jdk/src/share/classes/java/nio/channels/FileChannel.java
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     1 /*
       
     2  * Copyright 2000-2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
       
     3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
       
     4  *
       
     5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       
     6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
       
     7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
       
     8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
       
     9  * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
       
    10  *
       
    11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       
    12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
       
    13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
       
    14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
       
    15  * accompanied this code).
       
    16  *
       
    17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
       
    18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
       
    19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
       
    20  *
       
    21  * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
       
    22  * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
       
    23  * have any questions.
       
    24  */
       
    25 
       
    26 package java.nio.channels;
       
    27 
       
    28 import java.io.*;
       
    29 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
       
    30 import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
       
    31 import java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel;
       
    32 
       
    33 
       
    34 /**
       
    35  * A channel for reading, writing, mapping, and manipulating a file.
       
    36  *
       
    37  * <p> A file channel has a current <i>position</i> within its file which can
       
    38  * be both {@link #position() </code>queried<code>} and {@link #position(long)
       
    39  * </code>modified<code>}.  The file itself contains a variable-length sequence
       
    40  * of bytes that can be read and written and whose current {@link #size
       
    41  * </code><i>size</i><code>} can be queried.  The size of the file increases
       
    42  * when bytes are written beyond its current size; the size of the file
       
    43  * decreases when it is {@link #truncate </code><i>truncated</i><code>}.  The
       
    44  * file may also have some associated <i>metadata</i> such as access
       
    45  * permissions, content type, and last-modification time; this class does not
       
    46  * define methods for metadata access.
       
    47  *
       
    48  * <p> In addition to the familiar read, write, and close operations of byte
       
    49  * channels, this class defines the following file-specific operations: </p>
       
    50  *
       
    51  * <ul>
       
    52  *
       
    53  *   <li><p> Bytes may be {@link #read(ByteBuffer, long) </code>read<code>} or
       
    54  *   {@link #write(ByteBuffer, long) </code>written<code>} at an absolute
       
    55  *   position in a file in a way that does not affect the channel's current
       
    56  *   position.  </p></li>
       
    57  *
       
    58  *   <li><p> A region of a file may be {@link #map </code>mapped<code>}
       
    59  *   directly into memory; for large files this is often much more efficient
       
    60  *   than invoking the usual <tt>read</tt> or <tt>write</tt> methods.
       
    61  *   </p></li>
       
    62  *
       
    63  *   <li><p> Updates made to a file may be {@link #force </code>forced
       
    64  *   out<code>} to the underlying storage device, ensuring that data are not
       
    65  *   lost in the event of a system crash.  </p></li>
       
    66  *
       
    67  *   <li><p> Bytes can be transferred from a file {@link #transferTo </code>to
       
    68  *   some other channel<code>}, and {@link #transferFrom </code>vice
       
    69  *   versa<code>}, in a way that can be optimized by many operating systems
       
    70  *   into a very fast transfer directly to or from the filesystem cache.
       
    71  *   </p></li>
       
    72  *
       
    73  *   <li><p> A region of a file may be {@link FileLock </code>locked<code>}
       
    74  *   against access by other programs.  </p></li>
       
    75  *
       
    76  * </ul>
       
    77  *
       
    78  * <p> File channels are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads.  The
       
    79  * {@link Channel#close close} method may be invoked at any time, as specified
       
    80  * by the {@link Channel} interface.  Only one operation that involves the
       
    81  * channel's position or can change its file's size may be in progress at any
       
    82  * given time; attempts to initiate a second such operation while the first is
       
    83  * still in progress will block until the first operation completes.  Other
       
    84  * operations, in particular those that take an explicit position, may proceed
       
    85  * concurrently; whether they in fact do so is dependent upon the underlying
       
    86  * implementation and is therefore unspecified.
       
    87  *
       
    88  * <p> The view of a file provided by an instance of this class is guaranteed
       
    89  * to be consistent with other views of the same file provided by other
       
    90  * instances in the same program.  The view provided by an instance of this
       
    91  * class may or may not, however, be consistent with the views seen by other
       
    92  * concurrently-running programs due to caching performed by the underlying
       
    93  * operating system and delays induced by network-filesystem protocols.  This
       
    94  * is true regardless of the language in which these other programs are
       
    95  * written, and whether they are running on the same machine or on some other
       
    96  * machine.  The exact nature of any such inconsistencies are system-dependent
       
    97  * and are therefore unspecified.
       
    98  *
       
    99  * <p> This class does not define methods for opening existing files or for
       
   100  * creating new ones; such methods may be added in a future release.  In this
       
   101  * release a file channel can be obtained from an existing {@link
       
   102  * java.io.FileInputStream#getChannel FileInputStream}, {@link
       
   103  * java.io.FileOutputStream#getChannel FileOutputStream}, or {@link
       
   104  * java.io.RandomAccessFile#getChannel RandomAccessFile} object by invoking
       
   105  * that object's <tt>getChannel</tt> method, which returns a file channel that
       
   106  * is connected to the same underlying file.
       
