/*

 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 *

 */

#ifndef SHARE_VM_RUNTIME_ADVANCEDTHRESHOLDPOLICY_HPP

#define SHARE_VM_RUNTIME_ADVANCEDTHRESHOLDPOLICY_HPP

#include "runtime/simpleThresholdPolicy.hpp"

#ifdef TIERED

class CompileTask;

class CompileQueue;

/*

 *  The system supports 5 execution levels:

 *  * level 0 - interpreter

 *  * level 1 - C1 with full optimization (no profiling)

 *  * level 2 - C1 with invocation and backedge counters

 *  * level 3 - C1 with full profiling (level 2 + MDO)

 *  * level 4 - C2

 *

 * Levels 0, 2 and 3 periodically notify the runtime about the current value of the counters

 * (invocation counters and backedge counters). The frequency of these notifications is

 * different at each level. These notifications are used by the policy to decide what transition

 * to make.

 *

 * Execution starts at level 0 (interpreter), then the policy can decide either to compile the

 * method at level 3 or level 2. The decision is based on the following factors:

 *    1. The length of the C2 queue determines the next level. The observation is that level 2

 * is generally faster than level 3 by about 30%, therefore we would want to minimize the time

 * a method spends at level 3. We should only spend the time at level 3 that is necessary to get

 * adequate profiling. So, if the C2 queue is long enough it is more beneficial to go first to

 * level 2, because if we transitioned to level 3 we would be stuck there until our C2 compile

 * request makes its way through the long queue. When the load on C2 recedes we are going to

 * recompile at level 3 and start gathering profiling information.

 *    2. The length of C1 queue is used to dynamically adjust the thresholds, so as to introduce

 * additional filtering if the compiler is overloaded. The rationale is that by the time a

 * method gets compiled it can become unused, so it doesn't make sense to put too much onto the

 * queue.

 *

 * After profiling is completed at level 3 the transition is made to level 4. Again, the length

 * of the C2 queue is used as a feedback to adjust the thresholds.

 *

 * After the first C1 compile some basic information is determined about the code like the number

 * of the blocks and the number of the loops. Based on that it can be decided that a method

 * is trivial and compiling it with C1 will yield the same code. In this case the method is

 * compiled at level 1 instead of 4.

 *

 * We also support profiling at level 0. If C1 is slow enough to produce the level 3 version of

 * the code and the C2 queue is sufficiently small we can decide to start profiling in the

 * interpreter (and continue profiling in the compiled code once the level 3 version arrives).

 * If the profiling at level 0 is fully completed before level 3 version is produced, a level 2

 * version is compiled instead in order to run faster waiting for a level 4 version.

 *

 * Compile queues are implemented as priority queues - for each method in the queue we compute

 * the event rate (the number of invocation and backedge counter increments per unit of time).

 * When getting an element off the queue we pick the one with the largest rate. Maintaining the

 * rate also allows us to remove stale methods (the ones that got on the queue but stopped

 * being used shortly after that).

*/

/* Command line options:

 * - Tier?InvokeNotifyFreqLog and Tier?BackedgeNotifyFreqLog control the frequency of method

 *   invocation and backedge notifications. Basically every n-th invocation or backedge a mutator thread

 *   makes a call into the runtime.

 *

 * - Tier?CompileThreshold, Tier?BackEdgeThreshold, Tier?MinInvocationThreshold control

 *   compilation thresholds.

 *   Level 2 thresholds are not used and are provided for option-compatibility and potential future use.

 *   Other thresholds work as follows:

 *

 *   Transition from interpreter (level 0) to C1 with full profiling (level 3) happens when

 *   the following predicate is true (X is the level):

 *

 *   i > TierXInvocationThreshold * s || (i > TierXMinInvocationThreshold * s  && i + b > TierXCompileThreshold * s),

 *

 *   where $i$ is the number of method invocations, $b$ number of backedges and $s$ is the scaling

 *   coefficient that will be discussed further.

 *   The intuition is to equalize the time that is spend profiling each method.

 *   The same predicate is used to control the transition from level 3 to level 4 (C2). It should be

 *   noted though that the thresholds are relative. Moreover i and b for the 0->3 transition come

 *   from Method* and for 3->4 transition they come from MDO (since profiled invocations are

 *   counted separately).

 *

 *   OSR transitions are controlled simply with b > TierXBackEdgeThreshold * s predicates.

 *

 * - Tier?LoadFeedback options are used to automatically scale the predicates described above depending

 *   on the compiler load. The scaling coefficients are computed as follows:

 *

 *   s = queue_size_X / (TierXLoadFeedback * compiler_count_X) + 1,

 *

 *   where queue_size_X is the current size of the compiler queue of level X, and compiler_count_X

 *   is the number of level X compiler threads.

 *

 *   Basically these parameters describe how many methods should be in the compile queue

 *   per compiler thread before the scaling coefficient increases by one.

 *

 *   This feedback provides the mechanism to automatically control the flow of compilation requests

 *   depending on the machine speed, mutator load and other external factors.

 *

 * - Tier3DelayOn and Tier3DelayOff parameters control another important feedback loop.

 *   Consider the following observation: a method compiled with full profiling (level 3)

 *   is about 30% slower than a method at level 2 (just invocation and backedge counters, no MDO).

 *   Normally, the following transitions will occur: 0->3->4. The problem arises when the C2 queue

 *   gets congested and the 3->4 transition is delayed. While the method is the C2 queue it continues

 *   executing at level 3 for much longer time than is required by the predicate and at suboptimal speed.

