/*

 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 */

package java.net;

import java.io.Closeable;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FilePermission;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.security.AccessControlContext;

import java.security.AccessController;

import java.security.CodeSigner;

import java.security.CodeSource;

import java.security.Permission;

import java.security.PermissionCollection;

import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;

import java.security.SecureClassLoader;

import java.util.Enumeration;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import java.util.Objects;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.WeakHashMap;

import java.util.jar.Attributes;

import java.util.jar.Attributes.Name;

import java.util.jar.JarFile;

import java.util.jar.Manifest;

import jdk.internal.loader.Resource;

import jdk.internal.loader.URLClassPath;

import jdk.internal.access.JavaNetURLClassLoaderAccess;

import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;

import jdk.internal.perf.PerfCounter;

import sun.net.www.ParseUtil;

import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;

/**

 * This class loader is used to load classes and resources from a search

 * path of URLs referring to both JAR files and directories. Any {@code jar:}

 * scheme URL (see {@link java.net.JarURLConnection}) is assumed to refer to a

 * JAR file.  Any {@code file:} scheme URL that ends with a '/' is assumed to

 * refer to a directory. Otherwise, the URL is assumed to refer to a JAR file

 * which will be opened as needed.

 * <p>

 * This class loader supports the loading of classes and resources from the

 * contents of a <a href="../util/jar/JarFile.html#multirelease">multi-release</a>

 * JAR file that is referred to by a given URL.

 * <p>

 * The AccessControlContext of the thread that created the instance of

 * URLClassLoader will be used when subsequently loading classes and

 * resources.

 * <p>

 * The classes that are loaded are by default granted permission only to

 * access the URLs specified when the URLClassLoader was created.

 *

 * @author  David Connelly

 * @since   1.2

 */

public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader implements Closeable {

    /* The search path for classes and resources */

    private final URLClassPath ucp;

    /* The context to be used when loading classes and resources */

    private final AccessControlContext acc;

    /**

     * Constructs a new URLClassLoader for the given URLs. The URLs will be

     * searched in the order specified for classes and resources after first

     * searching in the specified parent class loader.  Any {@code jar:}

     * scheme URL is assumed to refer to a JAR file.  Any {@code file:} scheme

     * URL that ends with a '/' is assumed to refer to a directory.  Otherwise,

     * the URL is assumed to refer to a JAR file which will be downloaded and

     * opened as needed.

     *

     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first

     * calls the security manager's {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method

     * to ensure creation of a class loader is allowed.

     *

     * @param urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources

     * @param parent the parent class loader for delegation

     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its

     *             {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method doesn't allow

     *             creation of a class loader.

     * @exception  NullPointerException if {@code urls} or any of its

     *             elements is {@code null}.

     * @see SecurityManager#checkCreateClassLoader

     */

    public URLClassLoader(URL[] urls, ClassLoader parent) {

        super(parent);

        this.acc = AccessController.getContext();

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, acc);

    }

    URLClassLoader(String name, URL[] urls, ClassLoader parent,

                   AccessControlContext acc) {

        super(name, parent);

        this.acc = acc;

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, acc);

    }

    /**

     * Constructs a new URLClassLoader for the specified URLs using the

     * default delegation parent {@code ClassLoader}. The URLs will

     * be searched in the order specified for classes and resources after

     * first searching in the parent class loader. Any URL that ends with

     * a '/' is assumed to refer to a directory. Otherwise, the URL is

     * assumed to refer to a JAR file which will be downloaded and opened

     * as needed.

     *

     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first

     * calls the security manager's {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method

     * to ensure creation of a class loader is allowed.

     *

     * @param urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources

     *

     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its

     *             {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method doesn't allow

     *             creation of a class loader.

     * @exception  NullPointerException if {@code urls} or any of its

     *             elements is {@code null}.

     * @see SecurityManager#checkCreateClassLoader

     */

    public URLClassLoader(URL[] urls) {

        super();

        this.acc = AccessController.getContext();

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, acc);

    }

    URLClassLoader(URL[] urls, AccessControlContext acc) {

        super();

        this.acc = acc;

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, acc);

    }

    /**

     * Constructs a new URLClassLoader for the specified URLs, parent

     * class loader, and URLStreamHandlerFactory. The parent argument

     * will be used as the parent class loader for delegation. The

     * factory argument will be used as the stream handler factory to

     * obtain protocol handlers when creating new jar URLs.

     *

     * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first

     * calls the security manager's {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method

     * to ensure creation of a class loader is allowed.

     *

     * @param urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources

     * @param parent the parent class loader for delegation

     * @param factory the URLStreamHandlerFactory to use when creating URLs

     *

     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its

     *             {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method doesn't allow

     *             creation of a class loader.