   107  *
       
   108  * <p> The state of a file channel is intimately connected to that of the
       
   109  * object whose <tt>getChannel</tt> method returned the channel.  Changing the
       
   110  * channel's position, whether explicitly or by reading or writing bytes, will
       
   111  * change the file position of the originating object, and vice versa.
       
   112  * Changing the file's length via the file channel will change the length seen
       
   113  * via the originating object, and vice versa.  Changing the file's content by
       
   114  * writing bytes will change the content seen by the originating object, and
       
   115  * vice versa.
       
   116  *
       
   117  * <a name="open-mode"><p> At various points this class specifies that an
       
   118  * instance that is "open for reading," "open for writing," or "open for
       
   119  * reading and writing" is required.  A channel obtained via the {@link
       
   120  * java.io.FileInputStream#getChannel getChannel} method of a {@link
       
   121  * java.io.FileInputStream} instance will be open for reading.  A channel
       
   122  * obtained via the {@link java.io.FileOutputStream#getChannel getChannel}
       
   123  * method of a {@link java.io.FileOutputStream} instance will be open for
       
   124  * writing.  Finally, a channel obtained via the {@link
       
   125  * java.io.RandomAccessFile#getChannel getChannel} method of a {@link
       
   126  * java.io.RandomAccessFile} instance will be open for reading if the instance
       
   127  * was created with mode <tt>"r"</tt> and will be open for reading and writing
       
   128  * if the instance was created with mode <tt>"rw"</tt>.
       
   129  *
       
   130  * <a name="append-mode"><p> A file channel that is open for writing may be in
       
   131  * <i>append mode</i>, for example if it was obtained from a file-output stream
       
   132  * that was created by invoking the {@link
       
   133  * java.io.FileOutputStream#FileOutputStream(java.io.File,boolean)
       
   134  * FileOutputStream(File,boolean)} constructor and passing <tt>true</tt> for
       
   135  * the second parameter.  In this mode each invocation of a relative write
       
   136  * operation first advances the position to the end of the file and then writes
       
   137  * the requested data.  Whether the advancement of the position and the writing
       
   138  * of the data are done in a single atomic operation is system-dependent and
       
   139  * therefore unspecified.
       
   140  *
       
   141  *
       
   142  * @see java.io.FileInputStream#getChannel()
       
   143  * @see java.io.FileOutputStream#getChannel()
       
   144  * @see java.io.RandomAccessFile#getChannel()
       
   145  *
       
   146  * @author Mark Reinhold
       
   147  * @author Mike McCloskey
       
   148  * @author JSR-51 Expert Group
       
   149  * @since 1.4
       
   150  */
       
   151 
       
   152 public abstract class FileChannel
       
   153     extends AbstractInterruptibleChannel
       
   154     implements ByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel
       
   155 {
       
   156 
       
   157     /**
       
   158      * Initializes a new instance of this class.
       
   159      */
       
   160     protected FileChannel() { }
       
   161 
       
   162 
       
   163     // -- Channel operations --
       
   164 
       
   165     /**
       
   166      * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.
       
   167      *
       
   168      * <p> Bytes are read starting at this channel's current file position, and
       
   169      * then the file position is updated with the number of bytes actually
       
   170      * read.  Otherwise this method behaves exactly as specified in the {@link
       
   171      * ReadableByteChannel} interface. </p>
       
   172      */
       
   173     public abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException;
       
   174 
       
   175     /**
       
   176      * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the
       
   177      * given buffers.
       
   178      *
       
   179      * <p> Bytes are read starting at this channel's current file position, and
       
   180      * then the file position is updated with the number of bytes actually
       
   181      * read.  Otherwise this method behaves exactly as specified in the {@link
       
   182      * ScatteringByteChannel} interface.  </p>
       
   183      */
       
   184     public abstract long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length)
       
   185         throws IOException;
       
   186 
       
   187     /**
       
   188      * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.
       
   189      *
       
   190      * <p> Bytes are read starting at this channel's current file position, and
       
   191      * then the file position is updated with the number of bytes actually
       
   192      * read.  Otherwise this method behaves exactly as specified in the {@link
       
   193      * ScatteringByteChannel} interface.  </p>
       
   194      */
       
   195     public final long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException {
       
   196         return read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);
       
   197     }
       
   198 
       
   199     /**
       
   200      * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.
       
   201      *
       
   202      * <p> Bytes are written starting at this channel's current file position
       
   203      * unless the channel is in append mode, in which case the position is
       
   204      * first advanced to the end of the file.  The file is grown, if necessary,
       
   205      * to accommodate the written bytes, and then the file position is updated
       
   206      * with the number of bytes actually written.  Otherwise this method
       
   207      * behaves exactly as specified by the {@link WritableByteChannel}
       
   208      * interface. </p>
       
   209      */
       
   210     public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException;
       
   211 
       
   212     /**
       
   213      * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the
       
   214      * given buffers.
       
