jdk/src/linux/doc/man/ja/jdb.1
author duke
Sat, 01 Dec 2007 00:00:00 +0000
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'\" t
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.\"
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.\" Copyright 2000-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
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.\" DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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.\"
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.\" This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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.\" under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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.\" ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
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.\" version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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.\" accompanied this code).
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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.\" 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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.\" Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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.\"
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.\" Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
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.\" CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
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.\" have any questions.
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.\" 
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.\" 
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.\" 
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.\"  This document was created by saving an HTML file as text
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.\"  from the JavaSoft web site:
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.\" 
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.\" http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/docs/tooldocs/tools.html
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.\" 
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.\"  and adding appropriate troff macros.  Because the JavaSoft web site 
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.\"  man pages can change without notice, it may be helpful to diff
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.\"  files to identify changes other than new functionality. 
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.\" 
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.TH jdb 1 "2006 年 9 月 4 日" "Java SE 6" "ユーザーコマンド"
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.SH "名前"
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jdb \- Java デバッガ
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.LP
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.LP
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.LP
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\f3jdb\fP は、Java 言語プログラムのバグを見つけて修正するために使用するツールです。
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.LP
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.SH "形式"
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.B jdb 
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[ 
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.I options
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] [
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.I class
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] [
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.I  arguments
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]
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.LP
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.TP 15
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.I options
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以下に指定するコマンド行オプション
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.TP
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.I class
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デバッグを開始するクラス名
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.TP
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.I arguments
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クラスの
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.B main(\|)
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メソッドに渡される引数
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.SH "機能説明"
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.IX "Java debugger" "" "Java debugger \(em \fLjdb\fP"
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.IX "jdb" "" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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Java デバッガの
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.BR jdb
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は、
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Java
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クラス用の単純なコマンド行デバッガです。
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.na
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「\f2Java Platform Debugger Architecture\fP」
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.fi
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 (http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/index.html) 
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を画面に表示しながら実行し、ローカルまたはリモートの Java 仮想マシン
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の検査とデバッグを行うことができます。
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.SS "jdb セッションの開始"
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.IX "jdb" "Starting a jdb Session" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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jdb セッションを開始するにはさまざまな方法があります。 もっとも頻繁に使
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われるのは、アプリケーションのメインクラスをデバッグして、
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.B jdb
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から新しく Java 仮想マシン (VM) を起動する方法です。 コマンド行で、
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.BR java (1)
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の代わりに
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.B jdb
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コマンドを入力します。たとえば、アプリケーションのメインクラスが
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.BR MyClass
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の場合は、次のコマンドを使用して jdb 環境でデバッグします。
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.LP
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.RS
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.B % jdb MyClass
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.RE
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.LP
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このようにして起動すると、
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.B jdb
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は 2 つ目の Java VM を呼び出し、指定されたパラメータを渡し、
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指定されたクラスをロードします。そのあと、
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クラスの最初の命令を実行する前に VM を停止させます。
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.LP
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.B jdb
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のもう 1 つの使用方法は、すでに起動している Java VM に
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.B jdb
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を接続することです。
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jdb が接続する VM を、その実行中に起動するための構文を次に示します。 これは、インプロセスデバッグ用ライブラリをロードし、接続の種類を指定します。
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.LP
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.nf
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\f3
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.fl
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\-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n
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.fl
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\fP
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.fi
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.LP
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.LP
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たとえば、次のコマンドは
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.B MyClass
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アプリケーションを実行し、後で
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.B jdb 
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を接続できるようにします。
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.LP
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.nf
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\f3
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.fl
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 % java \-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n MyClass
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.fl
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\fP
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.fi
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.LP
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.LP
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次のコマンドで
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.B jdb 
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を VM に接続できます。
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.LP
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.RS
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.B % jdb \-attach 8000
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.RE
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.LP
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このとき、
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.B jdb
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は新しい VM を起動するのではなく、既存の VM に接続するので、
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.B jdb 
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コマンド行で
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.B MyClass
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を指定しないことに注意してください。
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.LP
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これ以外にもデバッガ (jdb) を VM に接続する方法はたくさんあり、
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.BR jdb
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はそのすべての方法をサポートしています。
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このような接続オプションについては、
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.fi
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http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/conninv.html
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で Java Platform Debugger Architecture のマニュアルを参照してください。
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\f3jdb\fP で使用するために J2SE 1.4.2 以前の VM を起動する方法については、
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.fi
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http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/conninv.html
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の 1.4.2 のドキュメントを参照してください。
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.SS " jdb 基本コマンド"
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.IX "jdb" "Basic jdb Commands" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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以下に
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.B jdb
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基本コマンドの一覧を示します。
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Java
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デバッガで使用可能なその他のコマンドは、
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.B help
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コマンドで表示できます。
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.TP 15
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.B help または ?