 *   The idea is to dynamically change the behavior of the system in such a way that if a substantial

 *   load on C2 is detected we would first do the 0->2 transition allowing a method to run faster.

 *   And then when the load decreases to allow 2->3 transitions.

 *

 *   Tier3Delay* parameters control this switching mechanism.

 *   Tier3DelayOn is the number of methods in the C2 queue per compiler thread after which the policy

 *   no longer does 0->3 transitions but does 0->2 transitions instead.

 *   Tier3DelayOff switches the original behavior back when the number of methods in the C2 queue

 *   per compiler thread falls below the specified amount.

 *   The hysteresis is necessary to avoid jitter.

 *

 * - TieredCompileTaskTimeout is the amount of time an idle method can spend in the compile queue.

 *   Basically, since we use the event rate d(i + b)/dt as a value of priority when selecting a method to

 *   compile from the compile queue, we also can detect stale methods for which the rate has been

 *   0 for some time in the same iteration. Stale methods can appear in the queue when an application

 *   abruptly changes its behavior.

 *

 * - TieredStopAtLevel, is used mostly for testing. It allows to bypass the policy logic and stick

 *   to a given level. For example it's useful to set TieredStopAtLevel = 1 in order to compile everything

 *   with pure c1.

 *

 * - Tier0ProfilingStartPercentage allows the interpreter to start profiling when the inequalities in the

 *   0->3 predicate are already exceeded by the given percentage but the level 3 version of the

 *   method is still not ready. We can even go directly from level 0 to 4 if c1 doesn't produce a compiled

 *   version in time. This reduces the overall transition to level 4 and decreases the startup time.

 *   Note that this behavior is also guarded by the Tier3Delay mechanism: when the c2 queue is too long

 *   these is not reason to start profiling prematurely.

 *

 * - TieredRateUpdateMinTime and TieredRateUpdateMaxTime are parameters of the rate computation.

 *   Basically, the rate is not computed more frequently than TieredRateUpdateMinTime and is considered

 *   to be zero if no events occurred in TieredRateUpdateMaxTime.

 */

class AdvancedThresholdPolicy : public SimpleThresholdPolicy {

  jlong _start_time;

  // Call and loop predicates determine whether a transition to a higher compilation

  // level should be performed (pointers to predicate functions are passed to common().

  // Predicates also take compiler load into account.

  typedef bool (AdvancedThresholdPolicy::*Predicate)(int i, int b, CompLevel cur_level);

  bool call_predicate(int i, int b, CompLevel cur_level);

  bool loop_predicate(int i, int b, CompLevel cur_level);

  // Common transition function. Given a predicate determines if a method should transition to another level.

  CompLevel common(Predicate p, Method* method, CompLevel cur_level, bool disable_feedback = false);

  // Transition functions.

  // call_event determines if a method should be compiled at a different

  // level with a regular invocation entry.

  CompLevel call_event(Method* method, CompLevel cur_level);

  // loop_event checks if a method should be OSR compiled at a different

  // level.

  CompLevel loop_event(Method* method, CompLevel cur_level);

  // Has a method been long around?

  // We don't remove old methods from the compile queue even if they have

  // very low activity (see select_task()).

  inline bool is_old(Method* method);

  // Was a given method inactive for a given number of milliseconds.

  // If it is, we would remove it from the queue (see select_task()).

  inline bool is_stale(jlong t, jlong timeout, Method* m);

  // Compute the weight of the method for the compilation scheduling

  inline double weight(Method* method);

  // Apply heuristics and return true if x should be compiled before y

  inline bool compare_methods(Method* x, Method* y);

  // Compute event rate for a given method. The rate is the number of event (invocations + backedges)

  // per millisecond.

  inline void update_rate(jlong t, Method* m);

  // Compute threshold scaling coefficient

  inline double threshold_scale(CompLevel level, int feedback_k);

  // If a method is old enough and is still in the interpreter we would want to

  // start profiling without waiting for the compiled method to arrive. This function

  // determines whether we should do that.

  inline bool should_create_mdo(Method* method, CompLevel cur_level);

  // Create MDO if necessary.

  void create_mdo(methodHandle mh, JavaThread* thread);

  // Is method profiled enough?

  bool is_method_profiled(Method* method);

  double _increase_threshold_at_ratio;

protected:

  void print_specific(EventType type, methodHandle mh, methodHandle imh, int bci, CompLevel level);

  void set_increase_threshold_at_ratio() { _increase_threshold_at_ratio = 100 / (100 - (double)IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt); }

  void set_start_time(jlong t) { _start_time = t;    }

  jlong start_time() const     { return _start_time; }

  // Submit a given method for compilation (and update the rate).

  virtual void submit_compile(methodHandle mh, int bci, CompLevel level, JavaThread* thread);

  // event() from SimpleThresholdPolicy would call these.

  virtual void method_invocation_event(methodHandle method, methodHandle inlinee,

                                       CompLevel level, nmethod* nm, JavaThread* thread);

  virtual void method_back_branch_event(methodHandle method, methodHandle inlinee,

                                        int bci, CompLevel level, nmethod* nm, JavaThread* thread);

public:

  AdvancedThresholdPolicy() : _start_time(0) { }

  // Select task is called by CompileBroker. We should return a task or NULL.

  virtual CompileTask* select_task(CompileQueue* compile_queue);

  virtual void initialize();

  virtual bool should_not_inline(ciEnv* env, ciMethod* callee);

};

#endif // TIERED

#endif // SHARE_VM_RUNTIME_ADVANCEDTHRESHOLDPOLICY_HPP