/*

 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 *

 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "classfile/altHashing.hpp"

#include "classfile/compactHashtable.hpp"

#include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"

#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"

#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"

#include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"

#include "memory/filemap.hpp"

#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

#include "runtime/atomic.inline.hpp"

#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"

#include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

// the number of buckets a thread claims

const int ClaimChunkSize = 32;

SymbolTable* SymbolTable::_the_table = NULL;

// Static arena for symbols that are not deallocated

Arena* SymbolTable::_arena = NULL;

bool SymbolTable::_needs_rehashing = false;

bool SymbolTable::_lookup_shared_first = false;

CompactHashtable<Symbol*, char> SymbolTable::_shared_table;

Symbol* SymbolTable::allocate_symbol(const u1* name, int len, bool c_heap, TRAPS) {

  assert (len <= Symbol::max_length(), "should be checked by caller");

  Symbol* sym;

  if (DumpSharedSpaces) {

    // Allocate all symbols to CLD shared metaspace

    sym = new (len, ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data(), THREAD) Symbol(name, len, PERM_REFCOUNT);

  } else if (c_heap) {

    // refcount starts as 1

    sym = new (len, THREAD) Symbol(name, len, 1);

    assert(sym != NULL, "new should call vm_exit_out_of_memory if C_HEAP is exhausted");

  } else {

    // Allocate to global arena

    sym = new (len, arena(), THREAD) Symbol(name, len, PERM_REFCOUNT);

  }

  return sym;

}

void SymbolTable::initialize_symbols(int arena_alloc_size) {

  // Initialize the arena for global symbols, size passed in depends on CDS.

  if (arena_alloc_size == 0) {

    _arena = new (mtSymbol) Arena(mtSymbol);

  } else {

    _arena = new (mtSymbol) Arena(mtSymbol, arena_alloc_size);

  }

}

// Call function for all symbols in the symbol table.

void SymbolTable::symbols_do(SymbolClosure *cl) {

  // all symbols from shared table

  _shared_table.symbols_do(cl);

  // all symbols from the dynamic table

  const int n = the_table()->table_size();

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

    for (HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* p = the_table()->bucket(i);

         p != NULL;

         p = p->next()) {

      cl->do_symbol(p->literal_addr());

    }

  }

}

int SymbolTable::_symbols_removed = 0;

int SymbolTable::_symbols_counted = 0;

volatile int SymbolTable::_parallel_claimed_idx = 0;

void SymbolTable::buckets_unlink(int start_idx, int end_idx, int* processed, int* removed) {

  for (int i = start_idx; i < end_idx; ++i) {

    HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>** p = the_table()->bucket_addr(i);

    HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* entry = the_table()->bucket(i);

    while (entry != NULL) {

      // Shared entries are normally at the end of the bucket and if we run into

      // a shared entry, then there is nothing more to remove. However, if we

      // have rehashed the table, then the shared entries are no longer at the

      // end of the bucket.

      if (entry->is_shared() && !use_alternate_hashcode()) {

        break;

      }

      Symbol* s = entry->literal();

      (*processed)++;

      assert(s != NULL, "just checking");

      // If reference count is zero, remove.

      if (s->refcount() == 0) {

        assert(!entry->is_shared(), "shared entries should be kept live");

        delete s;

        (*removed)++;

        *p = entry->next();

        the_table()->free_entry(entry);

      } else {

        p = entry->next_addr();

      }

      // get next entry

      entry = (HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>*)HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>::make_ptr(*p);

    }

  }

}

// Remove unreferenced symbols from the symbol table

// This is done late during GC.

void SymbolTable::unlink(int* processed, int* removed) {

  size_t memory_total = 0;

  buckets_unlink(0, the_table()->table_size(), processed, removed);

  _symbols_removed += *removed;

  _symbols_counted += *processed;