   215      *
       
   216      * <p> Bytes are written starting at this channel's current file position
       
   217      * unless the channel is in append mode, in which case the position is
       
   218      * first advanced to the end of the file.  The file is grown, if necessary,
       
   219      * to accommodate the written bytes, and then the file position is updated
       
   220      * with the number of bytes actually written.  Otherwise this method
       
   221      * behaves exactly as specified in the {@link GatheringByteChannel}
       
   222      * interface.  </p>
       
   223      */
       
   224     public abstract long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length)
       
   225         throws IOException;
       
   226 
       
   227     /**
       
   228      * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.
       
   229      *
       
   230      * <p> Bytes are written starting at this channel's current file position
       
   231      * unless the channel is in append mode, in which case the position is
       
   232      * first advanced to the end of the file.  The file is grown, if necessary,
       
   233      * to accommodate the written bytes, and then the file position is updated
       
   234      * with the number of bytes actually written.  Otherwise this method
       
   235      * behaves exactly as specified in the {@link GatheringByteChannel}
       
   236      * interface.  </p>
       
   237      */
       
   238     public final long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException {
       
   239         return write(srcs, 0, srcs.length);
       
   240     }
       
   241 
       
   242 
       
   243     // -- Other operations --
       
   244 
       
   245     /**
       
   246      * Returns this channel's file position.  </p>
       
   247      *
       
   248      * @return  This channel's file position,
       
   249      *          a non-negative integer counting the number of bytes
       
   250      *          from the beginning of the file to the current position
       
   251      *
       
   252      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   253      *          If this channel is closed
       
   254      *
       
   255      * @throws  IOException
       
   256      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   257      */
       
   258     public abstract long position() throws IOException;
       
   259 
       
   260     /**
       
   261      * Sets this channel's file position.
       
   262      *
       
   263      * <p> Setting the position to a value that is greater than the file's
       
   264      * current size is legal but does not change the size of the file.  A later
       
   265      * attempt to read bytes at such a position will immediately return an
       
   266      * end-of-file indication.  A later attempt to write bytes at such a
       
   267      * position will cause the file to be grown to accommodate the new bytes;
       
   268      * the values of any bytes between the previous end-of-file and the
       
   269      * newly-written bytes are unspecified.  </p>
       
   270      *
       
   271      * @param  newPosition
       
   272      *         The new position, a non-negative integer counting
       
   273      *         the number of bytes from the beginning of the file
       
   274      *
       
   275      * @return  This file channel
       
   276      *
       
   277      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   278      *          If this channel is closed
       
   279      *
       
   280      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   281      *          If the new position is negative
       
   282      *
       
   283      * @throws  IOException
       
   284      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   285      */
       
   286     public abstract FileChannel position(long newPosition) throws IOException;
       
   287 
       
   288     /**
       
   289      * Returns the current size of this channel's file. </p>
       
   290      *
       
   291      * @return  The current size of this channel's file,
       
   292      *          measured in bytes
       
   293      *
       
   294      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   295      *          If this channel is closed
       
   296      *
       
   297      * @throws  IOException
       
   298      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   299      */
       
   300     public abstract long size() throws IOException;
       
   301 
       
   302     /**
       
   303      * Truncates this channel's file to the given size.
       
   304      *
       
   305      * <p> If the given size is less than the file's current size then the file
       
   306      * is truncated, discarding any bytes beyond the new end of the file.  If
       
   307      * the given size is greater than or equal to the file's current size then
       
   308      * the file is not modified.  In either case, if this channel's file
       
   309      * position is greater than the given size then it is set to that size.
       
   310      * </p>
       
   311      *
       
   312      * @param  size
       
   313      *         The new size, a non-negative byte count
       
   314      *
       
   315      * @return  This file channel
       
   316      *
       
   317      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   318      *          If this channel was not opened for writing
       
   319      *
       
   320      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   321      *          If this channel is closed
       
   322      *
       
   323      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   324      *          If the new size is negative
       
   325      *
       
   326      * @throws  IOException
       
   327      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   328      */
       
   329     public abstract FileChannel truncate(long size) throws IOException;
       
   330 
       
   331     /**
       
   332      * Forces any updates to this channel's file to be written to the storage
       
   333      * device that contains it.
       
   334      *
       
   335      * <p> If this channel's file resides on a local storage device then when
       
   336      * this method returns it is guaranteed that all changes made to the file
       
   337      * since this channel was created, or since this method was last invoked,
       
   338      * will have been written to that device.  This is useful for ensuring that
       
   339      * critical information is not lost in the event of a system crash.
       
   340      *
       
   341      * <p> If the file does not reside on a local device then no such guarantee
       
   342      * is made.
       
   343      *
       
   344      * <p> The <tt>metaData</tt> parameter can be used to limit the number of
       
   345      * I/O operations that this method is required to perform.  Passing
       
   346      * <tt>false</tt> for this parameter indicates that only updates to the
       
   347      * file's content need be written to storage; passing <tt>true</tt>
       
   348      * indicates that updates to both the file's content and metadata must be
       
   349      * written, which generally requires at least one more I/O operation.
       
