jdk/make/sun/javazic/tzdata/asia
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     1 #
       
     2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
       
     3 #  
       
     4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       
     5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
       
     6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
       
     7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
       
     8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
       
     9 #  
       
    10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       
    11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
       
    12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
       
    13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
       
    14 # accompanied this code).
       
    15 #  
       
    16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
       
    17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
       
    18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
       
    19 #  
       
    20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
       
    21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
       
    22 # have any questions.
       
    23 #
       
    24 # <pre>
       
    25 
       
    26 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
       
    27 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
       
    28 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
       
    29 
       
    30 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
    31 #
       
    32 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
       
    33 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
       
    34 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
       
    35 #
       
    36 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
       
    37 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
       
    38 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
       
    39 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
       
    40 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
       
    41 #
       
    42 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
       
    43 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
       
    44 #
       
    45 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
       
    46 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
       
    47 # I found in the UCLA library.
       
    48 #
       
    49 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
       
    50 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
       
    51 #
       
    52 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
       
    53 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
       
    54 # Corrections are welcome!
       
    55 #	     std  dst
       
    56 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
       
    57 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
       
    58 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
       
    59 #	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
       
    60 #	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran
       
    61 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
       
    62 #	5:30 IST	India
       
    63 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
       
    64 #	7:00 WIT	west Indonesia
       
    65 #	8:00 CIT	central Indonesia
       
    66 #	8:00 CST	China
       
    67 #	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
       
    68 #	9:00 EIT	east Indonesia
       
    69 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
       
    70 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
       
    71 #	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
       
    72 #
       
    73 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
       
    74 
       
    75 # From Guy Harris:
       
    76 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
       
    77 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
       
    78 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
       
    79 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
       
    80 
       
    81 ###############################################################################
       
    82 
       
    83 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
       
    84 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
    85 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
       
    86 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
       
    87 Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
       
    88 Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
       
    89 Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
       
    90 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
       
    91 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
       
    92 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
       
    93 Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
    94 Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
       
    95 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
       
    96 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
       
    97 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
       
    98 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
    99 Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
   100 
       
   101 # Afghanistan
       
   102 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   103 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
       
   104 			4:00	-	AFT	1945
       
   105 			4:30	-	AFT
       
   106 
       
   107 # Armenia
       
   108 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   109 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
       
   110 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
       
   111 # readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
       
   112 # when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
       
   113 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
       
   114 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
       
   115 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
       
   116 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
       
   117 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   118 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
   119 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
       
   120 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
   121 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
       
   122 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
       
   123 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
       
   124 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT
       
   125 
       
   126 # Azerbaijan
       
   127 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
       
   128 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
       
   129 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
       
   130 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   131 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
       
   132 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
       
   133 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   134 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
   135 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
       
   136 			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
   137 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
       
   138 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
       
   139 			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
       
   140 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
       
   141 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
       
   142 
       
   143 # Bahrain
       
   144 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   145 Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
       
   146 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
       
   147 			3:00	-	AST
       
   148 
       
   149 # Bangladesh
       
   150 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   151 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
       
   152 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
       
   153 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
       
   154 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
   155 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
       
   156 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
       
   157 			6:00	-	BDT	# Bangladesh Time
       
   158 
       
   159 # Bhutan
       
   160 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   161 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
       
   162 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
       
   163 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
       
   164 
       
   165 # British Indian Ocean Territory
       
   166 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
       
   167 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
       
   168 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
       
   169 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
       
   170 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
       
   171 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   172 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
       
   173 			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
       
   174 			6:00	-	IOT
       
   175 
       
   176 # Brunei
       
   177 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   178 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
       
   179 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
       
   180 			8:00	-	BNT
       
   181 
       
   182 # Burma / Myanmar
       
   183 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   184 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
       
   185 			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
       
   186 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
       
   187 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
       
   188 			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
       
   189 
       
   190 # Cambodia
       
   191 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   192 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
       
   193 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
   194 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
   195 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
   196 			7:00	-	ICT
       
   197 
       
   198 # China
       
   199 
       
   200 # From Guy Harris:
       
   201 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
       
   202 
       
   203 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
       
   204 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
       
   205 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
       
   206 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
       
   207 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
       
   208 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
       
   209 #
       
   210 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
       
   211 # painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
       
   212 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
       
   213 #
       
   214 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
       
   215 #     1987 mid-April - ??
       
