/*

 * Copyright (c) 2001, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

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 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "gc_implementation/shared/collectorCounters.hpp"

#include "gc_implementation/shared/gcPolicyCounters.hpp"

#include "gc_implementation/shared/spaceDecorator.hpp"

#include "memory/defNewGeneration.inline.hpp"

#include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"

#include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"

#include "memory/genOopClosures.inline.hpp"

#include "memory/generationSpec.hpp"

#include "memory/iterator.hpp"

#include "memory/referencePolicy.hpp"

#include "memory/space.inline.hpp"

#include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"

#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

#include "runtime/java.hpp"

#include "utilities/copy.hpp"

#include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"

#ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux

# include "thread_linux.inline.hpp"

#endif

#ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris

# include "thread_solaris.inline.hpp"

#endif

#ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows

# include "thread_windows.inline.hpp"

#endif

//

// DefNewGeneration functions.

// Methods of protected closure types.

DefNewGeneration::IsAliveClosure::IsAliveClosure(Generation* g) : _g(g) {

  assert(g->level() == 0, "Optimized for youngest gen.");

}

void DefNewGeneration::IsAliveClosure::do_object(oop p) {

  assert(false, "Do not call.");

}

bool DefNewGeneration::IsAliveClosure::do_object_b(oop p) {

  return (HeapWord*)p >= _g->reserved().end() || p->is_forwarded();

}

DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure::

KeepAliveClosure(ScanWeakRefClosure* cl) : _cl(cl) {

  GenRemSet* rs = GenCollectedHeap::heap()->rem_set();

  assert(rs->rs_kind() == GenRemSet::CardTable, "Wrong rem set kind.");

  _rs = (CardTableRS*)rs;

}

void DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

DefNewGeneration::FastKeepAliveClosure::

FastKeepAliveClosure(DefNewGeneration* g, ScanWeakRefClosure* cl) :

  DefNewGeneration::KeepAliveClosure(cl) {

  _boundary = g->reserved().end();

}

void DefNewGeneration::FastKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { DefNewGeneration::FastKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void DefNewGeneration::FastKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { DefNewGeneration::FastKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

DefNewGeneration::EvacuateFollowersClosure::

EvacuateFollowersClosure(GenCollectedHeap* gch, int level,

                         ScanClosure* cur, ScanClosure* older) :

  _gch(gch), _level(level),

  _scan_cur_or_nonheap(cur), _scan_older(older)

{}

void DefNewGeneration::EvacuateFollowersClosure::do_void() {

  do {

    _gch->oop_since_save_marks_iterate(_level, _scan_cur_or_nonheap,

                                       _scan_older);

  } while (!_gch->no_allocs_since_save_marks(_level));

}

DefNewGeneration::FastEvacuateFollowersClosure::

FastEvacuateFollowersClosure(GenCollectedHeap* gch, int level,

                             DefNewGeneration* gen,

                             FastScanClosure* cur, FastScanClosure* older) :

  _gch(gch), _level(level), _gen(gen),

  _scan_cur_or_nonheap(cur), _scan_older(older)

{}

void DefNewGeneration::FastEvacuateFollowersClosure::do_void() {

  do {

    _gch->oop_since_save_marks_iterate(_level, _scan_cur_or_nonheap,

                                       _scan_older);

  } while (!_gch->no_allocs_since_save_marks(_level));

  guarantee(_gen->promo_failure_scan_is_complete(), "Failed to finish scan");

}

ScanClosure::ScanClosure(DefNewGeneration* g, bool gc_barrier) :

  OopsInGenClosure(g), _g(g), _gc_barrier(gc_barrier)

{

  assert(_g->level() == 0, "Optimized for youngest generation");

  _boundary = _g->reserved().end();

}

void ScanClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { ScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void ScanClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { ScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

FastScanClosure::FastScanClosure(DefNewGeneration* g, bool gc_barrier) :

  OopsInGenClosure(g), _g(g), _gc_barrier(gc_barrier)

{

  assert(_g->level() == 0, "Optimized for youngest generation");

  _boundary = _g->reserved().end();

}

void FastScanClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { FastScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void FastScanClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { FastScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

ScanWeakRefClosure::ScanWeakRefClosure(DefNewGeneration* g) :

  OopClosure(g->ref_processor()), _g(g)

{

  assert(_g->level() == 0, "Optimized for youngest generation");

  _boundary = _g->reserved().end();

}

void ScanWeakRefClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { ScanWeakRefClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void ScanWeakRefClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { ScanWeakRefClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void FilteringClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { FilteringClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void FilteringClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { FilteringClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