   350      * Whether this parameter actually has any effect is dependent upon the
       
   351      * underlying operating system and is therefore unspecified.
       
   352      *
       
   353      * <p> Invoking this method may cause an I/O operation to occur even if the
       
   354      * channel was only opened for reading.  Some operating systems, for
       
   355      * example, maintain a last-access time as part of a file's metadata, and
       
   356      * this time is updated whenever the file is read.  Whether or not this is
       
   357      * actually done is system-dependent and is therefore unspecified.
       
   358      *
       
   359      * <p> This method is only guaranteed to force changes that were made to
       
   360      * this channel's file via the methods defined in this class.  It may or
       
   361      * may not force changes that were made by modifying the content of a
       
   362      * {@link MappedByteBuffer </code>mapped byte buffer<code>} obtained by
       
   363      * invoking the {@link #map map} method.  Invoking the {@link
       
   364      * MappedByteBuffer#force force} method of the mapped byte buffer will
       
   365      * force changes made to the buffer's content to be written.  </p>
       
   366      *
       
   367      * @param   metaData
       
   368      *          If <tt>true</tt> then this method is required to force changes
       
   369      *          to both the file's content and metadata to be written to
       
   370      *          storage; otherwise, it need only force content changes to be
       
   371      *          written
       
   372      *
       
   373      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   374      *          If this channel is closed
       
   375      *
       
   376      * @throws  IOException
       
   377      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   378      */
       
   379     public abstract void force(boolean metaData) throws IOException;
       
   380 
       
   381     /**
       
   382      * Transfers bytes from this channel's file to the given writable byte
       
   383      * channel.
       
   384      *
       
   385      * <p> An attempt is made to read up to <tt>count</tt> bytes starting at
       
   386      * the given <tt>position</tt> in this channel's file and write them to the
       
   387      * target channel.  An invocation of this method may or may not transfer
       
   388      * all of the requested bytes; whether or not it does so depends upon the
       
   389      * natures and states of the channels.  Fewer than the requested number of
       
   390      * bytes are transferred if this channel's file contains fewer than
       
   391      * <tt>count</tt> bytes starting at the given <tt>position</tt>, or if the
       
   392      * target channel is non-blocking and it has fewer than <tt>count</tt>
       
   393      * bytes free in its output buffer.
       
   394      *
       
   395      * <p> This method does not modify this channel's position.  If the given
       
   396      * position is greater than the file's current size then no bytes are
       
   397      * transferred.  If the target channel has a position then bytes are
       
   398      * written starting at that position and then the position is incremented
       
   399      * by the number of bytes written.
       
   400      *
       
   401      * <p> This method is potentially much more efficient than a simple loop
       
   402      * that reads from this channel and writes to the target channel.  Many
       
   403      * operating systems can transfer bytes directly from the filesystem cache
       
   404      * to the target channel without actually copying them.  </p>
       
   405      *
       
   406      * @param  position
       
   407      *         The position within the file at which the transfer is to begin;
       
   408      *         must be non-negative
       
   409      *
       
   410      * @param  count
       
   411      *         The maximum number of bytes to be transferred; must be
       
   412      *         non-negative
       
   413      *
       
   414      * @param  target
       
   415      *         The target channel
       
   416      *
       
   417      * @return  The number of bytes, possibly zero,
       
   418      *          that were actually transferred
       
   419      *
       
   420      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
       
   421      *         If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
       
   422      *
       
   423      * @throws  NonReadableChannelException
       
   424      *          If this channel was not opened for reading
       
   425      *
       
   426      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   427      *          If the target channel was not opened for writing
       
   428      *
       
   429      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   430      *          If either this channel or the target channel is closed
       
   431      *
       
   432      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   433      *          If another thread closes either channel
       
   434      *          while the transfer is in progress
       
   435      *
       
   436      * @throws  ClosedByInterruptException
       
   437      *          If another thread interrupts the current thread while the
       
   438      *          transfer is in progress, thereby closing both channels and
       
   439      *          setting the current thread's interrupt status
       
   440      *
       
   441      * @throws  IOException
       
   442      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   443      */
       
   444     public abstract long transferTo(long position, long count,
       
   445                                     WritableByteChannel target)
       
   446         throws IOException;
       
   447 
       
   448     /**
       
   449      * Transfers bytes into this channel's file from the given readable byte
       
   450      * channel.
       
   451      *
       
   452      * <p> An attempt is made to read up to <tt>count</tt> bytes from the
       
   453      * source channel and write them to this channel's file starting at the
       
   454      * given <tt>position</tt>.  An invocation of this method may or may not
       
   455      * transfer all of the requested bytes; whether or not it does so depends
       
   456      * upon the natures and states of the channels.  Fewer than the requested
       
   457      * number of bytes will be transferred if the source channel has fewer than
       
   458      * <tt>count</tt> bytes remaining, or if the source channel is non-blocking
       
   459      * and has fewer than <tt>count</tt> bytes immediately available in its
       
   460      * input buffer.
       