   216 
       
   217 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
       
   218 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
       
   219 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
       
   220 
       
   221 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   222 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
       
   223 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
       
   224 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
       
   225 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
       
   226 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
       
   227 # pre-1980 time zones.
       
   228 
       
   229 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   230 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   231 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   232 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   233 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   234 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
       
   235 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
       
   236 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
       
   237 
       
   238 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
       
   239 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
       
   240 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
       
   241 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
       
   242 #
       
   243 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
       
   244 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
       
   245 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
       
   246 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
       
   247 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
       
   248 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
       
   249 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
       
   250 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
       
   251 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
       
   252 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
       
   253 
       
   254 
       
   255 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   256 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
       
   257 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
       
   258 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
       
   259 			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
       
   260 			8:00	-	CST	1940
       
   261 			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
       
   262 			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
       
   263 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   264 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
       
   265 # most of China
       
   266 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
       
   267 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
       
   268 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   269 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
       
   270 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
       
   271 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
       
   272 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
       
   273 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
       
   274 Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
       
   275 			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
       
   276 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   277 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
       
   278 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
       
   279 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
       
   280 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
       
   281 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
       
   282 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
       
   283 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
       
   284 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
       
   285 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
       
   286 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
       
   287 			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
       
   288 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   289 # Kunlun Time
       
   290 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
       
   291 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
       
   292 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
       
   293 # and Yarkand.
       
   294 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
       
   295 			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
       
   296 			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
       
   297 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   298 
       
   299 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
       
   300 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   301 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
       
   302 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
       
   303 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
       
   304 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
       
   305 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
       
   306 Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
       
   307 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
       
   308 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
       
   309 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
       
   310 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
       
   311 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
       
   312 Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   313 Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   314 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
       
   315 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   316 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   317 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
       
   318 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
       
   319 
       
   320 
       
   321 ###############################################################################
       
   322 
       
   323 # Taiwan
       
   324 
       
   325 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
       
   326 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
       
   327 # have any other information.
       
   328 
       
   329 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   330 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   331 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   332 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   333 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
       
   334 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   335 Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   336 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   337 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   338 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   339 Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
       
   340 Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
       
   341 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   342 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
       
   343 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
       
   344 
       
   345 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
       
   346 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   347 Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   348 Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
       
   349 Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
       
   350 Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   351 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
       
   352 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
       
   353 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   354 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   355 Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   356 Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
       
   357 Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
       
   358 Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
       
   359 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   360 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
       
   361 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   362 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
       
   363 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
       
   364 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   365 
       
   366 
       
   367 ###############################################################################
       
   368 
       
   369 # Cyprus
       
   370 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   371 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
       
   372 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
       
   373 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   374 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
       
   375 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   376 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
       
   377 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
       
   378 Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
   379 Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
   380 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   381 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
       
   382 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
       
   383 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
       
   384 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
       
   385 
       
   386 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
       
   387 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
       
   388 Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
       
   389 
       
   390 # Georgia
       
   391 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
       
   392 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
       
   393 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
       
   394 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
       
   395 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
       
   396 #
       
   397 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
       
   398 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
       
   399 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
       
   400 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
       
   401 #
       
   402 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
       
   403 #
       
   404 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
       
   405 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
       
   406 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
       
   407 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
       
   408 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
       
   409 # of integration into Europe.
       
   410 
       
   411 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
       
   412 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
       
   413 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
       
   414 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
       
   415 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
       
   416 # about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
       
   417 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
       
   418 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
       
   419 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
       
   420 
       
   421 
       
   422 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   423 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
       
   424 			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
       
   425 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
       
   426 			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
   427 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
       
   428 			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
       
   429 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
       
   430 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
       
   431 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
       
   432 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
       
   433 			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
       
   434 			4:00	-	GET
       
   435 
       
   436 # East Timor
       
   437 
       
   438 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
       
   439 
       
   440 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
       
   441 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
       
   442 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
       
   443 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
       
   444 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
       
   445 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
       
   446 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
       
   447 # conflicts with their way of life.
       
   448 
       
   449 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
       
   450 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
       
   451 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
       
   452 
       
   453 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
       
   454 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
       
   455 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
       
   456 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
       
   457 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
       
   458 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
       
   459 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
       
   460 
       
   461 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   462 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
       
   463 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
       
   464 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
       
   465 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
       
   466 			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
       
   467 			9:00	-	TLT
       
   468 
       
   469 # India
       
   470 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   471 Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
       
   472 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
       
   473 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
       
   474 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
   475 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
       
   476 			5:30	-	IST
       
   477 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
       
   478 #	Andaman Is
       
   479 #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
       
   480 #	Nicobar Is
       
   481 
       
   482 # Indonesia
       
   483 #
       
   484 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   485 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
       
   486 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
       
   487 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
       
   488 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
       
   489 #
       
   490 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
       
   491 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
       
   492 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
       
   493 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
       
   494 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
       
   495 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
       
   496 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
       
   497 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
       
   498 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
       
   499 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
       
   500 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
       
   501 # switched on 1945-09-23.
       