}

void SymbolTable::possibly_parallel_unlink(int* processed, int* removed) {

  const int limit = the_table()->table_size();

  size_t memory_total = 0;

  for (;;) {

    // Grab next set of buckets to scan

    int start_idx = Atomic::add(ClaimChunkSize, &_parallel_claimed_idx) - ClaimChunkSize;

    if (start_idx >= limit) {

      // End of table

      break;

    }

    int end_idx = MIN2(limit, start_idx + ClaimChunkSize);

    buckets_unlink(start_idx, end_idx, processed, removed);

  }

  Atomic::add(*processed, &_symbols_counted);

  Atomic::add(*removed, &_symbols_removed);

}

// Create a new table and using alternate hash code, populate the new table

// with the existing strings.   Set flag to use the alternate hash code afterwards.

void SymbolTable::rehash_table() {

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");

  // This should never happen with -Xshare:dump but it might in testing mode.

  if (DumpSharedSpaces) return;

  // Create a new symbol table

  SymbolTable* new_table = new SymbolTable();

  the_table()->move_to(new_table);

  // Delete the table and buckets (entries are reused in new table).

  delete _the_table;

  // Don't check if we need rehashing until the table gets unbalanced again.

  // Then rehash with a new global seed.

  _needs_rehashing = false;

  _the_table = new_table;

}

// Lookup a symbol in a bucket.

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup_dynamic(int index, const char* name,

                                    int len, unsigned int hash) {

  int count = 0;

  for (HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* e = bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {

    count++;  // count all entries in this bucket, not just ones with same hash

    if (e->hash() == hash) {

      Symbol* sym = e->literal();

      if (sym->equals(name, len)) {

        // something is referencing this symbol now.

        sym->increment_refcount();

        return sym;

      }

    }

  }

  // If the bucket size is too deep check if this hash code is insufficient.

  if (count >= rehash_count && !needs_rehashing()) {

    _needs_rehashing = check_rehash_table(count);

  }

  return NULL;

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup_shared(const char* name,

                                   int len, unsigned int hash) {

  return _shared_table.lookup(name, hash, len);

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup(int index, const char* name,

                            int len, unsigned int hash) {

  Symbol* sym;

  if (_lookup_shared_first) {

    sym = lookup_shared(name, len, hash);

    if (sym != NULL) {

      return sym;

    }

    _lookup_shared_first = false;

    return lookup_dynamic(index, name, len, hash);

  } else {

    sym = lookup_dynamic(index, name, len, hash);

    if (sym != NULL) {

      return sym;

    }

    sym = lookup_shared(name, len, hash);

    if (sym != NULL) {

      _lookup_shared_first = true;

    }

    return sym;

  }

}

// Pick hashing algorithm.

unsigned int SymbolTable::hash_symbol(const char* s, int len) {

  return use_alternate_hashcode() ?

           AltHashing::murmur3_32(seed(), (const jbyte*)s, len) :

           java_lang_String::hash_code((const jbyte*)s, len);

}

// We take care not to be blocking while holding the

// SymbolTable_lock. Otherwise, the system might deadlock, since the

// symboltable is used during compilation (VM_thread) The lock free

// synchronization is simplified by the fact that we do not delete

// entries in the symbol table during normal execution (only during

// safepoints).

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup(const char* name, int len, TRAPS) {

  unsigned int hashValue = hash_symbol(name, len);

  int index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hashValue);

  Symbol* s = the_table()->lookup(index, name, len, hashValue);

  // Found

  if (s != NULL) return s;

  // Grab SymbolTable_lock first.

  MutexLocker ml(SymbolTable_lock, THREAD);

  // Otherwise, add to symbol to table

  return the_table()->basic_add(index, (u1*)name, len, hashValue, true, THREAD);

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup(const Symbol* sym, int begin, int end, TRAPS) {

  char* buffer;

  int index, len;

  unsigned int hashValue;

  char* name;

  {

    debug_only(No_Safepoint_Verifier nsv;)

    name = (char*)sym->base() + begin;

    len = end - begin;

    hashValue = hash_symbol(name, len);

    index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hashValue);

    Symbol* s = the_table()->lookup(index, name, len, hashValue);

    // Found

    if (s != NULL) return s;

  }

  // Otherwise, add to symbol to table. Copy to a C string first.

  char stack_buf[128];

  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

  if (len <= 128) {

    buffer = stack_buf;

  } else {

    buffer = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, char, len);

  }

  for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {

    buffer[i] = name[i];

  }

  // Make sure there is no safepoint in the code above since name can't move.