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.BR jdb
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のコマンドの中でもっとも重要なのが、この
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.B help
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コマンドです。利用可能なコマンドの一覧を、
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各コマンドの簡単な説明つきで表示します。
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.TP 15
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.B run
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.BR jdb
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を起動して必要なブレークポイントを設定したあとに、このコマンドを使用して、
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デバッグするアプリケーションの実行を開始します。このコマンドは、
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デバッグするアプリケーションを
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.B jdb
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から起動するときにだけ使用できます。 
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既存の VM に接続する場合とは異なります。
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.TP
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.B cont
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ブレークポイント、例外、またはステップ実行のあとで、デバッグ中の
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アプリケーションの実行を継続します。
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.TP 15
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.B print
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Java オブジェクトおよびプリミティブ値を表示します。 プリミティブ型の変数
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またはフィールドの場合には、実際の値を出力します。 オブジェクトの場合
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には、短い説明を出力します。 オブジェクトについては、以降の
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.B dump
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コマンドの説明を参照してください。 
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.sp 1n
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.LP
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注: 局所
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(スタック)
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変数をブラウズするには、そのクラスが
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.B javac \-g
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オプションでコンパイルされている必要があります。
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.sp 1n
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.LP
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.B print
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は、メソッドの呼び出しを含む多数の簡単な Java 式をサポートします。
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次に例を示します。 
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.RS
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.TP 3
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\(bu
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.B print MyClass.myStaticField 
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.PD 0
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.TP
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\(bu
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.B print myObj.myInstanceField 
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.TP
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\(bu
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\f3print\f1 \f2i\f1 \f3+\f1 \f2j\f1 \f3+\f1 \f2k\f1 (
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.IR i、
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.IR j 、
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および 
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.I k
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はプリミティブであり、フィールドまたは局所変数のいずれか) 
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.TP
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\(bu
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\f3print myObj.myMethod(\|)\f1 (
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.B myMethod
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が null 以外を返す場合) 
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.TP
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\(bu
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.B print new java.lang.String("Hello").length(\|)
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.RE
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.PD
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.TP
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.B dump
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プリミティブ値の場合には、このコマンドは
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.BR print
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と同じです。オブジェクトの場合には、オブジェクト内に定義されている
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各フィールドの現在の値を出力します。 static フィールドと instance
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フィールドを出力します。 
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.sp 1n
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.LP
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.B dump
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コマンドは、
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.B print
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コマンドと同じ式をサポートします。 
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.TP
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.B threads
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現在実行中のスレッドを一覧表示します。スレッドごとに、名前と現在の状態、
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およびほかのコマンドに使用できるインデックスを出力します。次に例を
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示します。 
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.sp 1n
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.RS 20
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.LP
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.B 4. (java.lang.Thread)0x1 main      running
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.RE
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.RS 
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.sp 1n
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.LP
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この例では、スレッドインデックスは
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.BR 4
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であり、スレッドは
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.BR java.lang.Thread 
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のインスタンスです。スレッドの名前は「
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.BR main
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」であり、現在実行中です。 
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.RE
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.TP 15
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.B thread
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現在のスレッドを選択します。 多くの
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.B jdb
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コマンドは、現在のスレッドの設定に基づいて実行されます。 スレッドは、
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.B threads 
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コマンドで説明するスレッドインデックスとともに指定します。 
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.TP 15
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.B where
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引数のない
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.B where
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コマンドは、現在のスレッド
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(
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.B thread
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コマンドで設定)
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のスタックをダンプします。
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.B where all
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と指定すると、現在のスレッドグループにある全スレッドの
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スタックをダンプします。
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.BI where " threadindex"
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と指定すると、
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.I threadindex
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が示すスレッドのスタックだけをダンプします。
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.sp 1n
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.LP
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現在のスレッドが (ブレークポイントなどのイベントや
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.B suspend
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コマンドで) 中断している場合、
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.B print 
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コマンドや
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.B dump
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コマンドを使用すれば、局所変数やフィールドを表示できます。
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   301
どのスタックフレームを現在のフレームにするかは、
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.B up
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および
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.B down
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コマンドで選択できます。
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.SS "ブレークポイント用コマンド"
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.IX "jdb" "Breakpoints" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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.B jdb
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では、ブレークポイントを行番号で、
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またはメソッドの最初の命令で