   502 #
       
   503 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   504 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
       
   505 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
       
   506 # but this must be a typo.
       
   507 			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
       
   508 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
       
   509 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
       
   510 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
       
   511 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
       
   512 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
       
   513 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
       
   514 			7:00	-	WIT
       
   515 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
       
   516 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
       
   517 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
       
   518 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
       
   519 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
       
   520 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
       
   521 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
       
   522 			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
       
   523 			7:00	-	WIT
       
   524 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
       
   525 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
       
   526 			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
       
   527 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
       
   528 			8:00	-	CIT
       
   529 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
       
   530 			9:00	-	EIT	1944 Sep  1
       
   531 			9:30	-	CST	1964
       
   532 			9:00	-	EIT
       
   533 
       
   534 # Iran
       
   535 
       
   536 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
       
   537 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
       
   538 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
       
   539 #
       
   540 #	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
       
   541 #	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
       
   542 #
       
   543 #	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
       
   544 #
       
   545 #	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
       
   546 #	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
       
   547 #	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
       
   548 #	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
       
   549 #	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
       
   550 #	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
       
   551 #
       
   552 #	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
       
   553 #	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
       
   554 #	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
       
   555 #	Shahrivar.
       
   556 #
       
   557 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
       
   558 #
       
   559 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
       
   560 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
       
   561 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
       
   562 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
       
   563 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
       
   564 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
       
   565 #
       
   566 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
       
   567 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
       
   568 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
       
   569 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
       
   570 # plan to change that law....
       
   571 #
       
   572 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   573 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
       
   574 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
       
   575 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
       
   576 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
       
   577 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
       
   578 #
       
   579 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
       
   580 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
       
   581 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
       
   582 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
       
   583 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
       
   584 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
       
   585 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
       
   586 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
       
   587 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
       
   588 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
       
   589 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
       
   590 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
       
   591 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
       
   592 #
       
   593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
       
   594 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
       
   595 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
       
   596 #
       
   597 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
       
   598 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
       
   599 # daylight saving time ...
       
   600 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
       
   601 #
       
   602 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   603 Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   604 Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
       
   605 Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
       
   606 Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
       
   607 Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   608 Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   609 Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   610 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   611 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   612 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   613 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   614 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   615 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   616 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   617 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   618 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   619 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   620 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   621 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   622 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   623 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   624 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   625 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   626 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   627 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   628 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   629 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   630 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   631 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   632 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   633 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   634 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   635 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   636 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   637 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   638 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   639 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   640 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   641 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   642 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   643 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   644 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   645 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   646 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   647 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   648 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   649 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   650 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   651 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   652 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   653 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
       
   654 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
       
   655 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
       
   656 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
       
   657 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
       
   658 
       
   659 
       
   660 # Iraq
       
   661 #
       
   662 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
       
   663 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
       
   664 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
       
   665 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
       
   666 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
       
   667 #
       
   668 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
       
   669 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
       
   670 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
       
   671 # to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
       
   672 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
       
   673 #
       
   674 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
       
   675 
       
   676 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   677 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   678 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   679 Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
       
   680 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   681 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
       
   682 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
       
   683 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
       
   684 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
       
   685 #
       
   686 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
       
   687 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
       
   688 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   689 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
       
   690 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
       
   691 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
       
   692 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
       
   693 
       
   694 
       
   695 ###############################################################################
       
   696 
       
   697 # Israel
       
   698 
       
   699 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
       
   700 #
       
   701 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
       
   702 # different abbreviations in use:
       
   703 #
       
   704 # JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
       
   705 # IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
       
   706 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
       
   707 #
       
   708 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
       
   709 # I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
       
   710 # EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
       
   711 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
       
   712 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
       
   713 # settings in Israeli computers.
       
   714 #
       
   715 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
       
   716 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
       
   717 # family is from India).
       