DefNewGeneration::DefNewGeneration(ReservedSpace rs,

                                   size_t initial_size,

                                   int level,

                                   const char* policy)

  : Generation(rs, initial_size, level),

    _promo_failure_drain_in_progress(false),

    _should_allocate_from_space(false)

{

  MemRegion cmr((HeapWord*)_virtual_space.low(),

                (HeapWord*)_virtual_space.high());

  Universe::heap()->barrier_set()->resize_covered_region(cmr);

  if (GenCollectedHeap::heap()->collector_policy()->has_soft_ended_eden()) {

    _eden_space = new ConcEdenSpace(this);

  } else {

    _eden_space = new EdenSpace(this);

  }

  _from_space = new ContiguousSpace();

  _to_space   = new ContiguousSpace();

  if (_eden_space == NULL || _from_space == NULL || _to_space == NULL)

    vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate a new gen space");

  // Compute the maximum eden and survivor space sizes. These sizes

  // are computed assuming the entire reserved space is committed.

  // These values are exported as performance counters.

  uintx alignment = GenCollectedHeap::heap()->collector_policy()->min_alignment();

  uintx size = _virtual_space.reserved_size();

  _max_survivor_size = compute_survivor_size(size, alignment);

  _max_eden_size = size - (2*_max_survivor_size);

  // allocate the performance counters

  // Generation counters -- generation 0, 3 subspaces

  _gen_counters = new GenerationCounters("new", 0, 3, &_virtual_space);

  _gc_counters = new CollectorCounters(policy, 0);

  _eden_counters = new CSpaceCounters("eden", 0, _max_eden_size, _eden_space,

                                      _gen_counters);

  _from_counters = new CSpaceCounters("s0", 1, _max_survivor_size, _from_space,

                                      _gen_counters);

  _to_counters = new CSpaceCounters("s1", 2, _max_survivor_size, _to_space,

                                    _gen_counters);

  compute_space_boundaries(0, SpaceDecorator::Clear, SpaceDecorator::Mangle);

  update_counters();

  _next_gen = NULL;

  _tenuring_threshold = MaxTenuringThreshold;

  _pretenure_size_threshold_words = PretenureSizeThreshold >> LogHeapWordSize;

}

void DefNewGeneration::compute_space_boundaries(uintx minimum_eden_size,

                                                bool clear_space,

                                                bool mangle_space) {

  uintx alignment =

    GenCollectedHeap::heap()->collector_policy()->min_alignment();

  // If the spaces are being cleared (only done at heap initialization

  // currently), the survivor spaces need not be empty.

  // Otherwise, no care is taken for used areas in the survivor spaces

  // so check.

  assert(clear_space || (to()->is_empty() && from()->is_empty()),

    "Initialization of the survivor spaces assumes these are empty");

  // Compute sizes

  uintx size = _virtual_space.committed_size();

  uintx survivor_size = compute_survivor_size(size, alignment);

  uintx eden_size = size - (2*survivor_size);

  assert(eden_size > 0 && survivor_size <= eden_size, "just checking");

  if (eden_size < minimum_eden_size) {

    // May happen due to 64Kb rounding, if so adjust eden size back up

    minimum_eden_size = align_size_up(minimum_eden_size, alignment);

    uintx maximum_survivor_size = (size - minimum_eden_size) / 2;

    uintx unaligned_survivor_size =

      align_size_down(maximum_survivor_size, alignment);

    survivor_size = MAX2(unaligned_survivor_size, alignment);

    eden_size = size - (2*survivor_size);

    assert(eden_size > 0 && survivor_size <= eden_size, "just checking");

    assert(eden_size >= minimum_eden_size, "just checking");

  }

  char *eden_start = _virtual_space.low();

  char *from_start = eden_start + eden_size;

  char *to_start   = from_start + survivor_size;

  char *to_end     = to_start   + survivor_size;

  assert(to_end == _virtual_space.high(), "just checking");

  assert(Space::is_aligned((HeapWord*)eden_start), "checking alignment");

  assert(Space::is_aligned((HeapWord*)from_start), "checking alignment");

  assert(Space::is_aligned((HeapWord*)to_start),   "checking alignment");

  MemRegion edenMR((HeapWord*)eden_start, (HeapWord*)from_start);

  MemRegion fromMR((HeapWord*)from_start, (HeapWord*)to_start);

  MemRegion toMR  ((HeapWord*)to_start, (HeapWord*)to_end);

  // A minimum eden size implies that there is a part of eden that

  // is being used and that affects the initialization of any

  // newly formed eden.

  bool live_in_eden = minimum_eden_size > 0;

  // If not clearing the spaces, do some checking to verify that

  // the space are already mangled.

