.length.
+
+      arraycopy_range_checks(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, length,
+                             R8_temp, R_lh, L_failed);
+
+      // next registers should be set before the jump to corresponding stub
+      const Register from     = R0;  // source array address
+      const Register to       = R1;  // destination array address
+      const Register count    = R2;  // elements count
+
+      // Marshal the base address arguments now, freeing registers.
+      __ add(src, src, arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT)); //src offset
+      __ add(dst, dst, arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT)); //dst offset
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(from, src, src_pos, LogBytesPerHeapOop);         // src_addr
+      __ add_ptr_scaled_int32(to, dst, dst_pos, LogBytesPerHeapOop);           // dst_addr
+
+      __ mov(count, length); // length (reloaded)
+
+      Register sco_temp = R3;                   // this register is free now
+      assert_different_registers(from, to, count, sco_temp,
+                                 R6_dst_klass, R5_src_klass);
+
+      // Generate the type check.
+      int sco_offset = in_bytes(Klass::super_check_offset_offset());
+      __ ldr_u32(sco_temp, Address(R6_dst_klass, sco_offset));
+      generate_type_check(R5_src_klass, sco_temp, R6_dst_klass,
+                          R8_temp, R9,
+                          AARCH64_ONLY(R10) NOT_AARCH64(R12),
+                          L_plain_copy);
+
+      // Fetch destination element klass from the ObjArrayKlass header.
+      int ek_offset = in_bytes(ObjArrayKlass::element_klass_offset());
+
+      // the checkcast_copy loop needs two extra arguments:
+      const Register Rdst_elem_klass = AARCH64_ONLY(R4) NOT_AARCH64(R3);
+      __ ldr(Rdst_elem_klass, Address(R6_dst_klass, ek_offset));   // dest elem klass
+#ifndef AARCH64
+      __ pop(saved_regs); // XXX optim: avoid later push in oop_arraycopy ?
+      __ str(Rdst_elem_klass, Address(SP,0));    // dest elem klass argument
+#endif // !AARCH64
+      __ ldr_u32(R3, Address(Rdst_elem_klass, sco_offset));  // sco of elem klass
+      __ b(StubRoutines::_checkcast_arraycopy);
+    }
+
+    __ BIND(L_failed);
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    __ pop(saved_regs);
+#endif // !AARCH64
+    __ mvn(R0, 0); // failure, with 0 copied
+    __ ret();
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Safefetch stubs.
+  void generate_safefetch(const char* name, int size, address* entry, address* fault_pc, address* continuation_pc) {
+    // safefetch signatures:
+    //   int      SafeFetch32(int*      adr, int      errValue);
+    //   intptr_t SafeFetchN (intptr_t* adr, intptr_t errValue);
+    //
+    // arguments:
+    //   R0 = adr
+    //   R1 = errValue
+    //
+    // result:
+    //   R0  = *adr or errValue
+
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);
+
+    // Entry point, pc or function descriptor.
+    *entry = __ pc();
+
+    // Load *adr into c_rarg2, may fault.
+    *fault_pc = __ pc();
+
+    switch (size) {
+      case 4: // int32_t
+        __ ldr_s32(R1, Address(R0));
+        break;
+
+      case 8: // int64_t
+#ifdef AARCH64
+        __ ldr(R1, Address(R0));
+#else
+        Unimplemented();
+#endif // AARCH64
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+    }
+
+    // return errValue or *adr
+    *continuation_pc = __ pc();
+    __ mov(R0, R1);
+    __ ret();
+  }
+
+  void generate_arraycopy_stubs() {
+
+    // Note:  the disjoint stubs must be generated first, some of
+    //        the conjoint stubs use them.
+
+    bool status = false; // non failing C2 stubs need not return a status in R0
+
+#ifdef TEST_C2_GENERIC_ARRAYCOPY /* Internal development flag */
+    // With this flag, the C2 stubs are tested by generating calls to
+    // generic_arraycopy instead of Runtime1::arraycopy
+
+    // Runtime1::arraycopy return a status in R0 (0 if OK, else ~copied)
+    // and the result is tested to see whether the arraycopy stub should
+    // be called.