   718 
       
   719 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   720 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   721 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   722 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   723 Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   724 Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   725 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   726 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   727 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
       
   728 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   729 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
       
   730 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   731 Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   732 Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   733 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   734 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
       
   735 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   736 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
       
   737 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
       
   738 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
       
   739 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
       
   740 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
       
   741 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
       
   742 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
       
   743 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
       
   744 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
       
   745 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   746 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
       
   747 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
       
   748 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   749 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
       
   750 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
       
   751 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
       
   752 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
       
   753 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
       
   754 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
       
   755 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
       
   756 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
       
   757 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
   758 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
       
   759 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
       
   760 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   761 
       
   762 # From Ephraim Silverberg
       
   763 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
       
   764 # and 2005-02-17):
       
   765 
       
   766 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
       
   767 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
       
   768 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
       
   769 # days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
       
   770 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
       
   771 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
       
   772 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
       
   773 # time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
       
   774 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
       
   775 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
       
   776 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
       
   777 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
       
   778 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
       
   779 # 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
       
   780 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
       
   781 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
       
   782 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
       
   783 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
       
   784 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
       
   785 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
       
   786 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
       
   787 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
       
   788 
       
   789 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   790 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
       
   791 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   792 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
       
   793 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
       
   794 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
       
   795 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   796 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
       
   797 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
       
   798 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
       
   799 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
       
   800 
       
   801 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
       
   802 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
       
   803 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
       
   804 
       
   805 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
       
   806 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   807 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
       
   808 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
       
   809 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   810 
       
   811 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
       
   812 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
       
   813 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
       
   814 #
       
   815 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
       
   816 #
       
   817 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
       
   818 #
       
   819 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
       
   820 #
       
   821 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
       
   822 #
       
   823 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
       
   824 
       
   825 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   826 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
   827 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
       
   828 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   829 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
       
   830 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
       
   831 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
       
   832 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
       
   833 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
       
   834 
       
   835 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
       
   836 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
       
   837 # years 2001-2004 as well.
       
   838 #
       
   839 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
       
   840 #
       
   841 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
       
   842 #
       
   843 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
       
   844 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
       
   845 #
       
   846 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
       
   847 
       
   848 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   849 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
       
   850 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
       
   851 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
       
   852 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
       
   853 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
       
   854 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
       
   855 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
       
   856 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
       
   857 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
       
   858 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
       
   859 
       
   860 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
       
   861 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
       
   862 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
       
   863 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
       
   864 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
       
   865 #
       
   866 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
       
   867 #
       
   868 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
       
   869 
       
   870 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
       
   871 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
       
   872 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
       
   873 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
       
   874 # to generate the transitions in this list.
       
   875 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
       
   876 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
       
   877 #
       
   878 # Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   879 #
       
   880 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
       
   881 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
       
   882 # springtime transitions explicitly.
       
   883 
       
   884 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   885 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   886 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
       
   887 Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   888 Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   889 Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   890 Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
       
   891 Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
       
   892 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   893 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   894 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   895 Rule	Zion	2012	2015	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   896 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
       
   897 Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	2:00	0	S
       
   898 Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   899 Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
       
   900 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   901 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
       
   902 Rule	Zion	2017	2021	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   903 Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   904 Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   905 Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   906 Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
       
   907 Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   908 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   909 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   910 Rule	Zion	2023	2032	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   911 Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   912 Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   913 Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   914 Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
       
   915 Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
       
   916 Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   917 Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   918 Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   919 Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	2:00	0	S
       
   920 Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   921 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   922 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   923 Rule	Zion	2034	2037	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   924 Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
       
   925 Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	0	S
       
   926 Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   927 Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	S
       
   928 
       
   929 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   930 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
       
   931 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
       
   932 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
       
   933 
       
   934 
       
   935 
       
   936 ###############################################################################
       
   937 
       
   938 # Japan
       
   939 
       
   940 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
       
   941 
       
   942 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
       
   943 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
       
   944 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
       
   945 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
       
   946 
       
   947 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
       
   948 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
       
   949 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
       
   950 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
       
   951 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
       
   952 # deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
       
   953 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
       
   954 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
       
   955 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
       
   956 # wanted to keep it.)
       
   957 
       
   958 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   959 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
       
   960 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   961 Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   962 Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
       
   963 Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   964 Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   965 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
       
   966 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
       
   967 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
       
   968 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
       
   969 
       
   970 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
       
   971 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
       
   972 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
       
   973 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
       
   974 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
       
   975 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
       
   976 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
       
   977 
       
   978 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
       
   979 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
       
   980 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
       
   981 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
       
   982 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
       
   983 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
       
   984 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
       
   985 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
       
   986 # standard....
       