  if (!clear_space) {

    // Must check mangling before the spaces are reshaped.  Otherwise,

    // the bottom or end of one space may have moved into another

    // a failure of the check may not correctly indicate which space

    // is not properly mangled.

    if (ZapUnusedHeapArea) {

      HeapWord* limit = (HeapWord*) _virtual_space.high();

      eden()->check_mangled_unused_area(limit);

      from()->check_mangled_unused_area(limit);

        to()->check_mangled_unused_area(limit);

    }

  }

  // Reset the spaces for their new regions.

  eden()->initialize(edenMR,

                     clear_space && !live_in_eden,

                     SpaceDecorator::Mangle);

  // If clear_space and live_in_eden, we will not have cleared any

  // portion of eden above its top. This can cause newly

  // expanded space not to be mangled if using ZapUnusedHeapArea.

  // We explicitly do such mangling here.

  if (ZapUnusedHeapArea && clear_space && live_in_eden && mangle_space) {

    eden()->mangle_unused_area();

  }

  from()->initialize(fromMR, clear_space, mangle_space);

  to()->initialize(toMR, clear_space, mangle_space);

  // Set next compaction spaces.

  eden()->set_next_compaction_space(from());

  // The to-space is normally empty before a compaction so need

  // not be considered.  The exception is during promotion

  // failure handling when to-space can contain live objects.

  from()->set_next_compaction_space(NULL);

}

void DefNewGeneration::swap_spaces() {

  ContiguousSpace* s = from();

  _from_space        = to();

  _to_space          = s;

  eden()->set_next_compaction_space(from());

  // The to-space is normally empty before a compaction so need

  // not be considered.  The exception is during promotion

  // failure handling when to-space can contain live objects.

  from()->set_next_compaction_space(NULL);

  if (UsePerfData) {

    CSpaceCounters* c = _from_counters;

    _from_counters = _to_counters;

    _to_counters = c;

  }

}

bool DefNewGeneration::expand(size_t bytes) {

  MutexLocker x(ExpandHeap_lock);

  HeapWord* prev_high = (HeapWord*) _virtual_space.high();

  bool success = _virtual_space.expand_by(bytes);

  if (success && ZapUnusedHeapArea) {

    // Mangle newly committed space immediately because it

    // can be done here more simply that after the new

    // spaces have been computed.

    HeapWord* new_high = (HeapWord*) _virtual_space.high();

    MemRegion mangle_region(prev_high, new_high);

    SpaceMangler::mangle_region(mangle_region);

  }

  // Do not attempt an expand-to-the reserve size.  The

  // request should properly observe the maximum size of

  // the generation so an expand-to-reserve should be

  // unnecessary.  Also a second call to expand-to-reserve

  // value potentially can cause an undue expansion.

  // For example if the first expand fail for unknown reasons,

  // but the second succeeds and expands the heap to its maximum

  // value.

  if (GC_locker::is_active()) {

    if (PrintGC && Verbose) {

      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Garbage collection disabled, "

        "expanded heap instead");

    }

  }

  return success;

}

void DefNewGeneration::compute_new_size() {

  // This is called after a gc that includes the following generation

  // (which is required to exist.)  So from-space will normally be empty.

  // Note that we check both spaces, since if scavenge failed they revert roles.

  // If not we bail out (otherwise we would have to relocate the objects)

  if (!from()->is_empty() || !to()->is_empty()) {

    return;

  }

  int next_level = level() + 1;

  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

  assert(next_level < gch->_n_gens,

         "DefNewGeneration cannot be an oldest gen");

  Generation* next_gen = gch->_gens[next_level];

  size_t old_size = next_gen->capacity();

  size_t new_size_before = _virtual_space.committed_size();

  size_t min_new_size = spec()->init_size();

  size_t max_new_size = reserved().byte_size();

  assert(min_new_size <= new_size_before &&

         new_size_before <= max_new_size,

         "just checking");

  // All space sizes must be multiples of Generation::GenGrain.

  size_t alignment = Generation::GenGrain;

  // Compute desired new generation size based on NewRatio and

  // NewSizeThreadIncrease

  size_t desired_new_size = old_size/NewRatio;

  int threads_count = Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads();

  size_t thread_increase_size = threads_count * NewSizeThreadIncrease;

  desired_new_size = align_size_up(desired_new_size + thread_increase_size, alignment);

  // Adjust new generation size

  desired_new_size = MAX2(MIN2(desired_new_size, max_new_size), min_new_size);

  assert(desired_new_size <= max_new_size, "just checking");

  bool changed = false;

  if (desired_new_size > new_size_before) {

    size_t change = desired_new_size - new_size_before;

    assert(change % alignment == 0, "just checking");

    if (expand(change)) {

       changed = true;

    }

    // If the heap failed to expand to the desired size,

    // "changed" will be false.  If the expansion failed

    // (and at this point it was expected to succeed),

    // ignore the failure (leaving "changed" as false).