+
+    // When we test arraycopy this way, we must generate extra code in the
+    // arraycopy methods callable from C2 generic_arraycopy to set the
+    // status to 0 for those who always succeed (calling the slow path stub might
+    // lead to errors since the copy has already been performed).
+
+    status = true; // generate a status compatible with C1 calls
+#endif
+
+    // these need always status in case they are called from generic_arraycopy
+    StubRoutines::_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy",  true, 1, true);
+    StubRoutines::_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jshort_disjoint_arraycopy", true, 2, true);
+    StubRoutines::_jint_disjoint_arraycopy   = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jint_disjoint_arraycopy",   true, 4, true);
+    StubRoutines::_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jlong_disjoint_arraycopy",  true, 8, true);
+    StubRoutines::_oop_disjoint_arraycopy    = generate_oop_copy      (false, "oop_disjoint_arraycopy",    true,    true);
+
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy", status, 1, true);
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy",status, 2, true);
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_disjoint_arraycopy   = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jint_disjoint_arraycopy",  status, 4, true);
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy", status, 8, true);
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy    = generate_oop_copy      (true, "arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy",   status,    true);
+
+    // these need always status in case they are called from generic_arraycopy
+    StubRoutines::_jbyte_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jbyte_arraycopy",  true, 1, false, StubRoutines::_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    StubRoutines::_jshort_arraycopy = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jshort_arraycopy", true, 2, false, StubRoutines::_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy   = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jint_arraycopy",   true, 4, false, StubRoutines::_jint_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy  = generate_primitive_copy(false, "jlong_arraycopy",  true, 8, false, StubRoutines::_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    StubRoutines::_oop_arraycopy    = generate_oop_copy      (false, "oop_arraycopy",    true,    false, StubRoutines::_oop_disjoint_arraycopy);
+
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jbyte_arraycopy    = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jbyte_arraycopy",  status, 1, false, StubRoutines::_arrayof_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jshort_arraycopy   = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jshort_arraycopy", status, 2, false, StubRoutines::_arrayof_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy);
+#ifdef _LP64
+    // since sizeof(jint) < sizeof(HeapWord), there's a different flavor:
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_arraycopy     = generate_primitive_copy(true, "arrayof_jint_arraycopy",   status, 4, false, StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_disjoint_arraycopy);
+#else
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_arraycopy     = StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy;
+#endif
+    if (BytesPerHeapOop < HeapWordSize) {
+      StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_arraycopy    = generate_oop_copy      (true, "arrayof_oop_arraycopy",    status,    false, StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy);
+    } else {
+      StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_arraycopy    = StubRoutines::_oop_arraycopy;
+    }
+    StubRoutines::_arrayof_jlong_arraycopy    = StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy;
+
+    StubRoutines::_checkcast_arraycopy = generate_checkcast_copy("checkcast_arraycopy");
+    StubRoutines::_unsafe_arraycopy    = generate_unsafe_copy("unsafe_arraycopy");
+    StubRoutines::_generic_arraycopy   = generate_generic_copy("generic_arraycopy");
+
+
+  }
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+#define COMPILE_CRYPTO
+#include "stubRoutinesCrypto_arm.cpp"
+#else
+
+#ifdef COMPILER2
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  // Inputs:
+  //   c_rarg0   - source byte array address
+  //   c_rarg1   - destination byte array address
+  //   c_rarg2   - K (key) in little endian int array
+  //
+  address generate_aescrypt_encryptBlock() {
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "aescrypt_encryptBlock");
+
+    Label L_doLast;
+
+    const Register from        = c_rarg0;  // source array address
+    const Register to          = c_rarg1;  // destination array address
+    const Register key         = c_rarg2;  // key array address
+    const Register keylen      = R8;
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+    __ stp(FP, LR, Address(SP, -2 * wordSize, pre_indexed));
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    __ ldr_w(keylen, Address(key, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() - arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_INT)));
+
+    __ vld1(V0, Address(from), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128); // get 16 bytes of input
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, V3, V4, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    int quad = 1;