   987 #
       
   988 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
       
   989 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
       
   990 
       
   991 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
       
   992 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
       
   993 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
       
   994 
       
   995 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   996 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
       
   997 			9:00	-	JST	1896
       
   998 			9:00	-	CJT	1938
       
   999 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
       
  1000 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
       
  1001 
       
  1002 # Jordan
       
  1003 #
       
  1004 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
       
  1005 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
       
  1006 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
       
  1007 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
       
  1008 # all year round.
       
  1009 #
       
  1010 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
       
  1011 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
       
  1012 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
       
  1013 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
       
  1014 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
       
  1015 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
       
  1016 #
       
  1017 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
       
  1018 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
       
  1019 #
       
  1020 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
       
  1021 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
       
  1022 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
       
  1023 #
       
  1024 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
       
  1025 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
       
  1026 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
       
  1027 #
       
  1028 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1029 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1030 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1031 Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1032 Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1033 Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1034 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1035 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
       
  1036 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1037 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1038 Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1039 Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
       
  1040 Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1041 Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1042 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1043 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
       
  1044 Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1045 Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
       
  1046 Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1047 Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
       
  1048 Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
       
  1049 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
       
  1050 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
       
  1051 Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
       
  1052 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
       
  1053 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
       
  1054 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
       
  1055 Rule	Jordan	2006	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
       
  1056 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1057 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
       
  1058 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
       
  1059 
       
  1060 
       
  1061 # Kazakhstan
       
  1062 
       
  1063 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
       
  1064 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
       
  1065 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
       
  1066 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
       
  1067 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
       
  1068 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
       
  1069 
       
  1070 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1071 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
       
  1072 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
       
  1073 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
       
  1074 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1075 #
       
  1076 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
       
  1077 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
       
  1078 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
       
  1079 
       
  1080 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
       
  1081 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
       
  1082 # </a>
       
  1083 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
       
  1084 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
       
  1085 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
       
  1086 #
       
  1087 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
       
  1088 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
       
  1089 # was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
       
  1090 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
       
  1091 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
       
  1092 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
       
  1093 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
       
  1094 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
       
  1095 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
       
  1096 
       
  1097 #
       
  1098 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1099 #
       
  1100 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
       
  1101 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
       
  1102 			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
       
  1103 			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
       
  1104 			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
       
  1105 			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1106 			6:00	-	ALMT
       
  1107 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
       
  1108 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1109 			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
       
  1110 			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1111 			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1112 			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1113 			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
       
  1114 			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1115 			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
       
  1116 			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1117 			6:00	-	QYZT
       
  1118 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
       
  1119 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1120 			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
       
  1121 			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1122 			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1123 			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1124 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
       
  1125 			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1126 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
       
  1127 			5:00	-	AQTT
       
  1128 # Mangghystau
       
  1129 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
       
  1130 # so include time stamps before 1963.
       
  1131 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1132 			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
       
  1133 			5:00	-	FORT	1963
       
  1134 			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
       
  1135 			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
       
  1136 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
       
  1137 			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1138 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
       
  1139 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1140 			5:00	-	AQTT
       
  1141 # West Kazakhstan
       
  1142 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
       
  1143 			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
       
  1144 			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1145 			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1146 			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1147 			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
       
  1148 			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
       
  1149 			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1150 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
       
  1151 			5:00	-	ORAT
       
  1152 
       
  1153 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
       
  1154 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1155 
       
  1156 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
       
  1157 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
       
  1158 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
       
  1159 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
       
  1160 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
       
  1161 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
       
  1162 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
       
  1163 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
       
  1164 
       
  1165 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1166 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
       
  1167 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1168 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
       
  1169 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
       
  1170 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1171 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1172 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
       
  1173 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
  1174 			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
       
  1175 			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
       
  1176 			6:00	-	KGT
       
  1177 
       
  1178 ###############################################################################
       
  1179 
       
  1180 # Korea (North and South)
       
  1181 
       
  1182 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
       
  1183 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
       
  1184 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
       
  1185 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
       
  1186 # the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
       
  1187 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
       
  1188 
       
  1189 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1190 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1191 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
  1192 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
       
  1193 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
       
  1194 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
       
  1195 
       
  1196 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1197 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
       
  1198 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
       
  1199 			9:00	-	KST	1928
       
  1200 			8:30	-	KST	1932
       
  1201 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
       
  1202 			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
       
  1203 			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
       
  1204 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
       
  1205 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
       
  1206 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
       
  1207 			9:00	-	KST	1928
       
  1208 			8:30	-	KST	1932
       
  1209 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
       
  1210 			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
       
  1211 			9:00	-	KST
       
  1212 
       
  1213 ###############################################################################
       
  1214 
       
  1215 # Kuwait
       
  1216 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1217 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
       
  1218 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
       
  1219 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
       
  1220 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
       
  1221 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
       
  1222 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
       
  1223 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
       
  1224 # so for now we assume no DST.
       
