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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

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/*

 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public

 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this

 * file, and Oracle licenses the original version of this file under the BSD

 * license:

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/*

   Copyright 2016 Attila Szegedi

   Licensed under both the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "Apache License")

   and the BSD License (the "BSD License"), with licensee being free to

   choose either of the two at their discretion.

   You may not use this file except in compliance with either the Apache

   License or the BSD License.

   If you choose to use this file in compliance with the Apache License, the

   following notice applies to you:

       You may obtain a copy of the Apache License at

           http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

       Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

       distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

       WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or

       implied. See the License for the specific language governing

       permissions and limitations under the License.

   If you choose to use this file in compliance with the BSD License, the

   following notice applies to you:

       Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are

       met:

       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

         documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

       * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of

         contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from

         this software without specific prior written permission.

       THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS

       IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED

       TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A

       PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL COPYRIGHT HOLDER

       BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

       CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF

       SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR

       BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,

       WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR

       OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF

       ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

*/

package jdk.dynalink;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Objects;

/**

 * Describes an operation that operates on at least one {@link Namespace} of

 * an object. E.g. a property getter would be described as

 * <pre>

 * Operation propertyGetter = new NamespaceOperation(

 *     StandardOperation.GET,

 *     StandardNamespace.PROPERTY);

 * </pre>

 * They are often combined with {@link NamedOperation}, e.g. to express a

 * property getter for a property named "color", you would construct:

 * <pre>

 * Operation colorPropertyGetter = new NamedOperation(

 *     new NamespaceOperation(

 *         StandardOperation.GET,

 *         StandardNamespace.PROPERTY),

 *     "color");

 * </pre>

 * <p>While {@code NamespaceOperation} can be constructed directly, it is often convenient

 * to use the {@link Operation#withNamespace(Namespace)} and {@link Operation#withNamespaces(Namespace...)} factory

 * methods instead, e.g.:

 * <pre>

 * Operation getElementOrPropertyEmpty =

 *     StandardOperation.GET

 *         .withNamespace(StandardNamespace.PROPERTY)

 *         .named("color");

 * </pre>

 * <h3>Operations on multiple namespaces</h3>

 * If multiple namespaces are specified, the namespaces are treated as

 * alternatives to each other in order of preference. The semantics of

 * such operation is "first applicable".

 * That is, a composite of {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT:color} should be

 * interpreted as <i>get the property named "color" on the object, but if the

 * property does not exist, then get the collection element named "color"

 * instead</i>.

 * <p>

 * Operations with multiple namespaces are helpful in implementation of languages that

 * don't distinguish between one or more of the namespaces, or when expressing operations

 * against objects that can be considered both ordinary objects and collections, e.g. Java

 * {@link java.util.Map} objects. A {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT:empty} operation

 * against a Java map will always match

 * the {@link java.util.Map#isEmpty()} property, but

 * {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY:empty} will actually match a map element with

 * key {@code "empty"} if the map contains that key, and only fall back to the

 * {@code isEmpty()} property getter if the map does not contain the key. If

 * the source language mandates this semantics, it can be easily achieved using

 * operations on multiple namespaces.

 * <p>

 * Even if the language itself doesn't distinguish between some of the

 * namespaces, it can be helpful to map different syntaxes to different namespace orderings.

 * E.g. the source expression {@code obj.color} could map to

 * {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT|METHOD:color}, but a different source

 * expression that looks like collection element access {@code obj[key]} could

 * be expressed instead as {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY|METHOD} in order to favor the

 * element semantics. Finally, if the retrieved value is subsequently called, then it makes sense

 * to bring {@code METHOD} to the front of the namespace list: the getter part of the

 * source expression {@code obj.color()} could be

 * {@code GET:METHOD|PROPERTY|ELEMENT:color} and the one for

 * {@code obj[key]()} could be {@code GET:METHOD|ELEMENT|PROPERTY}.

 * <p>

 * The base operation of a namespace operation can not itself be a namespace or named

 * operation, but rather one of simple operations such are elements of

 * {@link StandardOperation}. A namespace operation itself can serve as the base

 * operation of a named operation, though; a typical way to construct e.g. the

 * {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY:empty} from above would be:

 * <pre>

 * Operation getElementOrPropertyEmpty = StandardOperation.GET

 *     .withNamespaces(

 *         StandardNamespace.ELEMENT,

 *         StandardNamespace.PROPERTY)

 *     .named("empty");

 * </pre>

 */

public final class NamespaceOperation implements Operation {

    private final Operation baseOperation;

    private final Namespace[] namespaces;

    /**

     * Constructs a new namespace operation.

     * @param baseOperation the base operation that operates on one or more namespaces.

     * @param namespaces one or more namespaces this operation operates on.

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if less than one namespace is

     * specified, or the base operation is itself a {@link NamespaceOperation} or a

     * {@link NamedOperation}.

     * @throws NullPointerException if either the {@code namespaces} array or any of its

     * elements are {@code null}, or if {@code baseOperation} is {@code null}.