  // We can't include the code in No_Safepoint_Verifier because of the

  // ResourceMark.

  // Grab SymbolTable_lock first.

  MutexLocker ml(SymbolTable_lock, THREAD);

  return the_table()->basic_add(index, (u1*)buffer, len, hashValue, true, THREAD);

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup_only(const char* name, int len,

                                   unsigned int& hash) {

  hash = hash_symbol(name, len);

  int index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hash);

  Symbol* s = the_table()->lookup(index, name, len, hash);

  return s;

}

// Look up the address of the literal in the SymbolTable for this Symbol*

// Do not create any new symbols

// Do not increment the reference count to keep this alive

Symbol** SymbolTable::lookup_symbol_addr(Symbol* sym){

  unsigned int hash = hash_symbol((char*)sym->bytes(), sym->utf8_length());

  int index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hash);

  for (HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* e = the_table()->bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {

    if (e->hash() == hash) {

      Symbol* literal_sym = e->literal();

      if (sym == literal_sym) {

        return e->literal_addr();

      }

    }

  }

  return NULL;

}

// Suggestion: Push unicode-based lookup all the way into the hashing

// and probing logic, so there is no need for convert_to_utf8 until

// an actual new Symbol* is created.

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup_unicode(const jchar* name, int utf16_length, TRAPS) {

  int utf8_length = UNICODE::utf8_length((jchar*) name, utf16_length);

  char stack_buf[128];

  if (utf8_length < (int) sizeof(stack_buf)) {

    char* chars = stack_buf;

    UNICODE::convert_to_utf8(name, utf16_length, chars);

    return lookup(chars, utf8_length, THREAD);

  } else {

    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

    char* chars = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, utf8_length + 1);;

    UNICODE::convert_to_utf8(name, utf16_length, chars);

    return lookup(chars, utf8_length, THREAD);

  }

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup_only_unicode(const jchar* name, int utf16_length,

                                           unsigned int& hash) {

  int utf8_length = UNICODE::utf8_length((jchar*) name, utf16_length);

  char stack_buf[128];

  if (utf8_length < (int) sizeof(stack_buf)) {

    char* chars = stack_buf;

    UNICODE::convert_to_utf8(name, utf16_length, chars);

    return lookup_only(chars, utf8_length, hash);

  } else {

    ResourceMark rm;

    char* chars = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, utf8_length + 1);;

    UNICODE::convert_to_utf8(name, utf16_length, chars);

    return lookup_only(chars, utf8_length, hash);

  }

}

void SymbolTable::add(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, const constantPoolHandle& cp,

                      int names_count,

                      const char** names, int* lengths, int* cp_indices,

                      unsigned int* hashValues, TRAPS) {

  // Grab SymbolTable_lock first.

  MutexLocker ml(SymbolTable_lock, THREAD);

  SymbolTable* table = the_table();

  bool added = table->basic_add(loader_data, cp, names_count, names, lengths,

                                cp_indices, hashValues, CHECK);

  if (!added) {

    // do it the hard way

    for (int i=0; i<names_count; i++) {

      int index = table->hash_to_index(hashValues[i]);

      bool c_heap = !loader_data->is_the_null_class_loader_data();

      Symbol* sym = table->basic_add(index, (u1*)names[i], lengths[i], hashValues[i], c_heap, CHECK);

      cp->symbol_at_put(cp_indices[i], sym);

    }

  }

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(const char* name, TRAPS) {

  unsigned int hash;

  Symbol* result = SymbolTable::lookup_only((char*)name, (int)strlen(name), hash);

  if (result != NULL) {

    return result;

  }

  // Grab SymbolTable_lock first.

