1 /*

     2  * Copyright (c) 1995, 2005, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

     3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

     4  *

     5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

     6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

     7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

     8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

     9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

    10  *

    11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

    12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

    13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

    14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

    15  * accompanied this code).

    16  *

    17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

    18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

    19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

    20  *

    21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

    22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

    23  * questions.

    24  */

    25 

    26 package sun.misc;

    27 

    28 import java.io.InputStream;

    29 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

    30 import java.io.OutputStream;

    31 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

    32 import java.io.PrintStream;

    33 import java.io.IOException;

    34 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

    35 

    36 

    37 /**

    38  * This class defines the encoding half of character encoders.

    39  * A character encoder is an algorithim for transforming 8 bit binary

    40  * data into text (generally 7 bit ASCII or 8 bit ISO-Latin-1 text)

    41  * for transmition over text channels such as e-mail and network news.

    42  *

    43  * The character encoders have been structured around a central theme

    44  * that, in general, the encoded text has the form:

    45  *

    46  * <pre>

    47  *      [Buffer Prefix]

    48  *      [Line Prefix][encoded data atoms][Line Suffix]

    49  *      [Buffer Suffix]

    50  * </pre>

    51  *

    52  * In the CharacterEncoder and CharacterDecoder classes, one complete

    53  * chunk of data is referred to as a <i>buffer</i>. Encoded buffers

    54  * are all text, and decoded buffers (sometimes just referred to as

    55  * buffers) are binary octets.

    56  *

    57  * To create a custom encoder, you must, at a minimum,  overide three

    58  * abstract methods in this class.

    59  * <DL>

    60  * <DD>bytesPerAtom which tells the encoder how many bytes to

    61  * send to encodeAtom

    62  * <DD>encodeAtom which encodes the bytes sent to it as text.

    63  * <DD>bytesPerLine which tells the encoder the maximum number of

    64  * bytes per line.

    65  * </DL>

    66  *

    67  * Several useful encoders have already been written and are

    68  * referenced in the See Also list below.

    69  *

    70  * @author      Chuck McManis

    71  * @see         CharacterDecoder;

    72  * @see         UCEncoder

    73  * @see         UUEncoder

    74  * @see         BASE64Encoder

    75  */

    76 public abstract class CharacterEncoder {

    77 

    78     /** Stream that understands "printing" */

    79     protected PrintStream pStream;

    80 

    81     /** Return the number of bytes per atom of encoding */

    82     abstract protected int bytesPerAtom();

    83 

    84     /** Return the number of bytes that can be encoded per line */

    85     abstract protected int bytesPerLine();

    86 

    87     /**

    88      * Encode the prefix for the entire buffer. By default is simply

    89      * opens the PrintStream for use by the other functions.

    90      */

    91     protected void encodeBufferPrefix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {

    92         pStream = new PrintStream(aStream);

    93     }

    94 

    95     /**

    96      * Encode the suffix for the entire buffer.

    97      */

    98     protected void encodeBufferSuffix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {

    99     }

   100 

   101     /**

   102      * Encode the prefix that starts every output line.

   103      */

   104     protected void encodeLinePrefix(OutputStream aStream, int aLength)

   105     throws IOException {

   106     }

   107 

   108     /**

   109      * Encode the suffix that ends every output line. By default

   110      * this method just prints a <newline> into the output stream.

   111      */

   112     protected void encodeLineSuffix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {

   113         pStream.println();

   114     }

   115 

   116     /** Encode one "atom" of information into characters. */

   117     abstract protected void encodeAtom(OutputStream aStream, byte someBytes[],

   118                 int anOffset, int aLength) throws IOException;

   119 

   120     /**

   121      * This method works around the bizarre semantics of BufferedInputStream's

   122      * read method.