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V3, V3, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V4, V4, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ aese(V0, V1);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V2);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V3);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V4);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, V3, V4, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V3, V3, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V4, V4, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ aese(V0, V1);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V2);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V3);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V4);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 44);
+    __ b(L_doLast, eq);
+
+    __ aese(V0, V1);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V2);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 52);
+    __ b(L_doLast, eq);
+
+    __ aese(V0, V1);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V2);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ BIND(L_doLast);
+
+    __ aese(V0, V1);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V2);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, Address(key), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ vst1(V0, Address(to), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ mov(R0, 0);
+
+    __ mov(SP, FP);
+    __ ldp(FP, LR, Address(SP, 2 * wordSize, post_indexed));
+    __ ret(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  // Inputs:
+  //   c_rarg0   - source byte array address
+  //   c_rarg1   - destination byte array address
+  //   c_rarg2   - K (key) in little endian int array
+  //
+  address generate_aescrypt_decryptBlock() {
+    assert(UseAES, "need AES instructions and misaligned SSE support");
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "aescrypt_decryptBlock");
+    Label L_doLast;
+
+    const Register from        = c_rarg0;  // source array address
+    const Register to          = c_rarg1;  // destination array address
+    const Register key         = c_rarg2;  // key array address
+    const Register keylen      = R8;
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+    __ stp(FP, LR, Address(SP, -2 * wordSize, pre_indexed));
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    __ ldr_w(keylen, Address(key, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() - arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_INT)));
+
+    __ vld1(V0, Address(from), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128); // get 16 bytes of input
+
+    __ vld1(V5, Address(key, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    int quad = 1;
+    __ rev32(V5, V5, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, V3, V4, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V3, V3, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V4, V4, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ aesd(V0, V1);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V2);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V3);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V4);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, V3, V4, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V3, V3, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V4, V4, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ aesd(V0, V1);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V2);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V3);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V4);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 44);
+    __ b(L_doLast, eq);
+
+    __ aesd(V0, V1);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V2);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 52);
+    __ b(L_doLast, eq);
+
+    __ aesd(V0, V1);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V2);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+
+    __ vld1(V1, V2, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V2, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ BIND(L_doLast);
+
+    __ aesd(V0, V1);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V2);
+
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V5, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ vst1(V0, Address(to), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ mov(R0, 0);
+
+    __ mov(SP, FP);
+    __ ldp(FP, LR, Address(SP, 2 * wordSize, post_indexed));
+    __ ret(LR);
+
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  // Inputs:
+  //   c_rarg0   - source byte array address
+  //   c_rarg1   - destination byte array address
+  //   c_rarg2   - K (key) in little endian int array
+  //   c_rarg3   - r vector byte array address
+  //   c_rarg4   - input length
+  //
+  // Output:
+  //   x0        - input length
+  //
+  address generate_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt() {
+    assert(UseAES, "need AES instructions and misaligned SSE support");
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt");
+
+    Label L_loadkeys_44, L_loadkeys_52, L_aes_loop, L_rounds_44, L_rounds_52;
+
+    const Register from        = c_rarg0;  // source array address
+    const Register to          = c_rarg1;  // destination array address
+    const Register key         = c_rarg2;  // key array address