   461      *
       
   462      * <p> This method does not modify this channel's position.  If the given
       
   463      * position is greater than the file's current size then no bytes are
       
   464      * transferred.  If the source channel has a position then bytes are read
       
   465      * starting at that position and then the position is incremented by the
       
   466      * number of bytes read.
       
   467      *
       
   468      * <p> This method is potentially much more efficient than a simple loop
       
   469      * that reads from the source channel and writes to this channel.  Many
       
   470      * operating systems can transfer bytes directly from the source channel
       
   471      * into the filesystem cache without actually copying them.  </p>
       
   472      *
       
   473      * @param  src
       
   474      *         The source channel
       
   475      *
       
   476      * @param  position
       
   477      *         The position within the file at which the transfer is to begin;
       
   478      *         must be non-negative
       
   479      *
       
   480      * @param  count
       
   481      *         The maximum number of bytes to be transferred; must be
       
   482      *         non-negative
       
   483      *
       
   484      * @return  The number of bytes, possibly zero,
       
   485      *          that were actually transferred
       
   486      *
       
   487      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
       
   488      *         If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
       
   489      *
       
   490      * @throws  NonReadableChannelException
       
   491      *          If the source channel was not opened for reading
       
   492      *
       
   493      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   494      *          If this channel was not opened for writing
       
   495      *
       
   496      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   497      *          If either this channel or the source channel is closed
       
   498      *
       
   499      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   500      *          If another thread closes either channel
       
   501      *          while the transfer is in progress
       
   502      *
       
   503      * @throws  ClosedByInterruptException
       
   504      *          If another thread interrupts the current thread while the
       
   505      *          transfer is in progress, thereby closing both channels and
       
   506      *          setting the current thread's interrupt status
       
   507      *
       
   508      * @throws  IOException
       
   509      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   510      */
       
   511     public abstract long transferFrom(ReadableByteChannel src,
       
   512                                       long position, long count)
       
   513         throws IOException;
       
   514 
       
   515     /**
       
   516      * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer,
       
   517      * starting at the given file position.
       
   518      *
       
   519      * <p> This method works in the same manner as the {@link
       
   520      * #read(ByteBuffer)} method, except that bytes are read starting at the
       
   521      * given file position rather than at the channel's current position.  This
       
   522      * method does not modify this channel's position.  If the given position
       
   523      * is greater than the file's current size then no bytes are read.  </p>
       
   524      *
       
   525      * @param  dst
       
   526      *         The buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
       
   527      *
       
   528      * @param  position
       
   529      *         The file position at which the transfer is to begin;
       
   530      *         must be non-negative
       
   531      *
       
   532      * @return  The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or <tt>-1</tt> if the
       
   533      *          given position is greater than or equal to the file's current
       
   534      *          size
       
   535      *
       
   536      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   537      *          If the position is negative
       
   538      *
       
   539      * @throws  NonReadableChannelException
       
   540      *          If this channel was not opened for reading
       
   541      *
       
   542      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   543      *          If this channel is closed
       
   544      *
       
   545      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   546      *          If another thread closes this channel
       
   547      *          while the read operation is in progress
       
   548      *
       
   549      * @throws  ClosedByInterruptException
       
   550      *          If another thread interrupts the current thread
       
   551      *          while the read operation is in progress, thereby
       
   552      *          closing the channel and setting the current thread's
       
   553      *          interrupt status
       
   554      *
       
   555      * @throws  IOException
       
   556      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   557      */
       
   558     public abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst, long position) throws IOException;
       
   559 
       
   560     /**
       
   561      * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer,
       
   562      * starting at the given file position.
       
   563      *
       
   564      * <p> This method works in the same manner as the {@link
       
   565      * #write(ByteBuffer)} method, except that bytes are written starting at
       
   566      * the given file position rather than at the channel's current position.
       
   567      * This method does not modify this channel's position.  If the given
       
   568      * position is greater than the file's current size then the file will be
       
   569      * grown to accommodate the new bytes; the values of any bytes between the
       
   570      * previous end-of-file and the newly-written bytes are unspecified.  </p>
       
   571      *
       
   572      * @param  src
       
   573      *         The buffer from which bytes are to be transferred
       
   574      *
       
   575      * @param  position
       
   576      *         The file position at which the transfer is to begin;
       
   577      *         must be non-negative
       
   578      *
       
   579      * @return  The number of bytes written, possibly zero
       
   580      *
       
   581      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   582      *          If the position is negative
       
   583      *
       
   584      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   585      *          If this channel was not opened for writing
       
   586      *
       
   587      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   588      *          If this channel is closed
       
   589      *
       
   590      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   591      *          If another thread closes this channel
       
   592      *          while the write operation is in progress
       
   593      *
       
   594      * @throws  ClosedByInterruptException
       
   595      *          If another thread interrupts the current thread
       
   596      *          while the write operation is in progress, thereby
       
   597      *          closing the channel and setting the current thread's
       
   598      *          interrupt status
       
   599      *
       
   600      * @throws  IOException
       
   601      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   602      */
       
   603     public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src, long position) throws IOException;
       
   604 
       
   605 
       
   606     // -- Memory-mapped buffers --
       
   607 
       
   608     /**
       
   609      * A typesafe enumeration for file-mapping modes.
       