  }

  if (desired_new_size < new_size_before && eden()->is_empty()) {

    // bail out of shrinking if objects in eden

    size_t change = new_size_before - desired_new_size;

    assert(change % alignment == 0, "just checking");

    _virtual_space.shrink_by(change);

    changed = true;

  }

  if (changed) {

    // The spaces have already been mangled at this point but

    // may not have been cleared (set top = bottom) and should be.

    // Mangling was done when the heap was being expanded.

    compute_space_boundaries(eden()->used(),

                             SpaceDecorator::Clear,

                             SpaceDecorator::DontMangle);

    MemRegion cmr((HeapWord*)_virtual_space.low(),

                  (HeapWord*)_virtual_space.high());

    Universe::heap()->barrier_set()->resize_covered_region(cmr);

    if (Verbose && PrintGC) {

      size_t new_size_after  = _virtual_space.committed_size();

      size_t eden_size_after = eden()->capacity();

      size_t survivor_size_after = from()->capacity();

      gclog_or_tty->print("New generation size " SIZE_FORMAT "K->"

        SIZE_FORMAT "K [eden="

        SIZE_FORMAT "K,survivor=" SIZE_FORMAT "K]",

        new_size_before/K, new_size_after/K,

        eden_size_after/K, survivor_size_after/K);

      if (WizardMode) {

        gclog_or_tty->print("[allowed " SIZE_FORMAT "K extra for %d threads]",

          thread_increase_size/K, threads_count);

      }

      gclog_or_tty->cr();

    }

  }

}

void DefNewGeneration::object_iterate_since_last_GC(ObjectClosure* cl) {

  // $$$ This may be wrong in case of "scavenge failure"?

  eden()->object_iterate(cl);

}

void DefNewGeneration::younger_refs_iterate(OopsInGenClosure* cl) {

  assert(false, "NYI -- are you sure you want to call this?");

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::capacity() const {

  return eden()->capacity()

       + from()->capacity();  // to() is only used during scavenge

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::used() const {

  return eden()->used()

       + from()->used();      // to() is only used during scavenge

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::free() const {

  return eden()->free()

       + from()->free();      // to() is only used during scavenge

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::max_capacity() const {

  const size_t alignment = GenCollectedHeap::heap()->collector_policy()->min_alignment();

  const size_t reserved_bytes = reserved().byte_size();

  return reserved_bytes - compute_survivor_size(reserved_bytes, alignment);

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::unsafe_max_alloc_nogc() const {

  return eden()->free();

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::capacity_before_gc() const {

  return eden()->capacity();

}

size_t DefNewGeneration::contiguous_available() const {

  return eden()->free();

}

HeapWord** DefNewGeneration::top_addr() const { return eden()->top_addr(); }

HeapWord** DefNewGeneration::end_addr() const { return eden()->end_addr(); }

void DefNewGeneration::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* blk) {

  eden()->object_iterate(blk);

  from()->object_iterate(blk);

}

void DefNewGeneration::space_iterate(SpaceClosure* blk,

                                     bool usedOnly) {

  blk->do_space(eden());

  blk->do_space(from());

  blk->do_space(to());

}

// The last collection bailed out, we are running out of heap space,

// so we try to allocate the from-space, too.

HeapWord* DefNewGeneration::allocate_from_space(size_t size) {

  HeapWord* result = NULL;

  if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {

    gclog_or_tty->print("DefNewGeneration::allocate_from_space(%u):"

                        "  will_fail: %s"

                        "  heap_lock: %s"

                        "  free: " SIZE_FORMAT,

                        size,

                        GenCollectedHeap::heap()->incremental_collection_will_fail(false /* don't consult_young */) ?

                          "true" : "false",

                        Heap_lock->is_locked() ? "locked" : "unlocked",

                        from()->free());

  }

  if (should_allocate_from_space() || GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()) {

    if (Heap_lock->owned_by_self() ||

        (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() &&

         Thread::current()->is_VM_thread())) {

      // If the Heap_lock is not locked by this thread, this will be called

      // again later with the Heap_lock held.

      result = from()->allocate(size);

    } else if (PrintGC && Verbose) {

      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Heap_lock is not owned by self");

    }

  } else if (PrintGC && Verbose) {

    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  should_allocate_from_space: NOT");

  }

  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {

    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  returns %s", result == NULL ? "NULL" : "object");

  }

  return result;

}

HeapWord* DefNewGeneration::expand_and_allocate(size_t size,

                                                bool   is_tlab,