   123      */

   124     protected int readFully(InputStream in, byte buffer[])

   125         throws java.io.IOException {

   126         for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {

   127             int q = in.read();

   128             if (q == -1)

   129                 return i;

   130             buffer[i] = (byte)q;

   131         }

   132         return buffer.length;

   133     }

   134 

   135     /**

   136      * Encode bytes from the input stream, and write them as text characters

   137      * to the output stream. This method will run until it exhausts the

   138      * input stream, but does not print the line suffix for a final

   139      * line that is shorter than bytesPerLine().

   140      */

   141     public void encode(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream)

   142         throws IOException {

   143         int     j;

   144         int     numBytes;

   145         byte    tmpbuffer[] = new byte[bytesPerLine()];

   146 

   147         encodeBufferPrefix(outStream);

   148 

   149         while (true) {

   150             numBytes = readFully(inStream, tmpbuffer);

   151             if (numBytes == 0) {

   152                 break;

   153             }

   154             encodeLinePrefix(outStream, numBytes);

   155             for (j = 0; j < numBytes; j += bytesPerAtom()) {

   156 

   157                 if ((j + bytesPerAtom()) <= numBytes) {

   158                     encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, bytesPerAtom());

   159                 } else {

   160                     encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, (numBytes)- j);

   161                 }

   162             }

   163             if (numBytes < bytesPerLine()) {

   164                 break;

   165             } else {

   166                 encodeLineSuffix(outStream);

   167             }

   168         }

   169         encodeBufferSuffix(outStream);

   170     }

   171 

   172     /**

   173      * Encode the buffer in <i>aBuffer</i> and write the encoded

   174      * result to the OutputStream <i>aStream</i>.

   175      */

   176     public void encode(byte aBuffer[], OutputStream aStream)

   177     throws IOException {

   178         ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);

   179         encode(inStream, aStream);

   180     }

   181 

   182     /**

   183      * A 'streamless' version of encode that simply takes a buffer of

   184      * bytes and returns a string containing the encoded buffer.

   185      */

   186     public String encode(byte aBuffer[]) {

   187         ByteArrayOutputStream   outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

   188         ByteArrayInputStream    inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);

   189         String retVal = null;

   190         try {

   191             encode(inStream, outStream);

   192             // explicit ascii->unicode conversion

   193             retVal = outStream.toString("ISO-8859-1");

   194         } catch (Exception IOException) {

   195             // This should never happen.

   196             throw new Error("CharacterEncoder.encode internal error");

   197         }

   198         return (retVal);

   199     }

   200 

   201     /**

   202      * Return a byte array from the remaining bytes in this ByteBuffer.

   203      * <P>

   204      * The ByteBuffer's position will be advanced to ByteBuffer's limit.

   205      * <P>

   206      * To avoid an extra copy, the implementation will attempt to return the

   207      * byte array backing the ByteBuffer.  If this is not possible, a

   208      * new byte array will be created.

   209      */

   210     private byte [] getBytes(ByteBuffer bb) {

   211         /*

   212          * This should never return a BufferOverflowException, as we're

   213          * careful to allocate just the right amount.

   214          */

   215         byte [] buf = null;

   216 

   217         /*

   218          * If it has a usable backing byte buffer, use it.  Use only

   219          * if the array exactly represents the current ByteBuffer.

   220          */

   221         if (bb.hasArray()) {

   222             byte [] tmp = bb.array();

   223             if ((tmp.length == bb.capacity()) &&

   224                     (tmp.length == bb.remaining())) {

   225                 buf = tmp;

   226                 bb.position(bb.limit());

   227             }

   228         }

   229 

   230         if (buf == null) {

   231             /*

   232              * This class doesn't have a concept of encode(buf, len, off),

   233              * so if we have a partial buffer, we must reallocate

   234              * space.

   235              */

   236             buf = new byte[bb.remaining()];

   237 

   238             /*

   239              * position() automatically updated

   240              */

   241             bb.get(buf);

   242         }

   243 

   244         return buf;

   245     }

   246 

   247     /**

   248      * Encode the <i>aBuffer</i> ByteBuffer and write the encoded

   249      * result to the OutputStream <i>aStream</i>.