  1225 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
       
  1226 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1227 
       
  1228 # Laos
       
  1229 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1230 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
       
  1231 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
  1232 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
  1233 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
  1234 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1235 
       
  1236 # Lebanon
       
  1237 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1238 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1239 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
       
  1240 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1241 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
       
  1242 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1243 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
       
  1244 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1245 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
       
  1246 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1247 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1248 Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1249 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1250 Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1251 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1252 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
       
  1253 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1254 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
       
  1255 Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1256 Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1257 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1258 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
       
  1259 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1260 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1261 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1262 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1263 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
       
  1264 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
       
  1265 
       
  1266 # Malaysia
       
  1267 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1268 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
       
  1269 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
       
  1270 #
       
  1271 # peninsular Malaysia
       
  1272 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
       
  1273 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
       
  1274 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1275 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
       
  1276 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
       
  1277 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
       
  1278 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
       
  1279 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
       
  1280 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1281 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1282 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
       
  1283 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
       
  1284 # Sabah & Sarawak
       
  1285 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1286 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
       
  1287 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
       
  1288 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1289 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
       
  1290 			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
       
  1291 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1292 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1293 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
       
  1294 			8:00	-	MYT
       
  1295 
       
  1296 # Maldives
       
  1297 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1298 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
       
  1299 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
       
  1300 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
       
  1301 
       
  1302 # Mongolia
       
  1303 
       
  1304 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
       
  1305 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
       
  1306 # both say that it has just one.
       
  1307 
       
  1308 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
       
  1309 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
       
  1310 # General Information Mongolia
       
  1311 # </a> (1999-09)
       
  1312 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
       
  1313 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
       
  1314 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
       
  1315 # eight hours."
       
  1316 
       
  1317 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
       
  1318 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
       
  1319 # being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
       
  1320 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
       
  1321 # of implementation may have been different....
       
  1322 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
       
  1323 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
       
  1324 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
       
  1325 
       
  1326 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
       
  1327 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
       
  1328 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
       
  1329 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
       
  1330 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
       
  1331 # is good enough for our purposes.
       
  1332 
       
  1333 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
       
  1334 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
       
  1335 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
       
  1336 # there are three time zones.
       
  1337 #
       
  1338 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
       
  1339 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
       
  1340 #	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
       
  1341 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
       
  1342 #
       
  1343 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
       
  1344 
       
  1345 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
       
  1346 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
       
  1347 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
       
  1348 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
       
  1349 #
       
  1350 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
       
  1351 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
       
  1352 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
       
  1353 
       
  1354 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
       
  1355 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
       
  1356 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
       
  1357 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
       
  1358 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
       
  1359 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
       
  1360 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
       
  1361 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
       
  1362 # He also found
       
  1363 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
       
  1364 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
       
  1365 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
       
  1366 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
       
  1367 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
       
  1368 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
       
  1369 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
       
  1370 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
       
  1371 
       
  1372 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
       
  1373 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
       
  1374 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
       
  1375 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
       
  1376 
       
  1377 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1378 Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1379 Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1380 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
       
  1381 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
       
  1382 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
       
  1383 #
       
  1384 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
       
  1385 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
       
  1386 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
       
  1387 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
       
  1388 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
       
  1389 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
       
  1390 
       
  1391 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1392 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1393 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
       
  1394 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1395 Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
       
  1396 Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1397 
       
  1398 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1399 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
       
  1400 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1401 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
       
  1402 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
       
  1403 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
       
  1404 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1405 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
       
  1406 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
       
  1407 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
       
  1408 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
       
  1409 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1410 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
       
  1411 			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
       
  1412 			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	# Choibalsan Time
       
  1413 
       
  1414 # Nepal
       
  1415 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1416 Zone	Asia/Katmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
       
  1417 			5:30	-	IST	1986
       
  1418 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
       
  1419 
       
  1420 # Oman
       
  1421 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1422 Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
       
