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 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

package java.util.stream;

import java.util.Spliterator;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

/**

 * Abstract class for fork-join tasks used to implement short-circuiting

 * stream ops, which can produce a result without processing all elements of the

 * stream.

 *

 * @param <P_IN> type of input elements to the pipeline

 * @param <P_OUT> type of output elements from the pipeline

 * @param <R> type of intermediate result, may be different from operation

 *        result type

 * @param <K> type of child and sibling tasks

 * @since 1.8

 */

@SuppressWarnings("serial")

abstract class AbstractShortCircuitTask<P_IN, P_OUT, R,

                                        K extends AbstractShortCircuitTask<P_IN, P_OUT, R, K>>

        extends AbstractTask<P_IN, P_OUT, R, K> {

    /**

     * The result for this computation; this is shared among all tasks and set

     * exactly once

     */

    protected final AtomicReference<R> sharedResult;

    /**

     * Indicates whether this task has been canceled.  Tasks may cancel other

     * tasks in the computation under various conditions, such as in a

     * find-first operation, a task that finds a value will cancel all tasks

     * that are later in the encounter order.

     */

    protected volatile boolean canceled;

    /**

     * Constructor for root tasks.

     *

     * @param helper the {@code PipelineHelper} describing the stream pipeline

     *               up to this operation

     * @param spliterator the {@code Spliterator} describing the source for this

     *                    pipeline

     */

    protected AbstractShortCircuitTask(PipelineHelper<P_OUT> helper,

                                       Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator) {

        super(helper, spliterator);

        sharedResult = new AtomicReference<>(null);

    }

    /**

     * Constructor for non-root nodes.

     *

     * @param parent parent task in the computation tree

     * @param spliterator the {@code Spliterator} for the portion of the

     *                    computation tree described by this task

     */

    protected AbstractShortCircuitTask(K parent,

                                       Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator) {

        super(parent, spliterator);

        sharedResult = parent.sharedResult;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the value indicating the computation completed with no task

     * finding a short-circuitable result.  For example, for a "find" operation,

     * this might be null or an empty {@code Optional}.

     *

     * @return the result to return when no task finds a result

     */

    protected abstract R getEmptyResult();

    /**

     * Overrides AbstractTask version to include checks for early

     * exits while splitting or computing.

     */

    @Override

    public void compute() {

        Spliterator<P_IN> rs = spliterator, ls;

        long sizeEstimate = rs.estimateSize();

        long sizeThreshold = getTargetSize(sizeEstimate);

        boolean forkRight = false;

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K task = (K) this;

        AtomicReference<R> sr = sharedResult;

        R result;

        while ((result = sr.get()) == null) {

            if (task.taskCanceled()) {

                result = task.getEmptyResult();

                break;

            }

            if (sizeEstimate <= sizeThreshold || (ls = rs.trySplit()) == null) {

                result = task.doLeaf();

                break;

            }

            K leftChild, rightChild, taskToFork;

            task.leftChild  = leftChild = task.makeChild(ls);

            task.rightChild = rightChild = task.makeChild(rs);

            task.setPendingCount(1);

            if (forkRight) {

                forkRight = false;

                rs = ls;

                task = leftChild;

                taskToFork = rightChild;

            }

            else {

                forkRight = true;

                task = rightChild;

                taskToFork = leftChild;

            }

            taskToFork.fork();

            sizeEstimate = rs.estimateSize();

        }

        task.setLocalResult(result);

        task.tryComplete();

    }

    /**

     * Declares that a globally valid result has been found.  If another task has

     * not already found the answer, the result is installed in

     * {@code sharedResult}.  The {@code compute()} method will check

     * {@code sharedResult} before proceeding with computation, so this causes

     * the computation to terminate early.

     *

     * @param result the result found

     */

    protected void shortCircuit(R result) {

        if (result != null)

            sharedResult.compareAndSet(null, result);

    }

    /**

     * Sets a local result for this task.  If this task is the root, set the

     * shared result instead (if not already set).

     *

     * @param localResult The result to set for this task

     */

    @Override

    protected void setLocalResult(R localResult) {

        if (isRoot()) {

            if (localResult != null)

                sharedResult.compareAndSet(null, localResult);

        }

        else

            super.setLocalResult(localResult);

    }

    /**

     * Retrieves the local result for this task

     */

    @Override

    public R getRawResult() {

        return getLocalResult();

    }

    /**

     * Retrieves the local result for this task.  If this task is the root,

     * retrieves the shared result instead.

     */

    @Override

    public R getLocalResult() {

        if (isRoot()) {

            R answer = sharedResult.get();

            return (answer == null) ? getEmptyResult() : answer;

        }

        else

            return super.getLocalResult();

    }

    /**

     * Mark this task as canceled

     */

    protected void cancel() {

        canceled = true;

    }

    /**

     * Queries whether this task is canceled.  A task is considered canceled if

     * it or any of its parents have been canceled.

     *

     * @return {@code true} if this task or any parent is canceled.

     */

    protected boolean taskCanceled() {

        boolean cancel = canceled;

        if (!cancel) {

            for (K parent = getParent(); !cancel && parent != null; parent = parent.getParent())

                cancel = parent.canceled;

        }

        return cancel;

    }

    /**

     * Cancels all tasks which succeed this one in the encounter order.  This

     * includes canceling all the current task's right sibling, as well as the

     * later right siblings of all its parents.

     */

    protected void cancelLaterNodes() {

        // Go up the tree, cancel right siblings of this node and all parents

        for (@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K parent = getParent(), node = (K) this;

             parent != null;

             node = parent, parent = parent.getParent()) {

            // If node is a left child of parent, then has a right sibling

            if (parent.leftChild == node) {

                K rightSibling = parent.rightChild;

                if (!rightSibling.canceled)

                    rightSibling.cancel();

            }

        }

    }

}