  MutexLocker ml(SymbolTable_lock, THREAD);

  SymbolTable* table = the_table();

  int index = table->hash_to_index(hash);

  return table->basic_add(index, (u1*)name, (int)strlen(name), hash, false, THREAD);

}

Symbol* SymbolTable::basic_add(int index_arg, u1 *name, int len,

                               unsigned int hashValue_arg, bool c_heap, TRAPS) {

  assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(name),

         "proposed name of symbol must be stable");

  // Don't allow symbols to be created which cannot fit in a Symbol*.

  if (len > Symbol::max_length()) {

    THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(),

                "name is too long to represent");

  }

  // Cannot hit a safepoint in this function because the "this" pointer can move.

  No_Safepoint_Verifier nsv;

  // Check if the symbol table has been rehashed, if so, need to recalculate

  // the hash value and index.

  unsigned int hashValue;

  int index;

  if (use_alternate_hashcode()) {

    hashValue = hash_symbol((const char*)name, len);

    index = hash_to_index(hashValue);

  } else {

    hashValue = hashValue_arg;

    index = index_arg;

  }

  // Since look-up was done lock-free, we need to check if another

  // thread beat us in the race to insert the symbol.

  Symbol* test = lookup(index, (char*)name, len, hashValue);

  if (test != NULL) {

    // A race occurred and another thread introduced the symbol.

    assert(test->refcount() != 0, "lookup should have incremented the count");

    return test;

  }

  // Create a new symbol.

  Symbol* sym = allocate_symbol(name, len, c_heap, CHECK_NULL);

  assert(sym->equals((char*)name, len), "symbol must be properly initialized");

  HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* entry = new_entry(hashValue, sym);

  add_entry(index, entry);

  return sym;

}

// This version of basic_add adds symbols in batch from the constant pool

// parsing.

bool SymbolTable::basic_add(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, const constantPoolHandle& cp,

                            int names_count,

                            const char** names, int* lengths,

                            int* cp_indices, unsigned int* hashValues,

                            TRAPS) {

  // Check symbol names are not too long.  If any are too long, don't add any.

  for (int i = 0; i< names_count; i++) {

    if (lengths[i] > Symbol::max_length()) {

      THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(),

                  "name is too long to represent");

    }

  }

  // Cannot hit a safepoint in this function because the "this" pointer can move.

  No_Safepoint_Verifier nsv;

  for (int i=0; i<names_count; i++) {

    // Check if the symbol table has been rehashed, if so, need to recalculate

    // the hash value.

    unsigned int hashValue;

    if (use_alternate_hashcode()) {

      hashValue = hash_symbol(names[i], lengths[i]);

    } else {

      hashValue = hashValues[i];

    }

    // Since look-up was done lock-free, we need to check if another

    // thread beat us in the race to insert the symbol.

    int index = hash_to_index(hashValue);

    Symbol* test = lookup(index, names[i], lengths[i], hashValue);

    if (test != NULL) {

      // A race occurred and another thread introduced the symbol, this one

      // will be dropped and collected. Use test instead.

      cp->symbol_at_put(cp_indices[i], test);

      assert(test->refcount() != 0, "lookup should have incremented the count");

    } else {

      // Create a new symbol.  The null class loader is never unloaded so these

      // are allocated specially in a permanent arena.

      bool c_heap = !loader_data->is_the_null_class_loader_data();

      Symbol* sym = allocate_symbol((const u1*)names[i], lengths[i], c_heap, CHECK_(false));

      assert(sym->equals(names[i], lengths[i]), "symbol must be properly initialized");  // why wouldn't it be???

      HashtableEntry<Symbol*, mtSymbol>* entry = new_entry(hashValue, sym);

      add_entry(index, entry);

      cp->symbol_at_put(cp_indices[i], sym);

    }

  }

  return true;

}

void SymbolTable::verify() {

  for (int i = 0; i < the_table()->table_size(); ++i) {