   610      *
       
   611      * @since 1.4
       
   612      *
       
   613      * @see java.nio.channels.FileChannel#map
       
   614      */
       
   615     public static class MapMode {
       
   616 
       
   617         /**
       
   618          * Mode for a read-only mapping.
       
   619          */
       
   620         public static final MapMode READ_ONLY
       
   621             = new MapMode("READ_ONLY");
       
   622 
       
   623         /**
       
   624          * Mode for a read/write mapping.
       
   625          */
       
   626         public static final MapMode READ_WRITE
       
   627             = new MapMode("READ_WRITE");
       
   628 
       
   629         /**
       
   630          * Mode for a private (copy-on-write) mapping.
       
   631          */
       
   632         public static final MapMode PRIVATE
       
   633             = new MapMode("PRIVATE");
       
   634 
       
   635         private final String name;
       
   636 
       
   637         private MapMode(String name) {
       
   638             this.name = name;
       
   639         }
       
   640 
       
   641         /**
       
   642          * Returns a string describing this file-mapping mode.
       
   643          *
       
   644          * @return  A descriptive string
       
   645          */
       
   646         public String toString() {
       
   647             return name;
       
   648         }
       
   649 
       
   650     }
       
   651 
       
   652     /**
       
   653      * Maps a region of this channel's file directly into memory.
       
   654      *
       
   655      * <p> A region of a file may be mapped into memory in one of three modes:
       
   656      * </p>
       
   657      *
       
   658      * <ul type=disc>
       
   659      *
       
   660      *   <li><p> <i>Read-only:</i> Any attempt to modify the resulting buffer
       
   661      *   will cause a {@link java.nio.ReadOnlyBufferException} to be thrown.
       
   662      *   ({@link MapMode#READ_ONLY MapMode.READ_ONLY}) </p></li>
       
   663      *
       
   664      *   <li><p> <i>Read/write:</i> Changes made to the resulting buffer will
       
   665      *   eventually be propagated to the file; they may or may not be made
       
   666      *   visible to other programs that have mapped the same file.  ({@link
       
   667      *   MapMode#READ_WRITE MapMode.READ_WRITE}) </p></li>
       
   668      *
       
   669      *   <li><p> <i>Private:</i> Changes made to the resulting buffer will not
       
   670      *   be propagated to the file and will not be visible to other programs
       
   671      *   that have mapped the same file; instead, they will cause private
       
   672      *   copies of the modified portions of the buffer to be created.  ({@link
       
   673      *   MapMode#PRIVATE MapMode.PRIVATE}) </p></li>
       
   674      *
       
   675      * </ul>
       
   676      *
       
   677      * <p> For a read-only mapping, this channel must have been opened for
       
   678      * reading; for a read/write or private mapping, this channel must have
       
   679      * been opened for both reading and writing.
       
   680      *
       
   681      * <p> The {@link MappedByteBuffer </code>mapped byte buffer<code>}
       
   682      * returned by this method will have a position of zero and a limit and
       
   683      * capacity of <tt>size</tt>; its mark will be undefined.  The buffer and
       
   684      * the mapping that it represents will remain valid until the buffer itself
       
   685      * is garbage-collected.
       
   686      *
       
   687      * <p> A mapping, once established, is not dependent upon the file channel
       
   688      * that was used to create it.  Closing the channel, in particular, has no
       
   689      * effect upon the validity of the mapping.
       
   690      *
       
   691      * <p> Many of the details of memory-mapped files are inherently dependent
       
   692      * upon the underlying operating system and are therefore unspecified.  The
       
   693      * behavior of this method when the requested region is not completely
       
   694      * contained within this channel's file is unspecified.  Whether changes
       
   695      * made to the content or size of the underlying file, by this program or
       
   696      * another, are propagated to the buffer is unspecified.  The rate at which
       
   697      * changes to the buffer are propagated to the file is unspecified.
       
   698      *
       
   699      * <p> For most operating systems, mapping a file into memory is more
       
   700      * expensive than reading or writing a few tens of kilobytes of data via
       
   701      * the usual {@link #read read} and {@link #write write} methods.  From the
       
   702      * standpoint of performance it is generally only worth mapping relatively
       
   703      * large files into memory.  </p>
       
   704      *
       
   705      * @param  mode
       
   706      *         One of the constants {@link MapMode#READ_ONLY READ_ONLY}, {@link
       
   707      *         MapMode#READ_WRITE READ_WRITE}, or {@link MapMode#PRIVATE
       
   708      *         PRIVATE} defined in the {@link MapMode} class, according to
       
   709      *         whether the file is to be mapped read-only, read/write, or
       
   710      *         privately (copy-on-write), respectively
       
   711      *
       
   712      * @param  position
       
   713      *         The position within the file at which the mapped region
       
   714      *         is to start; must be non-negative
       
   715      *
       
   716      * @param  size
       
   717      *         The size of the region to be mapped; must be non-negative and
       
   718      *         no greater than {@link java.lang.Integer#MAX_VALUE}
       
   719      *
       
   720      * @throws NonReadableChannelException
       
   721      *         If the <tt>mode</tt> is {@link MapMode#READ_ONLY READ_ONLY} but
       