+    const Register rvec        = c_rarg3;  // r byte array initialized from initvector array address
+                                           // and left with the results of the last encryption block
+    const Register len_reg     = c_rarg4;  // src len (must be multiple of blocksize 16)
+    const Register keylen      = R8;
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+    __ stp(FP, LR, Address(SP, -2 * wordSize, pre_indexed));
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    __ mov(R9, len_reg);
+    __ ldr_w(keylen, Address(key, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() - arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_INT)));
+
+    __ vld1(V0, Address(rvec), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 52);
+    __ b(L_loadkeys_44, cc);
+    __ b(L_loadkeys_52, eq);
+
+    __ vld1(V17, V18, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    int quad = 1;
+    __ rev32(V17, V17, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V18, V18, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ BIND(L_loadkeys_52);
+    __ vld1(V19, V20, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V19, V19, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V20, V20, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ BIND(L_loadkeys_44);
+    __ vld1(V21, V22, V23, V24, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V21, V21, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V22, V22, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V23, V23, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V24, V24, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ vld1(V25, V26, V27, V28, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V25, V25, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V26, V26, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V27, V27, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V28, V28, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ vld1(V29, V30, V31, Address(key), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V29, V29, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V30, V30, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V31, V31, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ BIND(L_aes_loop);
+    __ vld1(V1, Address(from, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ b(L_rounds_44, cc);
+    __ b(L_rounds_52, eq);
+
+    __ aese(V0, V17);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V18);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ BIND(L_rounds_52);
+    __ aese(V0, V19);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V20);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ BIND(L_rounds_44);
+    __ aese(V0, V21);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V22);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V23);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V24);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V25);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V26);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V27);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V28);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V29);
+    __ aesmc(V0, V0);
+    __ aese(V0, V30);
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V31, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ vst1(V0, Address(to, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ sub(len_reg, len_reg, 16);
+    __ cbnz(len_reg, L_aes_loop);
+
+    __ vst1(V0, Address(rvec), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ mov(R0, R9);
+
+    __ mov(SP, FP);
+    __ ldp(FP, LR, Address(SP, 2 * wordSize, post_indexed));
+    __ ret(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  // Inputs:
+  //   c_rarg0   - source byte array address
+  //   c_rarg1   - destination byte array address
+  //   c_rarg2   - K (key) in little endian int array
+  //   c_rarg3   - r vector byte array address
+  //   c_rarg4   - input length
+  //
+  // Output:
+  //   rax       - input length
+  //
+  address generate_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt() {
+    assert(UseAES, "need AES instructions and misaligned SSE support");
+    __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);
+    StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt");
+
+    Label L_loadkeys_44, L_loadkeys_52, L_aes_loop, L_rounds_44, L_rounds_52;
+
+    const Register from        = c_rarg0;  // source array address
+    const Register to          = c_rarg1;  // destination array address
+    const Register key         = c_rarg2;  // key array address
+    const Register rvec        = c_rarg3;  // r byte array initialized from initvector array address
+                                           // and left with the results of the last encryption block
+    const Register len_reg     = c_rarg4;  // src len (must be multiple of blocksize 16)
+    const Register keylen      = R8;
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+    __ stp(FP, LR, Address(SP, -2 * wordSize, pre_indexed));
+    __ mov(FP, SP);
+
+    __ mov(R9, len_reg);
+    __ ldr_w(keylen, Address(key, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() - arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_INT)));
+
+    __ vld1(V2, Address(rvec), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ vld1(V31, Address(key, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    int quad = 1;