     * @exception  NullPointerException if {@code urls} or any of its

     *             elements is {@code null}.

     * @see SecurityManager#checkCreateClassLoader

     */

    public URLClassLoader(URL[] urls, ClassLoader parent,

                          URLStreamHandlerFactory factory) {

        super(parent);

        this.acc = AccessController.getContext();

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, factory, acc);

    }

    /**

     * Constructs a new named {@code URLClassLoader} for the specified URLs.

     * The URLs will be searched in the order specified for classes

     * and resources after first searching in the specified parent class loader.

     * Any URL that ends with a '/' is assumed to refer to a directory.

     * Otherwise, the URL is assumed to refer to a JAR file which will be

     * downloaded and opened as needed.

     *

     * @param  name class loader name; or {@code null} if not named

     * @param  urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources

     * @param  parent the parent class loader for delegation

     *

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.

     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code urls} or any of its

     *         elements is {@code null}.

     *

     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkCreateClassLoader()} method doesn't

     *         allow creation of a class loader.

     *

     * @since 9

     * @spec JPMS

     */

    public URLClassLoader(String name,

                          URL[] urls,

                          ClassLoader parent) {

        super(name, parent);

        this.acc = AccessController.getContext();

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, acc);

    }

    /**

     * Constructs a new named {@code URLClassLoader} for the specified URLs,

     * parent class loader, and URLStreamHandlerFactory.

     * The parent argument will be used as the parent class loader for delegation.

     * The factory argument will be used as the stream handler factory to

     * obtain protocol handlers when creating new jar URLs.

     *

     * @param  name class loader name; or {@code null} if not named

     * @param  urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources

     * @param  parent the parent class loader for delegation

     * @param  factory the URLStreamHandlerFactory to use when creating URLs

     *

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.

     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code urls} or any of its

     *         elements is {@code null}.

     *

     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     *         {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method doesn't allow

     *         creation of a class loader.

     *

     * @since 9

     * @spec JPMS

     */

    public URLClassLoader(String name, URL[] urls, ClassLoader parent,

                          URLStreamHandlerFactory factory) {

        super(name, parent);

        this.acc = AccessController.getContext();

        this.ucp = new URLClassPath(urls, factory, acc);

    }

    /* A map (used as a set) to keep track of closeable local resources

     * (either JarFiles or FileInputStreams). We don't care about

     * Http resources since they don't need to be closed.

     *

     * If the resource is coming from a jar file

     * we keep a (weak) reference to the JarFile object which can

     * be closed if URLClassLoader.close() called. Due to jar file

     * caching there will typically be only one JarFile object

     * per underlying jar file.

     *

     * For file resources, which is probably a less common situation

     * we have to keep a weak reference to each stream.

     */

    private WeakHashMap<Closeable,Void>

        closeables = new WeakHashMap<>();

    /**

     * Returns an input stream for reading the specified resource.

     * If this loader is closed, then any resources opened by this method

     * will be closed.

     *

     * <p> The search order is described in the documentation for {@link

     * #getResource(String)}.  </p>

     *

     * @param  name

     *         The resource name

     *

     * @return  An input stream for reading the resource, or {@code null}

     *          if the resource could not be found

     *

     * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}

     *

     * @since  1.7

     */

    public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {

        Objects.requireNonNull(name);

        URL url = getResource(name);

        try {

            if (url == null) {

                return null;

            }

            URLConnection urlc = url.openConnection();

            InputStream is = urlc.getInputStream();

            if (urlc instanceof JarURLConnection) {

                JarURLConnection juc = (JarURLConnection)urlc;

                JarFile jar = juc.getJarFile();

                synchronized (closeables) {

                    if (!closeables.containsKey(jar)) {

                        closeables.put(jar, null);

                    }

                }

            } else if (urlc instanceof sun.net.www.protocol.file.FileURLConnection) {

                synchronized (closeables) {

                    closeables.put(is, null);

                }

            }

            return is;

        } catch (IOException e) {

            return null;

        }

    }

   /**

    * Closes this URLClassLoader, so that it can no longer be used to load

    * new classes or resources that are defined by this loader.

    * Classes and resources defined by any of this loader's parents in the

    * delegation hierarchy are still accessible. Also, any classes or resources

    * that are already loaded, are still accessible.

    * <p>

    * In the case of jar: and file: URLs, it also closes any files

    * that were opened by it. If another thread is loading a

    * class when the {@code close} method is invoked, then the result of

    * that load is undefined.

    * <p>

    * The method makes a best effort attempt to close all opened files,

    * by catching {@link IOException}s internally. Unchecked exceptions

    * and errors are not caught. Calling close on an already closed

    * loader has no effect.