   722      *         this channel was not opened for reading
       
   723      *
       
   724      * @throws NonWritableChannelException
       
   725      *         If the <tt>mode</tt> is {@link MapMode#READ_WRITE READ_WRITE} or
       
   726      *         {@link MapMode#PRIVATE PRIVATE} but this channel was not opened
       
   727      *         for both reading and writing
       
   728      *
       
   729      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
       
   730      *         If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
       
   731      *
       
   732      * @throws IOException
       
   733      *         If some other I/O error occurs
       
   734      *
       
   735      * @see java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode
       
   736      * @see java.nio.MappedByteBuffer
       
   737      */
       
   738     public abstract MappedByteBuffer map(MapMode mode,
       
   739                                          long position, long size)
       
   740         throws IOException;
       
   741 
       
   742 
       
   743     // -- Locks --
       
   744 
       
   745     /**
       
   746      * Acquires a lock on the given region of this channel's file.
       
   747      *
       
   748      * <p> An invocation of this method will block until the region can be
       
   749      * locked, this channel is closed, or the invoking thread is interrupted,
       
   750      * whichever comes first.
       
   751      *
       
   752      * <p> If this channel is closed by another thread during an invocation of
       
   753      * this method then an {@link AsynchronousCloseException} will be thrown.
       
   754      *
       
   755      * <p> If the invoking thread is interrupted while waiting to acquire the
       
   756      * lock then its interrupt status will be set and a {@link
       
   757      * FileLockInterruptionException} will be thrown.  If the invoker's
       
   758      * interrupt status is set when this method is invoked then that exception
       
   759      * will be thrown immediately; the thread's interrupt status will not be
       
   760      * changed.
       
   761      *
       
   762      * <p> The region specified by the <tt>position</tt> and <tt>size</tt>
       
   763      * parameters need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual
       
   764      * underlying file.  Lock regions are fixed in size; if a locked region
       
   765      * initially contains the end of the file and the file grows beyond the
       
   766      * region then the new portion of the file will not be covered by the lock.
       
   767      * If a file is expected to grow in size and a lock on the entire file is
       
   768      * required then a region starting at zero, and no smaller than the
       
   769      * expected maximum size of the file, should be locked.  The zero-argument
       
   770      * {@link #lock()} method simply locks a region of size {@link
       
   771      * Long#MAX_VALUE}.
       
   772      *
       
   773      * <p> Some operating systems do not support shared locks, in which case a
       
   774      * request for a shared lock is automatically converted into a request for
       
   775      * an exclusive lock.  Whether the newly-acquired lock is shared or
       
   776      * exclusive may be tested by invoking the resulting lock object's {@link
       
   777      * FileLock#isShared() isShared} method.
       
   778      *
       
   779      * <p> File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine.
       
   780      * They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple
       
   781      * threads within the same virtual machine.  </p>
       
   782      *
       
   783      * @param  position
       
   784      *         The position at which the locked region is to start; must be
       
   785      *         non-negative
       
   786      *
       
   787      * @param  size
       
   788      *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
       
   789      *         <tt>position</tt>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
       
   790      *
       
   791      * @param  shared
       
   792      *         <tt>true</tt> to request a shared lock, in which case this
       
   793      *         channel must be open for reading (and possibly writing);
       
   794      *         <tt>false</tt> to request an exclusive lock, in which case this
       
   795      *         channel must be open for writing (and possibly reading)
       
   796      *
       
   797      * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock
       
   798      *
       
   799      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   800      *          If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
       
   801      *
       
   802      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   803      *          If this channel is closed
       
   804      *
       
   805      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   806      *          If another thread closes this channel while the invoking
       
   807      *          thread is blocked in this method
       
   808      *
       
   809      * @throws  FileLockInterruptionException
       
   810      *          If the invoking thread is interrupted while blocked in this
       
   811      *          method
       
   812      *
       
   813      * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
       
   814      *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
       
   815      *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
       
   816      *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
       
   817      *          region
       
   818      *
       
   819      * @throws  NonReadableChannelException
       
   820      *          If <tt>shared</tt> is <tt>true</tt> this channel was not
       
   821      *          opened for reading
       
   822      *
       
   823      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   824      *          If <tt>shared</tt> is <tt>false</tt> but this channel was not
       
   825      *          opened for writing
       
   826      *
       
   827      * @throws  IOException
       
   828      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   829      *
       
   830      * @see     #lock()
       
   831      * @see     #tryLock()
       
   832      * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
       
   833      */
       
   834     public abstract FileLock lock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
       
   835         throws IOException;
       
   836 
       
   837     /**
       
   838      * Acquires an exclusive lock on this channel's file.
       