+    __ rev32(V31, V31, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ cmp_w(keylen, 52);
+    __ b(L_loadkeys_44, cc);
+    __ b(L_loadkeys_52, eq);
+
+    __ vld1(V17, V18, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V17, V17, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V18, V18, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ BIND(L_loadkeys_52);
+    __ vld1(V19, V20, Address(key, 32, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V19, V19, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V20, V20, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ BIND(L_loadkeys_44);
+    __ vld1(V21, V22, V23, V24, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V21, V21, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V22, V22, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V23, V23, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V24, V24, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ vld1(V25, V26, V27, V28, Address(key, 64, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V25, V25, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V26, V26, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V27, V27, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V28, V28, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ vld1(V29, V30, Address(key), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ rev32(V29, V29, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ rev32(V30, V30, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ BIND(L_aes_loop);
+    __ vld1(V0, Address(from, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ orr(V1, V0, V0, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ b(L_rounds_44, cc);
+    __ b(L_rounds_52, eq);
+
+    __ aesd(V0, V17);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V17);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ BIND(L_rounds_52);
+    __ aesd(V0, V19);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V20);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ BIND(L_rounds_44);
+    __ aesd(V0, V21);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V22);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V23);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V24);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V25);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V26);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V27);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V28);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V29);
+    __ aesimc(V0, V0);
+    __ aesd(V0, V30);
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V31, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+    __ eor(V0, V0, V2, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ vst1(V0, Address(to, 16, post_indexed), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+    __ orr(V2, V1, V1, MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, quad);
+
+    __ sub(len_reg, len_reg, 16);
+    __ cbnz(len_reg, L_aes_loop);
+
+    __ vst1(V2, Address(rvec), MacroAssembler::VELEM_SIZE_8, 128);
+
+    __ mov(R0, R9);
+
+    __ mov(SP, FP);
+    __ ldp(FP, LR, Address(SP, 2 * wordSize, post_indexed));
+    __ ret(LR);
+
+    return start;
+  }
+
+#endif // COMPILER2
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+ private:
+
+#undef  __
+#define __ masm->
+
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Continuation point for throwing of implicit exceptions that are not handled in
+  // the current activation. Fabricates an exception oop and initiates normal
+  // exception dispatching in this frame.
+  address generate_throw_exception(const char* name, address runtime_entry) {
+    int insts_size = 128;
+    int locs_size  = 32;
+    CodeBuffer code(name, insts_size, locs_size);
+    OopMapSet* oop_maps;
+    int frame_size;
+    int frame_complete;
+
+    oop_maps = new OopMapSet();
+    MacroAssembler* masm = new MacroAssembler(&code);
+
+    address start = __ pc();
+
+    frame_size = 2;
+    __ mov(Rexception_pc, LR);
+    __ raw_push(FP, LR);
+
+    frame_complete = __ pc() - start;
+
+    // Any extra arguments are already supposed to be R1 and R2
+    __ mov(R0, Rthread);
+
+    int pc_offset = __ set_last_Java_frame(SP, FP, false, Rtemp);
+    assert(((__ pc()) - start) == __ offset(), "warning: start differs from code_begin");
+    __ call(runtime_entry);
+    if (pc_offset == -1) {
+      pc_offset = __ offset();
+    }
+
+    // Generate oop map
+    OopMap* map =  new OopMap(frame_size*VMRegImpl::slots_per_word, 0);
+    oop_maps->add_gc_map(pc_offset, map);
+    __ reset_last_Java_frame(Rtemp); // Rtemp free since scratched by far call
+
+    __ raw_pop(FP, LR);
+    __ jump(StubRoutines::forward_exception_entry(), relocInfo::runtime_call_type, Rtemp);
+
+    RuntimeStub* stub = RuntimeStub::new_runtime_stub(name, &code, frame_complete,
+                                                      frame_size, oop_maps, false);
+    return stub->entry_point();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Initialization
+
+  void generate_initial() {
+    // Generates all stubs and initializes the entry points
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // entry points that exist in all platforms
+    // Note: This is code that could be shared among different platforms - however the benefit seems to be smaller than
+    //       the disadvantage of having a much more complicated generator structure. See also comment in stubRoutines.hpp.