  1423 			4:00	-	GST
       
  1424 
       
  1425 # Pakistan
       
  1426 
       
  1427 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
       
  1428 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
       
  1429 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
       
  1430 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
       
  1431 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
       
  1432 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
       
  1433 
       
  1434 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
       
  1435 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
       
  1436 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
       
  1437 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
       
  1438 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
       
  1439 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
       
  1440 # 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
       
  1441 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
       
  1442 # it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
       
  1443 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
       
  1444 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
       
  1445 
       
  1446 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
       
  1447 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
       
  1448 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
       
  1449 
       
  1450 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
       
  1451 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
       
  1452 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
       
  1453 #
       
  1454 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
       
  1455 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
       
  1456 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
       
  1457 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
       
  1458 #
       
  1459 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
       
  1460 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
       
  1461 
       
  1462 
       
  1463 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1464 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
       
  1465 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
       
  1466 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1467 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
       
  1468 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
  1469 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
       
  1470 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
       
  1471 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
       
  1472 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
       
  1473 
       
  1474 # Palestine
       
  1475 
       
  1476 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
       
  1477 #
       
  1478 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
       
  1479 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
       
  1480 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
       
  1481 #
       
  1482 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
       
  1483 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
       
  1484 # time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
       
  1485 # though.
       
  1486 #
       
  1487 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
       
  1488 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
       
  1489 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
       
  1490 # Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
       
  1491 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
       
  1492 # East Jerusalem.
       
  1493 #
       
  1494 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
       
  1495 # for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
       
  1496 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
       
  1497 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
       
  1498 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
       
  1499 #
       
  1500 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
       
  1501 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
       
  1502 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
       
  1503 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
       
  1504 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
       
  1505 # Jordanian one).
       
  1506 #
       
  1507 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
       
  1508 #
       
  1509 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
       
  1510 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
       
  1511 # Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
       
  1512 # West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
       
  1513 # Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
       
  1514 #
       
  1515 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
       
  1516 # have one).
       
  1517 
       
  1518 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1519 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
       
  1520 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
       
  1521 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
       
  1522 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
       
  1523 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
       
  1524 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
       
  1525 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
       
  1526 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
       
  1527 # to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
       
  1528 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
       
  1529 
       
  1530 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
       
  1531 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
       
  1532 #
       
  1533 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
       
  1534 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
       
  1535 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
       
  1536 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
       
  1537 
       
  1538 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
       
  1539 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
       
  1540 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
       
  1541 # Holiday havoc
       
  1542 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
       
  1543 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
       
  1544 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
       
  1545 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
       
  1546 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
       
  1547 
       
  1548 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
       
  1549 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
       
  1550 
       
  1551 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
       
  1552 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
       
  1553 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
       
  1554 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
       
  1555 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
       
  1556 
       
  1557 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
       
  1558 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
       
  1559 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
       
  1560 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
       
  1561 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
       
  1562 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
       
  1563 # the West Bank.
       
  1564 
       
  1565 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
       
  1566 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
       
  1567 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
       
  1568 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
       
  1569 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
       
  1570 # > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
       
  1571 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
       
  1572 # because of the Ramadan.
       
  1573 
       
  1574 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
       
  1575 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
       
  1576 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
       
  1577 
       
  1578 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
       
  1579 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
       
  1580 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
       
  1581 # surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
       
  1582 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
       
  1583 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
       
  1584 
       
  1585 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
       
  1586 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1587 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1588 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1589 Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1590 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
       
  1591 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
       
  1592 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
       
  1593 
       
  1594 Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1595 Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
       
  1596 Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
       
  1597 Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
       
  1598 Rule Palestine	2006	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1599 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
       
  1600 Rule Palestine	2007	max	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
       
  1601 
       
  1602 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1603 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
       
  1604 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
       
  1605 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
       
  1606 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
       
  1607 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
       
  1608 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
       
  1609 
       
  1610 # Paracel Is
       
  1611 # no information
       
  1612 
       
  1613 # Philippines
       
  1614 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
       
  1615 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
       
  1616 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
       
  1617 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
       
  1618 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1619 
       
  1620 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
       
  1621 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
       
  1622 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
       
  1623 # rainy season begins.  See
       
  1624 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
       
  1625 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
       
  1626 #
       
  1627 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
       
  1628 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
       
  1629 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
       
  1630 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
       
  1631 # but no details]
       
  1632 
       
  1633 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1634 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1635 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1636 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1637 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1638 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1639 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
       
  1640 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1641 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
       