    *

    * @exception IOException if closing any file opened by this class loader

    * resulted in an IOException. Any such exceptions are caught internally.

    * If only one is caught, then it is re-thrown. If more than one exception

    * is caught, then the second and following exceptions are added

    * as suppressed exceptions of the first one caught, which is then re-thrown.

    *

    * @exception SecurityException if a security manager is set, and it denies

    *   {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("closeClassLoader")}

    *

    * @since 1.7

    */

    public void close() throws IOException {

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (security != null) {

            security.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("closeClassLoader"));

        }

        List<IOException> errors = ucp.closeLoaders();

        // now close any remaining streams.

        synchronized (closeables) {

            Set<Closeable> keys = closeables.keySet();

            for (Closeable c : keys) {

                try {

                    c.close();

                } catch (IOException ioex) {

                    errors.add(ioex);

                }

            }

            closeables.clear();

        }

        if (errors.isEmpty()) {

            return;

        }

        IOException firstex = errors.remove(0);

        // Suppress any remaining exceptions

        for (IOException error: errors) {

            firstex.addSuppressed(error);

        }

        throw firstex;

    }

    /**

     * Appends the specified URL to the list of URLs to search for

     * classes and resources.

     * <p>

     * If the URL specified is {@code null} or is already in the

     * list of URLs, or if this loader is closed, then invoking this

     * method has no effect.

     *

     * @param url the URL to be added to the search path of URLs

     */

    protected void addURL(URL url) {

        ucp.addURL(url);

    }

    /**

     * Returns the search path of URLs for loading classes and resources.

     * This includes the original list of URLs specified to the constructor,

     * along with any URLs subsequently appended by the addURL() method.

     * @return the search path of URLs for loading classes and resources.

     */

    public URL[] getURLs() {

        return ucp.getURLs();

    }

    /**

     * Finds and loads the class with the specified name from the URL search

     * path. Any URLs referring to JAR files are loaded and opened as needed

     * until the class is found.

     *

     * @param name the name of the class

     * @return the resulting class

     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class could not be found,

     *            or if the loader is closed.

     * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}.

     */

    protected Class<?> findClass(final String name)

        throws ClassNotFoundException

    {

        final Class<?> result;

        try {

            result = AccessController.doPrivileged(

                new PrivilegedExceptionAction<>() {

                    public Class<?> run() throws ClassNotFoundException {

                        String path = name.replace('.', '/').concat(".class");

                        Resource res = ucp.getResource(path, false);

                        if (res != null) {

                            try {

                                return defineClass(name, res);

                            } catch (IOException e) {

                                throw new ClassNotFoundException(name, e);

                            }

                        } else {

                            return null;

                        }

                    }

                }, acc);

        } catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) {

            throw (ClassNotFoundException) pae.getException();

        }

        if (result == null) {

            throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);

        }

        return result;

    }

    /*

     * Retrieve the package using the specified package name.

     * If non-null, verify the package using the specified code

     * source and manifest.

     */

    private Package getAndVerifyPackage(String pkgname,

                                        Manifest man, URL url) {

        Package pkg = getDefinedPackage(pkgname);

        if (pkg != null) {

            // Package found, so check package sealing.

            if (pkg.isSealed()) {

                // Verify that code source URL is the same.

                if (!pkg.isSealed(url)) {

                    throw new SecurityException(

                        "sealing violation: package " + pkgname + " is sealed");

                }

            } else {

                // Make sure we are not attempting to seal the package

                // at this code source URL.

                if ((man != null) && isSealed(pkgname, man)) {

                    throw new SecurityException(

                        "sealing violation: can't seal package " + pkgname +

                        ": already loaded");

                }

            }

        }

        return pkg;

    }

    /*

     * Defines a Class using the class bytes obtained from the specified

     * Resource. The resulting Class must be resolved before it can be

     * used.

     */

    private Class<?> defineClass(String name, Resource res) throws IOException {

        long t0 = System.nanoTime();

        int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');

        URL url = res.getCodeSourceURL();

        if (i != -1) {

            String pkgname = name.substring(0, i);

            // Check if package already loaded.

            Manifest man = res.getManifest();

            if (getAndVerifyPackage(pkgname, man, url) == null) {

                try {

                    if (man != null) {

                        definePackage(pkgname, man, url);

                    } else {

                        definePackage(pkgname, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);

                    }

                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {

                    // parallel-capable class loaders: re-verify in case of a

                    // race condition

                    if (getAndVerifyPackage(pkgname, man, url) == null) {

                        // Should never happen

                        throw new AssertionError("Cannot find package " +

                                                 pkgname);

                    }