+    StubRoutines::_forward_exception_entry      = generate_forward_exception();
+
+    StubRoutines::_call_stub_entry              =
+      generate_call_stub(StubRoutines::_call_stub_return_address);
+    // is referenced by megamorphic call
+    StubRoutines::_catch_exception_entry        = generate_catch_exception();
+
+    // stub for throwing stack overflow error used both by interpreter and compiler
+    StubRoutines::_throw_StackOverflowError_entry  = generate_throw_exception("StackOverflowError throw_exception", CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::throw_StackOverflowError));
+
+#ifndef AARCH64
+    // integer division used both by interpreter and compiler
+    StubRoutines::Arm::_idiv_irem_entry = generate_idiv_irem();
+
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_add_entry = generate_atomic_add();
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_xchg_entry = generate_atomic_xchg();
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_cmpxchg_entry = generate_atomic_cmpxchg();
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_cmpxchg_long_entry = generate_atomic_cmpxchg_long();
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_load_long_entry = generate_atomic_load_long();
+    StubRoutines::_atomic_store_long_entry = generate_atomic_store_long();
+#endif // !AARCH64
+  }
+
+  void generate_all() {
+    // Generates all stubs and initializes the entry points
+
+#ifdef COMPILER2
+    // Generate partial_subtype_check first here since its code depends on
+    // UseZeroBaseCompressedOops which is defined after heap initialization.
+    StubRoutines::Arm::_partial_subtype_check                = generate_partial_subtype_check();
+#endif
+    // These entry points require SharedInfo::stack0 to be set up in non-core builds
+    // and need to be relocatable, so they each fabricate a RuntimeStub internally.
+    StubRoutines::_throw_AbstractMethodError_entry         = generate_throw_exception("AbstractMethodError throw_exception",          CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodError));
+    StubRoutines::_throw_IncompatibleClassChangeError_entry= generate_throw_exception("IncompatibleClassChangeError throw_exception", CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::throw_IncompatibleClassChangeError));
+    StubRoutines::_throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry= generate_throw_exception("NullPointerException at call throw_exception", CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::throw_NullPointerException_at_call));
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // entry points that are platform specific
+
+    // support for verify_oop (must happen after universe_init)
+    StubRoutines::_verify_oop_subroutine_entry     = generate_verify_oop();
+
+    // arraycopy stubs used by compilers
+    generate_arraycopy_stubs();
+
+    // Safefetch stubs.
+    generate_safefetch("SafeFetch32", sizeof(int), &StubRoutines::_safefetch32_entry,
+                                                   &StubRoutines::_safefetch32_fault_pc,
+                                                   &StubRoutines::_safefetch32_continuation_pc);
+#ifdef AARCH64
+    generate_safefetch("SafeFetchN", wordSize, &StubRoutines::_safefetchN_entry,
+                                               &StubRoutines::_safefetchN_fault_pc,
+                                               &StubRoutines::_safefetchN_continuation_pc);
+#ifdef COMPILER2
+    if (UseAESIntrinsics) {
+      StubRoutines::_aescrypt_encryptBlock = generate_aescrypt_encryptBlock();
+      StubRoutines::_aescrypt_decryptBlock = generate_aescrypt_decryptBlock();
+      StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt = generate_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt();
+      StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt = generate_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt();
+    }
+#endif
+#else
+    assert (sizeof(int) == wordSize, "32-bit architecture");
+    StubRoutines::_safefetchN_entry           = StubRoutines::_safefetch32_entry;
+    StubRoutines::_safefetchN_fault_pc        = StubRoutines::_safefetch32_fault_pc;
+    StubRoutines::_safefetchN_continuation_pc = StubRoutines::_safefetch32_continuation_pc;
+#endif // AARCH64
+
+#ifdef COMPILE_CRYPTO
+    // generate AES intrinsics code
+    if (UseAESIntrinsics) {
+      aes_init();
+      StubRoutines::_aescrypt_encryptBlock = generate_aescrypt_encryptBlock();
+      StubRoutines::_aescrypt_decryptBlock = generate_aescrypt_decryptBlock();
+      StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt = generate_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt();
+      StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt = generate_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt();
+    }
+#endif // COMPILE_CRYPTO
+  }
+
+
+ public:
+  StubGenerator(CodeBuffer* code, bool all) : StubCodeGenerator(code) {
+    if (all) {
+      generate_all();
+    } else {
+      generate_initial();
+    }
+  }
+}; // end class declaration
+
+void StubGenerator_generate(CodeBuffer* code, bool all) {
+  StubGenerator g(code, all);
+}