  1642 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
       
  1643 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
       
  1644 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
       
  1645 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
       
  1646 
       
  1647 # Qatar
       
  1648 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1649 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
       
  1650 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
       
  1651 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1652 
       
  1653 # Saudi Arabia
       
  1654 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1655 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
       
  1656 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1657 
       
  1658 # Singapore
       
  1659 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
       
  1660 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
       
  1661 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1662 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
       
  1663 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
       
  1664 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
       
  1665 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
       
  1666 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
       
  1667 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1668 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1669 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
       
  1670 			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
       
  1671 			8:00	-	SGT
       
  1672 
       
  1673 # Spratly Is
       
  1674 # no information
       
  1675 
       
  1676 # Sri Lanka
       
  1677 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
       
  1678 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
       
  1679 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
       
  1680 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
       
  1681 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
       
  1682 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
       
  1683 #
       
  1684 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
       
  1685 # by Shamindra in
       
  1686 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
       
  1687 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
       
  1688 # </a>:
       
  1689 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
       
  1690 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
       
  1691 
       
  1692 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
       
  1693 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
       
  1694 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
       
  1695 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
       
  1696 
       
  1697 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
       
  1698 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
       
  1699 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
       
  1700 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
       
  1701 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
       
  1702 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
       
  1703 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta',
       
  1704 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
       
  1705 
       
  1706 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
       
  1707 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
       
  1708 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
       
  1709 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
       
  1710 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
       
  1711 #
       
  1712 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
       
  1713 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
       
  1714 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
       
  1715 #
       
  1716 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
       
  1717 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
       
  1718 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
       
  1719 # item....
       
  1720 #
       
  1721 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
       
  1722 # adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
       
  1723 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
       
  1724 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
       
  1725 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
       
  1726 #
       
  1727 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
       
  1728 # (that we have not known so far) then  it is better that it be used for
       
  1729 # all computers.
       
  1730 
       
  1731 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
       
  1732 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
       
  1733 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
       
  1734 
       
  1735 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1736 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
       
  1737 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
       
  1738 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
       
  1739 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
       
  1740 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
       
  1741 			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
       
  1742 			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
       
  1743 			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
       
  1744 			5:30	-	IST
       
  1745 
       
  1746 # Syria
       
  1747 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1748 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1749 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
       
  1750 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1751 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1752 Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1753 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1754 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1755 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1756 Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1757 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1758 Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1759 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1760 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1761 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1762 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1763 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
       
  1764 Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1765 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
       
  1766 Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1767 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1768 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1769 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1770 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1771 Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1772 Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1773 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1774 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1775 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
       
  1776 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
       
  1777 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
       
  1778 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
       
  1779 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
       
  1780 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
       
  1781 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
       
  1782 Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1783 Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1784 Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1785 Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1786 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
       
  1787 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
       
  1788 # this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
       
  1789 Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
       
  1790 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
       
  1791 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
       
  1792 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
       
  1793 # For lack of better info, assume the rule changed to "last Friday in March"
       
  1794 # this year.
       
  1795 Rule	Syria	2007	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1796 Rule	Syria	2007	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1797 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1798 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
       
  1799 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
       
  1800 
       
  1801 # Tajikistan
       
  1802 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1803 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1804 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1805 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
       
  1806 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
  1807 			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
       
  1808 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
       
  1809 
       
  1810 # Thailand
       
  1811 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1812 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
       
  1813 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
       
  1814 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1815 
       
  1816 # Turkmenistan
       
  1817 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1818 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1819 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
       
  1820 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
       
  1821 			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
       
  1822 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
       
  1823 			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
       
  1824 			5:00	-	TMT
       
  1825 
       
  1826 # United Arab Emirates
       
  1827 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1828 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
       
  1829 			4:00	-	GST
       
  1830 
       
  1831 # Uzbekistan
       
  1832 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1833 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1834 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
       
  1835 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1836 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1837 			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
       
  1838 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
       
  1839 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
       
  1840 			5:00	-	UZT
       
  1841 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1842 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
       
  1843 			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
       
  1844 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
       
  1845 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
       
  1846 			5:00	-	UZT
       
  1847 
       
  1848 # Vietnam
       
  1849 
       
  1850 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
       
  1851 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
       
  1852 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
       
  1853 
       
  1854 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1855 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1856 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
       
  1857 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
  1858 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
  1859 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
  1860 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1861 
       
  1862 # Yemen
       
  1863 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1864 Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
       
  1865 			3:00	-	AST