   839      *
       
   840      * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>fc.lock()</tt> behaves
       
   841      * in exactly the same way as the invocation
       
   842      *
       
   843      * <pre>
       
   844      *     fc.{@link #lock(long,long,boolean) lock}(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false) </pre>
       
   845      *
       
   846      * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock
       
   847      *
       
   848      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   849      *          If this channel is closed
       
   850      *
       
   851      * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
       
   852      *          If another thread closes this channel while the invoking
       
   853      *          thread is blocked in this method
       
   854      *
       
   855      * @throws  FileLockInterruptionException
       
   856      *          If the invoking thread is interrupted while blocked in this
       
   857      *          method
       
   858      *
       
   859      * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
       
   860      *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
       
   861      *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
       
   862      *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
       
   863      *          region of the same file
       
   864      *
       
   865      * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
       
   866      *          If this channel was not opened for writing
       
   867      *
       
   868      * @throws  IOException
       
   869      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   870      *
       
   871      * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
       
   872      * @see     #tryLock()
       
   873      * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
       
   874      */
       
   875     public final FileLock lock() throws IOException {
       
   876         return lock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
       
   877     }
       
   878 
       
   879     /**
       
   880      * Attempts to acquire a lock on the given region of this channel's file.
       
   881      *
       
   882      * <p> This method does not block.  An invocation always returns
       
   883      * immediately, either having acquired a lock on the requested region or
       
   884      * having failed to do so.  If it fails to acquire a lock because an
       
   885      * overlapping lock is held by another program then it returns
       
   886      * <tt>null</tt>.  If it fails to acquire a lock for any other reason then
       
   887      * an appropriate exception is thrown.
       
   888      *
       
   889      * <p> The region specified by the <tt>position</tt> and <tt>size</tt>
       
   890      * parameters need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual
       
   891      * underlying file.  Lock regions are fixed in size; if a locked region
       
   892      * initially contains the end of the file and the file grows beyond the
       
   893      * region then the new portion of the file will not be covered by the lock.
       
   894      * If a file is expected to grow in size and a lock on the entire file is
       
   895      * required then a region starting at zero, and no smaller than the
       
   896      * expected maximum size of the file, should be locked.  The zero-argument
       
   897      * {@link #tryLock()} method simply locks a region of size {@link
       
   898      * Long#MAX_VALUE}.
       
   899      *
       
   900      * <p> Some operating systems do not support shared locks, in which case a
       
   901      * request for a shared lock is automatically converted into a request for
       
   902      * an exclusive lock.  Whether the newly-acquired lock is shared or
       
   903      * exclusive may be tested by invoking the resulting lock object's {@link
       
   904      * FileLock#isShared() isShared} method.
       
   905      *
       
   906      * <p> File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine.
       
   907      * They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple
       
   908      * threads within the same virtual machine.  </p>
       
   909      *
       
   910      * @param  position
       
   911      *         The position at which the locked region is to start; must be
       
   912      *         non-negative
       
   913      *
       
   914      * @param  size
       
   915      *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
       
   916      *         <tt>position</tt>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
       
   917      *
       
   918      * @param  shared
       
   919      *         <tt>true</tt> to request a shared lock,
       
   920      *         <tt>false</tt> to request an exclusive lock
       
   921      *
       
   922      * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock,
       
   923      *          or <tt>null</tt> if the lock could not be acquired
       
   924      *          because another program holds an overlapping lock
       
   925      *
       
   926      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
       
   927      *          If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
       
   928      *
       
   929      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   930      *          If this channel is closed
       
   931      *
       
   932      * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
       
   933      *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
       
   934      *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
       
   935      *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
       
   936      *          region of the same file
       
   937      *
       
   938      * @throws  IOException
       
   939      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   940      *
       
   941      * @see     #lock()
       
   942      * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
       
   943      * @see     #tryLock()
       
   944      */
       
   945     public abstract FileLock tryLock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
       
   946         throws IOException;
       
   947 
       
   948     /**
       
   949      * Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on this channel's file.
       
   950      *
       
   951      * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>fc.tryLock()</tt>
       
   952      * behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
       
   953      *
       
   954      * <pre>
       
   955      *     fc.{@link #tryLock(long,long,boolean) tryLock}(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false) </pre>
       
   956      *
       
   957      * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock,
       
   958      *          or <tt>null</tt> if the lock could not be acquired
       
   959      *          because another program holds an overlapping lock
       
   960      *
       
   961      * @throws  ClosedChannelException
       
   962      *          If this channel is closed
       
   963      *
       
   964      * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
       
   965      *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
       
   966      *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
       
   967      *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
       
   968      *          region
       
   969      *
       
   970      * @throws  IOException
       
   971      *          If some other I/O error occurs
       
   972      *
       
   973      * @see     #lock()
       
   974      * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
       
   975      * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
       
   976      */
       
   977     public final FileLock tryLock() throws IOException {
       
   978         return tryLock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
       
   979     }
       
   980 
       
   981 }