     */

    public NamespaceOperation(final Operation baseOperation, final Namespace... namespaces) {

        this.baseOperation = Objects.requireNonNull(baseOperation, "baseOperation is null");

        if (baseOperation instanceof NamedOperation) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseOperation is a NamedOperation");

        } else if (baseOperation instanceof NamespaceOperation) {

           throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseOperation is a NamespaceOperation");

        }

        this.namespaces = Objects.requireNonNull(namespaces, "namespaces array is null").clone();

        if (namespaces.length < 1) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must specify at least one namespace");

        }

        for(int i = 0; i < namespaces.length; ++i) {

            final int fi = i;

            Objects.requireNonNull(namespaces[i], () -> "operations[" + fi + "] is null");

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns the base operation of this named operation.

     * @return the base operation of this named operation.

     */

    public Operation getBaseOperation() {

        return baseOperation;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the namespaces in this namespace operation. The returned

     * array is a copy and changes to it don't have effect on this

     * object.

     * @return the namespaces in this namespace operation.

     */

    public Namespace[] getNamespaces() {

        return namespaces.clone();

    }

    /**

     * Returns the number of namespaces in this namespace operation.

     * @return the number of namespaces in this namespace operation.

     */

    public int getNamespaceCount() {

        return namespaces.length;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the i-th namespace in this namespace operation.

     * @param i the namespace index

     * @return the i-th namespace in this namespace operation.

     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range.

     */

    public Namespace getNamespace(final int i) {

        try {

            return namespaces[i];

        } catch (final ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(Integer.toString(i));

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns true if this namespace operation contains a namespace equal to

     * the specified namespace.

     * @param namespace the namespace being searched for. Must not be null.

     * @return true if the if this namespace operation contains a namespace

     * equal to the specified namespace.

     */

    public boolean contains(final Namespace namespace) {

        Objects.requireNonNull(namespace);

        for(final Namespace component: namespaces) {

            if (component.equals(namespace)) {

                return true;

            }

        }

        return false;

    }

    /**

     * Returns true if the other object is also a namespace operation and their

     * base operation and namespaces are equal.

     * @param obj the object to compare to

     * @return true if this object is equal to the other one, false otherwise.

     */

    @Override

    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {

        if (obj instanceof NamespaceOperation) {

            final NamespaceOperation other = (NamespaceOperation)obj;

            return baseOperation.equals(other.baseOperation) && Arrays.equals(namespaces, other.namespaces);

        }

        return false;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the hash code of this namespace operation. Defined to be equal

     * to {@code baseOperation.hashCode() + 31 * Arrays.hashCode(namespaces)}.

     */

    @Override

    public int hashCode() {

        return baseOperation.hashCode() + 31 * Arrays.hashCode(namespaces);

    };

    /**

     * Returns the string representation of this namespace operation. Defined to

     * be the {@code toString} of its base operation, followed by a colon character,

     * followed with the list of its namespaces separated with the vertical line

     * character (e.g. {@code "GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT"}).

     * @return the string representation of this namespace operation.

     */

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();

        b.append(baseOperation).append(':');

        b.append(namespaces[0]);

        for(int i = 1; i < namespaces.length; ++i) {

            b.append('|').append(namespaces[i]);

        }

        return b.toString();

    }

    /**

     * If the passed operation is a namespace operation, returns its

     * {@link #getBaseOperation()}, otherwise returns the operation as is.

     * @param op the operation

     * @return the base operation of the passed operation.

     */

    public static Operation getBaseOperation(final Operation op) {

        return op instanceof NamespaceOperation ? ((NamespaceOperation )op).getBaseOperation() : op;

    }

    /**

     * If the passed operation is a namespace operation, returns its

     * {@link #getNamespaces()}, otherwise returns an empty array.

     * @param op the operation

     * @return the namespaces of the passed operation.

     */

    public static Namespace[] getNamespaces(final Operation op) {

        return op instanceof NamespaceOperation ? ((NamespaceOperation)op).getNamespaces() : new Namespace[0];

    }

    /**

     * Returns true if the specified operation is a {@link NamespaceOperation}

     * and its base operation is equal to the specified operation, and it

     * contains the specified namespace. If it is not a {@link NamespaceOperation},

     * then it returns false.

     * @param op the operation. Must not be null.

     * @param baseOperation the base operation being searched for. Must not be null.

     * @param namespace the namespace being searched for. Must not be null.

     * @return true if the if the passed operation is a {@link NamespaceOperation},

     * its base operation equals the searched base operation, and contains a namespace

     * equal to the searched namespace.

     */

    public static boolean contains(final Operation op, final Operation baseOperation, final Namespace namespace) {

        if (op instanceof NamespaceOperation) {

            final NamespaceOperation no = (NamespaceOperation)op;

            return no.baseOperation.equals(baseOperation) && no.contains(namespace);

        }

        return false;

    }

}