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設定できます。次に例を示します。
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.TP 25
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.B stop at MyClass:22
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.BR MyClass
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が含まれるソースファイルの
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.B 22
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行目の最初の命令にブレークポイントを設定する
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.TP
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.B stop in java.lang.String.length
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.BR java.lang.String.length
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メソッドの最初にブレークポイントを設定する
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   322
.TP
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   323
.BI "stop in MyClass." init
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.I init
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   325
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.B MyClass
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   327
コンストラクタを識別する
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   328
.TP
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   329
.BI "stop in MyClass." clinit
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   330
.I clinit
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   331
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.BR MyClass
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   333
の静的な初期化コードを識別する 
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   334
.LP
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メソッドがオーバーロードされる場合には、メソッドの引数の型も指定して、
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ブレークポイントに対して適切なメソッドが選択されるようにしなければなりませ
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ん。 たとえば、次のように指定します。
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.LP
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.RS 15
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.B MyClass.myMethod(int,java.lang.String)
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.RE
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.LP
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または
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.LP
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   345
.RS 15
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   346
.B MyClass.myMethod() 
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.RE
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   348
.LP
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   349
.B clear
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   350
コマンドは、「
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   351
.BR clear MyClass:45
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   352
」のような構文を使用してブレークポイントを削除します。
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   353
引数を指定しないで
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   354
.B clear
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   355
コマンドを使用すると、現在設定されてい
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   356
るすべてのブレークポイントが表示されます。
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   357
.B cont
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   358
コマンドで実行が継続します。 
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   359
.SS "コマンドのステップ実行"
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parents:
diff changeset
   360
.IX "jdb" "Stepping" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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diff changeset
   361
.B step
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   362
コマンドは、現在のスタックフレームまたは呼び出されたメソッド内で、
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   363
次の行を実行します。 
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diff changeset
   364
.B next
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parents:
diff changeset
   365
コマンドは、現在のスタックフレームの次の行を
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   366
実行します。 
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   367
.SS "例外処理用コマンド"
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parents:
diff changeset
   368
.IX "jdb" "Exceptions" "\fLjdb\fP \(em Java debugger"
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   369
スローしているスレッドの呼び出しスタック上のどこにも catch 文がないような
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例外が発生すると、VM は通常、例外トレースを出力して終了します。 ただし、
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   371
.BR jdb 
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diff changeset
   372
環境で実行している場合は、このような例外が発生すると
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   373
.B jdb
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   374
に制御が戻ります。 次に、
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   375
.BR jdb 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
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   376
を使用して例外の原因を診断します。 
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diff changeset
   377
.TP 15
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diff changeset
   378
.B catch
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diff changeset
   379
デバッグ中のアプリケーションは他の例外がスローされたところで停止します。
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parents:
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   380
次に例を示します。
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parents:
diff changeset
   381
.LP
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diff changeset
   382
.RS 20
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   383
.B catch java.io.FileNotFoundException
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diff changeset
   384
.RE
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parents:
diff changeset
   385
.sp 1n
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parents:
diff changeset
   386
.RS 15
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parents:
diff changeset
   387
または
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parents:
diff changeset
   388
.RE
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parents:
diff changeset
   389
.LP
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parents:
diff changeset
   390
.RS 20
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parents:
diff changeset
   391
.B catch mypackage.BigTroubleException
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diff changeset
   392
.RE
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parents:
diff changeset
   393
.sp 1n
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parents:
diff changeset
   394
.RS 15
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parents:
diff changeset
   395
例外が指定したクラス (または、サブクラス) のインスタンスである場合、
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parents:
diff changeset
   396
アプリケーションはスローされたところで停止します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
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parents:
diff changeset
   397
.RE
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   398
.TP 15
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parents:
diff changeset
   399
.B ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
   400
以前の
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   401
.B catch
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parents:
diff changeset
   402
コマンドの効果を無効にします。なお、この指定によって例外を無視するのは
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duke
parents:
diff changeset
   403
デバッガだけであり、デバッグされた VM は無視しません。
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duke
parents:
diff changeset
   404
.SH "コマンド行オプション"
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   405
コマンド行で Java アプリケーション起動ツールの代わりに
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
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parents:
diff changeset
   406
.B jdb
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diff changeset
   407
を使用する場合、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
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parents:
diff changeset
   408
.B jdb
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   409
は、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   410
.BR \-D、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   411
.BR \-classpath、
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duke
parents:
diff changeset
   412
.BI \-X option\f1
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   413
など、
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duke
parents:
diff changeset
   414
.BR java (1)
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duke
parents:
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   415
コマンドと同じオプションを多数使用できます。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   416
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   417
.B jdb 
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duke
parents:
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   418
は、そのほかに次のオプションも使用できます。 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   419
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   420
.BI \-help 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   421
ヘルプメッセージを表示します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   422
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   423
.BI \-sourcepath " dir1\f1:\f2dir2\f1:..."