   250      * <P>

   251      * The ByteBuffer's position will be advanced to ByteBuffer's limit.

   252      */

   253     public void encode(ByteBuffer aBuffer, OutputStream aStream)

   254         throws IOException {

   255         byte [] buf = getBytes(aBuffer);

   256         encode(buf, aStream);

   257     }

   258 

   259     /**

   260      * A 'streamless' version of encode that simply takes a ByteBuffer

   261      * and returns a string containing the encoded buffer.

   262      * <P>

   263      * The ByteBuffer's position will be advanced to ByteBuffer's limit.

   264      */

   265     public String encode(ByteBuffer aBuffer) {

   266         byte [] buf = getBytes(aBuffer);

   267         return encode(buf);

   268     }

   269 

   270     /**

   271      * Encode bytes from the input stream, and write them as text characters

   272      * to the output stream. This method will run until it exhausts the

   273      * input stream. It differs from encode in that it will add the

   274      * line at the end of a final line that is shorter than bytesPerLine().

   275      */

   276     public void encodeBuffer(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream)

   277         throws IOException {

   278         int     j;

   279         int     numBytes;

   280         byte    tmpbuffer[] = new byte[bytesPerLine()];

   281 

   282         encodeBufferPrefix(outStream);

   283 

   284         while (true) {

   285             numBytes = readFully(inStream, tmpbuffer);

   286             if (numBytes == 0) {

   287                 break;

   288             }

   289             encodeLinePrefix(outStream, numBytes);

   290             for (j = 0; j < numBytes; j += bytesPerAtom()) {

   291                 if ((j + bytesPerAtom()) <= numBytes) {

   292                     encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, bytesPerAtom());

   293                 } else {

   294                     encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, (numBytes)- j);

   295                 }

   296             }

   297             encodeLineSuffix(outStream);

   298             if (numBytes < bytesPerLine()) {

   299                 break;

   300             }

   301         }

   302         encodeBufferSuffix(outStream);

   303     }

   304 

   305     /**

   306      * Encode the buffer in <i>aBuffer</i> and write the encoded

   307      * result to the OutputStream <i>aStream</i>.

   308      */

   309     public void encodeBuffer(byte aBuffer[], OutputStream aStream)

   310     throws IOException {

   311         ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);

   312         encodeBuffer(inStream, aStream);

   313     }

   314 

   315     /**

   316      * A 'streamless' version of encode that simply takes a buffer of

   317      * bytes and returns a string containing the encoded buffer.

   318      */

   319     public String encodeBuffer(byte aBuffer[]) {

   320         ByteArrayOutputStream   outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

   321         ByteArrayInputStream    inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);

   322         try {

   323             encodeBuffer(inStream, outStream);

   324         } catch (Exception IOException) {

   325             // This should never happen.

   326             throw new Error("CharacterEncoder.encodeBuffer internal error");

   327         }

   328         return (outStream.toString());

   329     }

   330 

   331     /**

   332      * Encode the <i>aBuffer</i> ByteBuffer and write the encoded

   333      * result to the OutputStream <i>aStream</i>.

   334      * <P>

   335      * The ByteBuffer's position will be advanced to ByteBuffer's limit.

   336      */

   337     public void encodeBuffer(ByteBuffer aBuffer, OutputStream aStream)

   338         throws IOException {

   339         byte [] buf = getBytes(aBuffer);

   340         encodeBuffer(buf, aStream);

   341     }

   342 

   343     /**

   344      * A 'streamless' version of encode that simply takes a ByteBuffer

   345      * and returns a string containing the encoded buffer.

   346      * <P>

   347      * The ByteBuffer's position will be advanced to ByteBuffer's limit.

   348      */

   349     public String encodeBuffer(ByteBuffer aBuffer) {

   350         byte [] buf = getBytes(aBuffer);

   351         return encodeBuffer(buf);

   352     }

   353 

   354 }