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   424
指定されたパスで、ソースファイルを検索します。 このオプションが
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duke
parents:
diff changeset
   425
指定されていない場合は、デフォルトパスの「.」を検索します。 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   426
.TP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   427
.BI \-attach " address"
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   428
デフォルトの接続機構を使用して、すでに実行中の VM にデバッガを接続
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   429
します。 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   430
.TP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   431
.BI \-listen " address"
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   432
実行中の VM が標準のコネクタを使って指定されたアドレスに接続するのを待機します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   433
.TP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   434
.BI \-listenany
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   435
実行中の VM が標準のコネクタを使って利用可能な任意のアドレスに接続するのを待機します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   436
.TP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   437
.B \-launch
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   438
デバッグするアプリケーションを
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   439
.BR jdb
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   440
の起動後ただちに起動します。 このオプションを使用すると、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   441
.B run
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   442
コマンドを使用する必要はありません。 デバッグするアプリケーションは、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   443
起動後、最初のアプリケーションクラスがロードされる直前に停止します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
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   444
その時点で、必要なブレークポイントを設定できます。
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duke
parents:
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   445
実行を継続するには
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   446
.B cont
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   447
コマンドを使用します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   448
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   449
\-listconnectors 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   450
この VM で利用できるコネクタを一覧表示します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   451
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   452
\-connect
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   453
<connector\-name>:<name1>=<value1>,... 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   454
一覧表示された引数の値と指定のコネクタを使ってターゲット VM に接続します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   455
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   456
\-dbgtrace [flags] 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   457
jdb のデバッグ情報を出力します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   458
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   459
\-tclient 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   460
Java HotSpot(tm) VM (クライアント) 内でアプリケーションを実行します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   461
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   462
\-tserver 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   463
Java HotSpot(tm) VM (サーバ) 内でアプリケーションを実行します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   464
.TP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   465
.BI \-J "option"
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   466
jdb の実行に使用される Java 仮想マシンに \f2option\fP を渡します。(アプリケーション Java 仮想マシンに対するオプションは、\f3run\fP コマンドに渡される。)
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   467
たとえば、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   468
.I \-J-Xms48m
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   469
は、起動時に使用するメモリを 48M バイトに設定します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   470
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   471
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   472
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   473
これ以外にも、デバッガをデバッグされる VM に接続するための代替機構
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   474
用のオプションがサポートされています。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   475
このような接続の代替機構については、
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   476
.fi
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   477
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/conninv.html
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   478
の Java Platform Debugger Architecture のマニュアルを参照してください。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   479
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   480
.SS 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   481
デバッグ対象のプロセスに転送されるオプション
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   482
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   483
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   484
\-v \-verbose[:class|gc|jni] 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   485
冗長モードにします。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   486
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   487
\-D<name>=<value> 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   488
システムプロパティを設定します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   489
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   490
\-classpath <directories separated by
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   491
":"> 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   492
クラスを検索するディレクトリを一覧表示します。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   493
.TP 3
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   494
\-X<option> 
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   495
非標準ターゲット VM オプションです。
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   496
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   497
.SH "関連項目"
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   498
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   499
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   500
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   501
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   502
javac、java、javah、javap、javadoc
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   503
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   504
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   505
.LP
90ce3da70b43 Initial load
duke
parents:
diff changeset
   506